Form 8-K

8-K — Transcode Therapeutics, Inc.

Accession: 0001104659-26-089805

Filed: 2026-08-03

Period: 2026-08-03

CIK: 0001829635

SIC: 2834 (PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS)

Item: Material Modifications to Rights of Security Holders

Item: Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year

Item: Financial Statements and Exhibits

Documents

8-K — tm2622073d1_8k.htm (Primary)

EX-3.1 — EXHIBIT 3.1 (tm2622073d1_ex3-1.htm)

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8-K — FORM 8-K

8-K (Primary)

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2026-08-03

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):

August 3, 2026

TRANSCODE

THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its

charter)

Delaware

001-40363

81-1065054

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation)

(Commission

File Number)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

TransCode

Therapeutics, Inc.

Liberty Square, #2382

Boston, Massachusetts

02109

(Address

of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(857)

837-3099

(Registrant’s

telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed

Since Last Report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K

filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR

240.14d-2(b))

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR

240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

Title of each class

Trading symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which

registered

Common

Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

RNAZ

The Nasdaq

Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant

is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging

growth company x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check

mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting

standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Item

3.03

Material

Modification to Rights of Securityholders.

To the extent required

by Item 3.03 of Form 8-K, the information contained in Item 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into

this Item 3.03.

Item 5.03 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation

or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.

Amendment and Restatement of Certificate of Designation

previously disclosed, on October 8, 2025, TransCode Therapeutics, Inc. (the “Company”) filed

a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Non-Voting

Convertible Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in connection that certain Membership Interest Purchase

Agreement dated as of October 8, 2025 (the “Purchase Agreement”), by and between the Company and DEFJ, LLC, a Delaware limited

liability company (“DEFJ”), and that certain Investment Agreement dated as of October 8, 2025 (the “Investment Agreement”),

by and between the Company and DEFJ. On October 27, 2025, the Company, upon obtaining the consent of a majority of the holders of the

Company’s Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Series A Preferred Stock”),

and Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock” and, together with the

Series A Preferred Stock, the “Preferred Stock”), and the approval of the Company’s Board of Directors, filed an Amended

and Restated Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock

(the “Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware..

August 3, 2026, upon obtaining the consent of a majority of the holders of the Preferred Stock, and the approval of the Company’s

Board of Directors, the Company filed a Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations

of Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Second Amended and

Restated Certificate of Designation”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.

The Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation amended

Section 6.3.3 of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation to remove the requirement of 60 days’ notice to change and/or

waive the beneficial ownership limitation set forth in the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation. The Second Amended and Restated

Certificate of Designation effected no other changes to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation other than the foregoing,

and no additional securities were issued or sold in connection with the filing.

The foregoing description of the Second Amended

and Restated Certificate of Designation does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text

of the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form

8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits.

Exhibit Number

Description

3.1

Second

Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred

Stock and Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock of TransCode Therapeutics, Inc., dated August 3, 2026.

104

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto

duly authorized.

TRANSCODE

THERAPEUTICS, INC.

By:

/s/

Thomas A. Fitzgerald

Name:

Thomas

A. Fitzgerald

Title:

Chief

Financial Officer and Secretary

August 3, 2026

EX-3.1 — EXHIBIT 3.1

EX-3.1

Filename: tm2622073d1_ex3-1.htm · Sequence: 2

Exhibit 3.1

Transcode

therapeutics, inc.

SECOND

AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION OF PREFERENCES,

RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS

SERIES

A NON-VOTING CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

and

SERIES B NON-VOTING CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

Pursuant to Section 151 of the

General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware

THE UNDERSIGNED DOES HEREBY CERTIFY, on behalf of Transcode Therapeutics, Inc.,

a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”), that:

WHEREAS: the Certificate of Incorporation

of the Corporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), provides for a class of its authorized

stock known as Preferred Stock, consisting of 10,000,000 shares, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Preferred Stock”),

issuable from time to time in one or more series.

WHEREAS: the Board of Directors of the Corporation

(the “Board of Directors”), in accordance with the provisions of Section 151 of the General Corporation

Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), previously adopted a resolution providing for the creation of a series

of the Corporation’s Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, which is designated as “Series A Non-Voting Convertible

Preferred Stock,” and a series of the Corporation’s Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, which is designated as “Series B

Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock”, and the Certificate of Designation of Preferences,

Rights and Limitations of Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock

was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on October 8, 2025 (the “Original Certificate of Designation”).

WHEREAS: on October 23, 2025, the Board

of Directors duly adopted a resolution for purposes of amending and restating the Original Certificate of Designation, and the Amended

and Restated Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock

and Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock was filed with the Secretary of the State of Delaware on October 27, 2025

(the “Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation”).

WHEREAS: on July [ ], 2026, the Board

of Directors duly adopted the following resolution for purposes of amending and restating the Amended and Restated Certification of Designation

to eliminate the sixty (60) day notice requirement for the removal of the Beneficial Ownership Limit set forth in Section 6.3.3.

WHEREAS: the holders of a majority of the

outstanding shares of the Corporation’s non-voting convertible preferred stock, consisting of the Series A Non-Voting Convertible

Preferred Stock and the Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, have approved the following resolution to further amend

the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation.

RESOLVED: that, pursuant to authority conferred

upon the Board of Directors by the Certificate of Incorporation, the Amended and Restated Certificate

of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Non-Voting

Convertible Preferred Stock that fixes the relative designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or

other special rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, of such shares of Preferred Stock, in addition to any

provisions set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation that are applicable to the Preferred Stock of all classes and series, is hereby

amended and restated as follows:

TERMS

OF SERIES A and SERIES B NON-VOTING CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

1.            Definitions.

For the purposes hereof, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

“Business Day” means

any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banks in New York, NY, are authorized or obligated by Law to be closed.

“Closing Sale Price”

means, for any security as of any date, the last closing trade price for such security immediately prior to 4:00 p.m., New York

City time, on the principal Trading Market where such security is listed or traded, as reported by Bloomberg, L.P. (or an equivalent,

reliable reporting service), or if the foregoing do not apply, the last trade price of such security in the over-the-counter market on

the electronic bulletin board for such security as reported by Bloomberg, L.P., or, if no last trade price is reported for such security

by Bloomberg, L.P., the average of the bid prices of any market makers for such security as reported on the OTC Pink Limited Market by

OTC Markets Group, Inc. If the Closing Sale Price cannot be calculated for a security on a particular date on any of the foregoing

bases, the Closing Sale Price of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as determined in good faith by the Board of

Directors of the Corporation.

“Commission” means the

United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Common Stock” means

the Corporation’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and stock of any other class of securities into which such securities

may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

“Conversion Shares” means,

collectively, the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the shares of Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock or Series B

Non-Voting Preferred Stock, as applicable, in accordance with the terms hereof.

“Exchange Act” means

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

“Holder” means a holder

of shares of Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock or Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock, as applicable.

“Person” means an individual

or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock

company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

“Purchase Agreement”

means that certain Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 8, 2025, by and between the Corporation and DEFJ,

LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Seller”).

“Trading Day” means a

day on which the principal Trading Market is open for business.

“Trading Market” means

any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE

American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York Stock Exchange (or

any successors to any of the foregoing).

2.            Designation,

Amount and Par Value. The series of Preferred Stock shall be designated as the Corporation’s Series A Non-Voting Convertible

Preferred Stock (the “Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock”) and the Corporation’s Series B Non-Voting

Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock” and, collectively with the Series A

Non-Voting Preferred Stock, the “Non-Voting Preferred Stock”), and the number of shares so designated to be Series A

Non-Voting Preferred Stock shall be 1,242.0718 and the number of shares so designated to be Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock shall

be 223.7337. Each share of Non-Voting Preferred Stock shall have a par value of $0.0001 per share.

3.            Dividends.

Holders shall be entitled to receive, and the Corporation shall pay, dividends on shares of the Non-Voting Preferred Stock (on an as-if-converted-to-Common-Stock

basis, without regard to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below)) equal to and in the same form, and in the same manner,

as dividends (other than dividends on shares of the Common Stock payable in the form of Common Stock) actually paid on shares of the Common

Stock when, as and if such dividends (other than dividends payable in the form of Common Stock) are paid on shares of the Common Stock;

provided, however, in no event shall Holders of Non-Voting Preferred Stock be entitled to receive the “rights” distributed

pursuant to that certain Contingent Value Rights Agreement dated as of October 8, 2025 by and between the Corporation and Vstock

Transfer, LLC, as may be amended from time to time (the “CVR Agreement”), or any amounts paid under the CVR

Agreement. In addition, Holders shall be entitled to receive, and the Corporation shall pay, a one-time payment-in-kind (“PIK”)

dividend on each share of Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock, accruing at a rate equal to five percent (5%) per annum payable in

shares of Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock on the date that is the earlier of (A) Stockholder Approval and (B) 180 days

after the date of the original issuance of such Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock, which PIK dividend shall accrue for such applicable

period of time referred to in clauses (A) and (B) above. Other than as set forth in the previous two sentences, no other dividends

shall be paid on shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock, and the Corporation shall pay no dividends (other than dividends payable in the

form of Common Stock) on shares of the Common Stock unless it simultaneously complies with the previous two sentences.

4.            Voting

Rights.

4.1            Except

as otherwise provided herein or as otherwise required by the DGCL, the Non-Voting Preferred Stock shall have no voting rights. However,

as long as any shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Corporation shall not, without the affirmative vote of the holders

of a majority of the then outstanding shares of the Non-Voting Preferred Stock: (A) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences

or rights given to the Non-Voting Preferred Stock or alter or amend this Certificate of Designation, amend or repeal any provision of,

or add any provision to, the Certificate of Incorporation or Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Corporation, or file any articles of amendment,

certificate of designations, preferences, limitations and relative rights of any series of Preferred Stock, if such action would adversely

alter or change the preferences, rights, privileges or powers of, or restrictions provided for the benefit of the Non-Voting Preferred

Stock, regardless of whether any of the foregoing actions shall be by means of amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation or by merger,

consolidation, recapitalization, reclassification, conversion or otherwise, (B) issue further shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock

or increase or decrease (other than by conversion) the number of authorized shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock, (C) prior to the

Stockholder Approval (as defined below) or at any time while at least thirty percent (30%) of the originally issued shares of Series A

Non-Voting Preferred Stock or Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock, as applicable, remains issued and outstanding, consummate either:

(i) any Fundamental Transaction (as defined below) or (ii) any merger or consolidation of the Corporation with or into another

entity or any stock sale to, or other business combination in which the stockholders of the Corporation immediately before such transaction

do not hold at least a majority of the capital stock of the Corporation immediately after such transaction or (D) enter into any

agreement with respect to any of the foregoing. Holders of shares of Common Stock acquired upon the conversion of shares of Non-Voting

Preferred Stock shall be entitled to the same voting rights as each other holder of Common Stock, except that such holders may not vote

such shares upon the proposal for Stockholder Approval pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in accordance with Rule 5635 of the listing

rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.

4.2            Any

vote required or permitted under Section 4.1 may be taken at a meeting of the Holders or through the execution of an action

by written consent in lieu of such meeting, provided that the consent is executed by Holders representing at least a majority of the outstanding

shares of Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock and Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock, as applicable.

5.            Rank;

Liquidation.

5.1            Each

series of the Non-Voting Preferred Stock shall rank on parity with the Common Stock as to distributions of assets upon liquidation, dissolution

or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntarily or involuntarily.

5.2            Upon

any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary (a “Liquidation”),

each Holder shall be entitled to receive out of the assets, whether capital or surplus, of the Corporation the same amount that a holder

of Common Stock would receive if the Non-Voting Preferred Stock were fully converted (disregarding for such purpose any Beneficial Ownership

Limitation) to Common Stock which amounts shall be paid pari passu with all holders of Common Stock, plus an additional amount

equal to any dividends accrued on but unpaid to such shares. If, upon any such Liquidation, the assets of the Corporation shall be insufficient

to pay the Holders of shares of the Non-Voting Preferred Stock the amount required under the preceding sentence, then all remaining assets

of the Corporation shall be distributed ratably to the Holders and the holders of Common Stock in accordance with the respective amounts

that would be payable on all such securities if all amounts payable thereon were paid in full. For the avoidance of any doubt, a Fundamental

Transaction shall not be deemed a Liquidation unless the Corporation or the Board of Directors expressly declares that such Fundamental

Transaction shall be treated as if it were a Liquidation.

6.            Conversion.

6.1            Conversion

at Option of Holder.

6.1.1            Subject

to Section 6.3, (A) each share of Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be convertible, at

any time and from time to time following 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on the third Business Day after the date that the Corporation’s

stockholders approve the conversion of the applicable Series of Non-Voting Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock in accordance

with the listing rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market and as set forth in Section 4.1 of the Purchase Agreement (the “Stockholder

Approval”) and (B) each share of Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be convertible, at

any time and from time to time following the earliest to occur of: (i) April 8, 2026, (ii) the effectiveness date of a

registration statement covering the resale of the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock,

and (iii) 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on the third Business Day after the date that the Stockholder Approval is obtained, in

each case at the option of the Holder thereof, into a number of shares of Common Stock based upon the applicable Conversion Ratio, subject

in all cases to any applicable Beneficial Ownership Limitation (each, an “Optional Conversion”). Notwithstanding

any other provision of this Certificate of Designation, for as long as the Purchase Agreement remains in effect and for as long as any

shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock remain outstanding, prior to receipt by the Corporation of the Stockholder Approval, the Corporation

shall not issue pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and this Section 6.1.1 more than an aggregate of 19.9% of the Common Stock outstanding

as of the date of execution of the Purchase Agreement.

6.1.2            Holders

shall effect conversions by providing the Corporation with the form of conversion notice attached hereto as Annex A

(a “Notice of Conversion”), duly completed and executed. Provided the Corporation’s transfer agent is

participating in the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) Fast Automated Securities Transfer program, the Notice

of Conversion may specify, at the Holder’s election, whether the applicable Conversion Shares shall be credited to the account of

the Holder’s prime broker with DTC through its Deposit Withdrawal Agent Commission system (a “DWAC Delivery”).

The date on which an Optional Conversion shall be deemed effective (the “Conversion Date”) shall be the Trading

Day that the Notice of Conversion, completed and executed, is sent via email to, and received during regular business hours by, the Corporation;

provided, that the original certificate(s) (if any) representing such shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock being converted, duly

endorsed, and the accompanying Notice of Conversion, are received by the Corporation within two (2) Trading Days thereafter. In all

other cases, the Conversion Date shall be defined as the Trading Day on which the original certificate(s) (if any) representing such

shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock being converted, duly endorsed, and the accompanying Notice of Conversion, are received by the Corporation.

The calculations set forth in the Notice of Conversion shall control in the absence of manifest or mathematical error.

6.2            Conversion

Ratio. The “Conversion Ratio” for each share of Non-Voting Preferred Stock shall be 10,000 shares of Common

Stock issuable upon the conversion (the “Conversion”) of each share of Non-Voting Preferred Stock, subject to

adjustment as provided herein.

6.3            Beneficial

Ownership Limitation.

6.3.1            The

Corporation shall not effect any conversion of any share of Non-Voting Preferred Stock, and a Holder shall not have the right to convert

any portion of the Non-Voting Preferred Stock pursuant to Section 6.1, to the extent that, after giving effect to such attempted

conversion set forth on an applicable Notice of Conversion, such Holder (or any of such Holder’s affiliates or any other Person

who would be a beneficial owner of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange

Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission, including any “group” of which the Holder is a member

(the foregoing, “Attribution Parties”)) would beneficially own a number of shares of Common Stock in excess

of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 6.3, beneficial

ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations

of the Commission, and the terms “beneficial ownership” and “beneficially own” have the meanings ascribed to such

terms therein. In addition, for purposes hereof, “group” has the meaning set forth in Section 13(d) of the Exchange

Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission.

6.3.2            For

purposes of this Section 6.3, in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number

of outstanding shares of Common Stock as stated in the most recent of the following: (A) the Corporation’s most recent periodic

or annual filing with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Corporation that is filed

with the Commission, or (C) a more recent notice by the Corporation or the Corporation’s transfer agent to the Holder setting

forth the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. Upon the written request of a Holder (which may be by email), the Corporation

shall, within two (2) Trading Days thereof, confirm in writing to such Holder (which may be via email) the number of shares of Common

Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to any actual

conversion or exercise of securities of the Corporation, including shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock, by such Holder or its Attribution

Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was last publicly reported or confirmed to the Holder.

6.3.3            The

“Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall initially be set at 9.99% for each Holder and its Attribution Parties.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any time following the earliest to occur of (A) the receipt of the Stockholder Approval and (B) the

consummation of a Fundamental Transaction, the Holder may waive and/or change the Beneficial Ownership Limitation effective upon written

notice to the Corporation. The Holder may reinstitute a Beneficial Ownership Limitation at any time thereafter effective immediately upon

written notice to the Corporation. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Certificate of Designation, prior to receipt by the Corporation

of the Stockholder Approval, the Corporation shall not be required to effect a Conversion to the extent such Conversion would cause the

Corporation to violate Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635.

6.4            Mechanics

of Conversion.

6.4.1            Delivery

of Certificate or Electronic Issuance. Upon Conversion not later than two (2) Trading Days after the applicable Conversion Date,

or if the Holder requests the issuance of physical certificate(s), two (2) Trading Days after receipt by the Corporation of the original

certificate(s) representing such shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock being converted, duly endorsed, and the accompanying Notice

of Conversion (the “Share Delivery Date”), the Corporation shall either: (a) deliver, or cause to be delivered,

to the converting Holder a physical certificate or certificates representing the number of Conversion Shares being acquired upon the conversion

of shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock, or (b) in the case of a DWAC Delivery (if so requested by the Holder), electronically transfer

such Conversion Shares by crediting the account of the Holder’s prime broker with DTC through its DWAC system. If in the case of

any Notice of Conversion such certificate or certificates for the Conversion Shares are not delivered to or as directed by or, in the

case of a DWAC Delivery, such shares are not electronically delivered to or as directed by, the applicable Holder by the Share Delivery

Date, the applicable Holder shall be entitled to elect to rescind such Notice of Conversion by written notice to the Corporation at any

time on or before its receipt of such certificate or certificates for Conversion Shares or electronic receipt of such shares, as applicable,

in which event the Corporation shall promptly return to such Holder any original Non-Voting Preferred Stock certificate delivered to the

Corporation and such Holder shall promptly return to the Corporation any Common Stock certificates or otherwise direct the return of any

shares of Common Stock delivered to the Holder through the DWAC system, representing the shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock unsuccessfully

tendered for conversion to the Corporation, and for all purposes the conversion shall not be deemed to have occurred.

6.4.2            Obligation

Absolute. Subject to Section 6.3 and subject to Holder’s right to rescind a Notice of Conversion pursuant to Section 6.4.1,

the Corporation’s obligation to issue and deliver the Conversion Shares upon conversion of Non-Voting Preferred Stock in accordance

with the terms hereof are absolute and unconditional, irrespective of any action or inaction by a Holder to enforce the same, any waiver

or consent with respect to any provision hereof, the recovery of any judgment against any Person or any action to enforce the same, or

any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, limitation or termination, or any breach or alleged breach by such Holder or any other Person of

any obligation to the Corporation or any violation or alleged violation of law by such Holder or any other Person, and irrespective of

any other circumstance which might otherwise limit such obligation of the Corporation to such Holder in connection with the issuance of

such Conversion Shares. Subject to Section 6.3 and subject to Holder’s right to rescind a Notice of Conversion pursuant

to Section 6.4.1, in the event a Holder shall elect to convert any or all of its Non-Voting Preferred Stock, the Corporation

may not refuse conversion based on any claim that such Holder or anyone associated or affiliated with such Holder has been engaged in

any violation of law, agreement or for any other reason, unless an injunction from a court, on notice to Holder, restraining and/or enjoining

conversion of all or part of the Non-Voting Preferred Stock of such Holder shall have been sought and obtained by the Corporation, and

the Corporation posts a surety bond for the benefit of such Holder in the amount of 150% of the value of the Conversion Shares into which

would be converted the Non-Voting Preferred Stock which is subject to such injunction, which bond shall remain in effect until the completion

of arbitration/litigation of the underlying dispute and the proceeds of which shall be payable to such Holder to the extent it obtains

judgment. In the absence of such injunction, the Corporation shall, subject to Section 6.3 and subject to Holder’s right

to rescind a Notice of Conversion pursuant to Section 6.4.1, issue Conversion Shares upon a properly noticed conversion.

6.4.3            Cash

Settlement. Upon the occurrence of the conditions set forth in Section 5.3 of that certain Repurchase Agreement, dated as of

October 8, 2025, by and between Seller and the Corporation (the “Repurchase Agreement”), or if the Corporation

fails to deliver to a Holder a certificate or certificates representing shares of Common Stock, or electronically deliver (or cause its

transfer agent to electronically deliver) such shares in the case of a DWAC Delivery, (A) pursuant to Section 6.4.1 on

or prior to the third (3rd) Trading Day after the Share Delivery Date applicable to such conversion (other than a failure caused

by materially incorrect or incomplete information provided by Holder to the Corporation) or (B) solely with respect to the Series A

Non-Voting Preferred Stock, April 8, 2027, then, unless the Holder has, with respect to delivery pursuant to subsection (A), rescinded

the applicable Notice of Conversion pursuant to Section 6.4.1, the Corporation shall, at the request of the Holder, pay an

amount equal to the Fair Value (as defined below) of such undelivered shares, with such payment to be made within two Business Days from

the date of request by the Holder, whereupon the Corporation’s obligations to deliver such shares underlying the Notice of Conversion

shall be extinguished upon payment in full of the Fair Value of such undelivered shares; provided, however that such request shall be

presumed to have been duly and properly made by such Holder if the Stockholder Approval shall not have been obtained prior to the date

on which the Notice of Conversion is delivered to the Corporation. For purposes of this Section 6.4.3, the “Fair Value”

of shares shall be fixed with reference to the last reported Closing Sale Price on the principal Trading Market on which the Common Stock

is listed as of the Trading Day immediately prior to the Conversion Date. For the avoidance of doubt, the cash settlement provisions set

forth in this Section 6.4.3 shall be available irrespective of the reason for the Corporation’s failure to timely deliver

Conversion Shares (other than a failure caused by materially incorrect or incomplete information provided by Holder to the Corporation)

including due to the lack of obtaining Stockholder Approval, or due to applicable Trading Market rules.

6.4.4            Buy-In

on Failure to Timely Deliver Certificates. If the Corporation fails to deliver to a Holder the applicable certificate or certificates

or to effect a DWAC Delivery, as applicable, by the Share Delivery Date pursuant to Section 6.4.1 (other than a failure caused

by materially incorrect or incomplete information provided by Holder to the Corporation or the application of the Beneficial Ownership

Limitation), and if after such Share Delivery Date such Holder is required by its brokerage firm to purchase (in an open market transaction

or otherwise), or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by

such Holder of the Conversion Shares which such Holder was entitled to receive upon the conversion relating to such Share Delivery Date

(a “Buy-In”), then the Corporation shall (A) pay in cash to such Holder (in addition to any other remedies

available to or elected by such Holder) the amount by which (x) such Holder’s total purchase price (including any brokerage

commissions) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the product of (1) the aggregate number of shares of Common

Stock that such Holder was entitled to receive from the conversion at issue multiplied by (2) the actual sale price at which the

sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed (including any brokerage commissions) and (B) at the option of such

Holder, either reissue (if surrendered) the shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock equal to the number of shares of Non-Voting Preferred

Stock submitted for conversion or deliver to such Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued if the Corporation

had timely complied with its delivery requirements under Section 6.4.1. For example, if a Holder purchases shares of Common

Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted conversion of shares of Non-Voting Preferred

Stock with respect to which the actual sale price (including any brokerage commissions) giving rise to such purchase obligation was a

total of $10,000 under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence, the Corporation shall be required to pay such Holder

$1,000. The Holder shall provide the Corporation written notice, within three (3) Trading Days after the occurrence of a Buy-In,

indicating the amounts payable to such Holder in respect of such Buy-In together with applicable confirmations and other evidence reasonably

requested by the Corporation. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder,

at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Corporation’s

failure to timely deliver certificates representing shares of Common Stock upon conversion of the shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock

as required pursuant to the terms hereof or the cash settlement remedy set forth in Section 6.4.3; provided, however, that

the Holder shall not be entitled to both (i) require the reissuance of the shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock submitted for conversion

for which such conversion was not timely honored and (ii) receive the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued

if the Corporation had timely complied with its delivery requirements under Section 6.4.1.

6.4.5            Reservation

of Shares Issuable Upon Conversion. The Corporation covenants that at all times it will reserve and keep available out of its authorized

and unissued shares of Common Stock for the sole purpose of issuance upon conversion of the Non-Voting Preferred Stock, free from preemptive

rights or any other actual contingent purchase rights of Persons other than the Holders of the Non-Voting Preferred Stock, not less than

such aggregate number of shares of the Common Stock as shall be issuable (taking into account the adjustments of Section 7)

upon the conversion of all outstanding shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock. The Corporation covenants that all shares of Common Stock

that shall be so issuable shall, upon issue, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

6.4.6            Fractional

Shares. No fractional shares of Common Stock shall be issued upon conversion of the Non-Voting Preferred Stock, no certificates or

scrip for any such fractional shares shall be issued and no cash shall be paid for any such fractional shares. Any fractional shares of

Common Stock that a Holder of Non-Voting Preferred Stock would otherwise be entitled to receive shall be aggregated with all fractional

shares of Common Stock issuable to such Holder and any remaining fractional shares shall be rounded up to the nearest whole share. Whether

or not fractional shares would be issuable upon such conversion shall be determined on the basis of the total number of shares of Non-Voting

Preferred Stock the Holder is at the time converting into Common Stock and the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon

such conversion.

6.4.7            Transfer

Taxes. The issuance of certificates for shares of the Common Stock upon conversion of the Non-Voting Preferred Stock shall be made

without charge to any Holder for any documentary stamp or similar taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue or delivery of such

certificates, provided that the Corporation shall not be required to pay any tax that may be payable in respect of any transfer involved

in the issuance and delivery of any such certificate upon conversion in a name other than that of the registered Holder(s) of such

shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock and the Corporation shall not be required to issue or deliver such certificates unless or until the

Person or Persons requesting the issuance thereof shall have paid to the Corporation the amount of such tax or shall have established

to the satisfaction of the Corporation that such tax has been paid.

6.5            Status

as Stockholder. Upon each Conversion Date, (A) the shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock being converted shall be deemed converted

into shares of Common Stock and (B) the Holder’s rights as a holder of such converted shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock

shall cease and terminate, excepting only the right to receive certificates for such shares of Common Stock and to any remedies provided

herein or otherwise available at law or in equity to such Holder because of a failure by the Corporation to comply with the terms of this

Certificate of Designation. In all cases, the Holder shall retain all of its rights and remedies for the Corporation’s failure to

convert Non-Voting Preferred Stock. In no event shall the Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock convert into shares of Common Stock

prior to the Stockholder Approval.

7.            Certain

Adjustments.

7.1            Stock

Dividends and Stock Splits. If the Corporation, at any time while this Non-Voting Preferred Stock is outstanding: (A) pays a

stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall

not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Corporation upon conversion of this Non-Voting Preferred Stock) with respect to the

then outstanding shares of Common Stock; (B) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares; or (C) combines

(including by way of a reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, then the Conversion Ratio

shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding any treasury shares

of the Corporation) outstanding immediately after such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock

outstanding immediately before such event (excluding any treasury shares of the Corporation). Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 7.1

shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution

and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision or combination.

7.2            Fundamental

Transaction. If, at any time while this Non-Voting Preferred Stock is outstanding, (A) the Corporation effects any merger or

consolidation of the Corporation with or into another Person or any stock sale to, or other business combination (including, without limitation,

a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, share exchange or scheme of arrangement) with or into another Person, (B) the Corporation

effects any sale, lease, transfer or exclusive license of all or substantially all of its assets in one transaction or a series of related

transactions, (C) any tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Corporation or another Person) is completed pursuant to which

more than 20% of the Common Stock not held by the Corporation or such Person is exchanged for or converted into other securities, cash

or property, or (D) the Corporation effects any reclassification of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant (other

than as a result of a dividend, subdivision or combination covered by Section 7.1) to which the Common Stock is effectively

converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (in any such case, a “Fundamental Transaction”),

then, upon any subsequent conversion of this Non-Voting Preferred Stock the Holders shall have the right to receive, in lieu of the right

to receive Conversion Shares, for each Conversion Share that would have been issuable upon such conversion immediately prior to the occurrence

of such Fundamental Transaction, the same kind and amount of securities, cash or property as it would have been entitled to receive upon

the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction if it had been, immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, the holder of one share

of Common Stock (the “Alternate Consideration”). For purposes of any such subsequent conversion, the determination

of the Conversion Ratio shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration

issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to

the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holders shall be given the same choice as to the

Alternate Consideration it receives upon any conversion of this Non-Voting Preferred Stock following such Fundamental Transaction. To

the extent necessary to effectuate the foregoing provisions, any successor to the Corporation or surviving entity in such Fundamental

Transaction shall file a new certificate of designations at the effective time of such Fundamental Transaction, with the same terms and

conditions and issue to the Holders new preferred stock consistent with the foregoing provisions and evidencing the Holders’ right

to convert such preferred stock into Alternate Consideration. The terms of any agreement to which the Corporation is a party and pursuant

to which a Fundamental Transaction is effected shall include terms requiring any such successor or surviving entity to comply with the

provisions of this Section 7.2 and insuring that this Non-Voting Preferred Stock (or any such replacement security) will be

similarly adjusted upon any subsequent transaction analogous to a Fundamental Transaction. The Corporation shall cause to be delivered

to each Holder, at its last address as it shall appear upon the stock books of the Corporation, written notice of any Fundamental Transaction

at least 20 calendar days prior to the date on which such Fundamental Transaction is expected to become effective or close. Notwithstanding

anything to the contrary herein, the Corporation’s disposition of certain assets pursuant to the CVR Agreement shall not constitute

a Fundamental Transaction.

7.3            Calculations.

All calculations under this Section 7 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/10,000th of a share, as the case

may be. For purposes of this Section 7, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given

date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding any treasury shares of the Corporation) issued and outstanding.

8.            Redemption.

Upon the occurrence of a material breach of the Corporation’s obligations under Section 4.2 of the Repurchase Agreement, that

has had or would reasonably be expected to have a material and adverse impact on the Target (as defined in the Repurchase Agreement) and

its subsidiaries, on a consolidated basis, each Holder of Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock shall have the option to

require the Corporation to redeem all of such Holder’s Series A Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock at a redemption price

equal to $10.7639 per share of Company Common Stock (on an as-converted basis), payable in cash, without interest, not more than fifteen

(15) days following written notice to the Corporation thereof.

9.            Transfer.

A Holder may transfer any shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock together with the accompanying rights set forth herein, held by such holder

without the consent of the Corporation; provided that such transfer is in compliance with applicable securities laws. The Corporation

shall in good faith (a) do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and (b) execute

and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, in each case, as any holder of Non-Voting Preferred Stock

may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Section 9. The transferee of any

shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock shall be subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation applicable to the transferor as of the time

of such transfer.

10.          Non-Voting

Preferred Stock Register. The Corporation shall maintain at its principal executive offices (or such other office or agency of the

Corporation as it may designate by notice to the Holders in accordance with Section 11), a register for the Non-Voting Preferred

Stock, in which the Corporation shall record (a) the name, address, and electronic mail address of each holder in whose name the

shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock have been issued and (b) the name, address, and electronic mail address of each transferee of

any shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock. The Corporation may deem and treat the registered Holder of shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock

as the absolute owner thereof for the purpose of any conversion thereof and for all other purposes. The Corporation shall keep the register

open and available at all times during business hours for inspection by any holder of Non-Voting Preferred Stock or his, her or its legal

representatives.

11.          Notices.

Any notice required or permitted by the provisions of this Certificate of Designation to be given to a Holder of shares of Non-Voting

Preferred Stock shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to the post office address last shown on the records of the Corporation, or given by

electronic communication in compliance with the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, and shall be deemed sent upon such

mailing or electronic transmission.

12.          Book-Entry;

Certificates. The Non-Voting Preferred Stock will be issued in book-entry form; provided that, if a Holder requests that such Holder’s

shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock be issued in certificated form, the Corporation will instead issue a stock certificate to such Holder

representing such Holder’s shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock. To the extent that any shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock are

issued in book-entry form, references herein to “certificates” shall instead refer to the book-entry notation relating to

such shares.

13.          Waiver.

Any waiver by the Corporation or a Holder of a breach of any provision of this Certificate of Designation shall not operate as or be construed

to be a waiver of any other breach of such provision or of any breach of any other provision of this Certificate of Designation or a waiver

by any other Holders, other than as expressly set forth herein. The failure of the Corporation or a Holder to insist upon strict adherence

to any term of this Certificate of Designation on one or more occasions shall not be considered a waiver or deprive that party (or any

other Holder) of the right thereafter to insist upon strict adherence to that term or any other term of this Certificate of Designation.

Any waiver by the Corporation or a Holder must be in writing. Notwithstanding any provision in this Certificate of Designation to the

contrary, any provision contained herein and any right of the Holders of Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock and Series B Non-Voting

Preferred Stock, as applicable, granted hereunder may be waived as to all shares of Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock and Series B

Non-Voting Preferred Stock, as applicable (and the Holders thereof) upon the written consent of the Holders of not less than a majority

of the shares of Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock and Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock, as applicable, then outstanding,

provided, however, that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation applicable to a Holder, and any provisions contained herein that are related

to such Beneficial Ownership Limitation, cannot be modified, waived or terminated without the consent of such Holder, provided further,

that any proposed waiver that would, by its terms, have a disproportionate and materially adverse effect on any Holder shall require the

consent of such Holder(s).

14.          Severability.

Whenever possible, each provision hereof shall be interpreted in a manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any

provision hereof is held to be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, then such provision shall be ineffective only to the extent

of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating or otherwise adversely affecting the remaining provisions hereof.

15.          Status

of Converted Non-Voting Preferred Stock. If any shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock shall be converted or redeemed by the Corporation,

such shares shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be retired and cancelled upon such acquisition, and shall not be

reissued as a share of Non-Voting Preferred Stock. Any share of Non-Voting Preferred Stock so acquired shall, upon its retirement and

cancellation, and upon the taking of any action required by applicable law, resume the status of authorized but unissued shares of preferred

stock and shall no longer be designated as Non-Voting Preferred Stock.

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Transcode Therapeutics, Inc.

has caused this Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Non-Voting

Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock to be duly executed by its Chief Executive Officer

on August 3, 2026.

TRANSCODE THERAPEUTICS, INC.

By:

/s/ Philippe P. Calais

Name:

Philippe P. Calais

Title:

Chief Executive Officer

ANNEX A

NOTICE OF CONVERSION

(TO BE EXECUTED BY THE REGISTERED HOLDER IN ORDER

TO CONVERT SHARES OF SERIES A OR SERIES B NON-VOTING CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK)

The undersigned Holder hereby irrevocably elects to convert the number

of shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock indicated below, represented in book-entry form, into shares of common stock, par value $0.0001

per share (the “Common Stock”), of Transcode Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”),

as of the date written below. If securities are to be issued in the name of a Person other than the undersigned, the undersigned will

pay all transfer taxes payable with respect thereto. Capitalized terms utilized but not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed

to such terms in that certain Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A

Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designation”)

filed by the Corporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on August 3, 2026.

As of the date hereof, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially

owned by the undersigned Holder (together with such Holder’s Attribution Parties), including the number of shares of Common Stock

issuable upon conversion of the Non-Voting Preferred Stock subject to this Notice of Conversion, but excluding the number of shares of

Common Stock which are issuable upon (A) conversion of the remaining, unconverted Non-Voting Preferred Stock beneficially owned by

such Holder or any of its Attribution Parties, and (B) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other

securities of the Corporation (including any warrants) beneficially owned by such Holder or any of its Attribution Parties that are subject

to a limitation on conversion or exercise, is _____. For purposes hereof, beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with

Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the applicable regulations of the Commission. In addition, for purposes hereof, “group”

has the meaning set forth in Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the applicable regulations of the Commission.

CONVERSION CALCULATIONS:

Date to Effect Conversion:

Number of shares of Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock owned prior to Conversion:

Number of shares of Series B Non-Voting Preferred Stock owned prior to Conversion:

Number of shares of [Series A] [Series B] Non-Voting Preferred Stock to be Converted:

Number of shares of Common Stock to be Issued:

Address for delivery of physical certificates:

For DWAC Delivery, please provide the following:

Broker No.: ________________

Account No.: _______________

[HOLDER]

By:

Name:

Title:

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Title of a 12(b) registered security.

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Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

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Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.

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Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.

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Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.

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Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.

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