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Form 8-K

sec.gov

8-K — ZIFF DAVIS, INC.

Accession: 0001084048-26-000036

Filed: 2026-06-17

Period: 2026-06-15

CIK: 0001084048

SIC: 4822 (TELEGRAPH & OTHER MESSAGE COMMUNICATIONS)

Item: Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement

Item: Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets

Item: Financial Statements and Exhibits

Documents

8-K — zd-20260615.htm (Primary)

EX-10.1 (exhibit101ziffdavis-connec.htm)

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8-K

8-K (Primary)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 OR 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (date of earliest event reported) June 15, 2026

Ziff Davis, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

0-25965

47-1053457

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(Commission File Number)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

360 Park Ave S., 17th Floor

New York, New York 10010

(Address of principal executive offices)

(212) 503-3500

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value ZD Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.

As previously announced, on March 2, 2026, Ziff Davis, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), Ziff Davis, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and Accenture Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Purchaser”), entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell its Connectivity division (the “Business”) to Purchaser for an aggregate purchase price of $1.2 billion in cash (the “Transaction”), subject to certain customary adjustments set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

On June 15, 2026, the Company entered into a consent (the “Consent Agreement”) to its existing credit agreement, dated April 7, 2021 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time), by and among the Company, the other loan parties party thereto, the lenders from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”) and U.S. Bank National Association, as administrative agent and collateral agent for the Lenders. The Consent Agreement provides for, among other things, consent for the Company to consummate its previously announced sale of the Business pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

The foregoing description is only a summary of the material provisions of the Consent Agreement and does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Consent Agreement, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 10.1 and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 2.01 Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets.

On June 17, 2026, the Company completed the sale of the Business to Purchaser (the “Closing”).

The material terms of the Purchase Agreement were described in Item 1.01 of the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 4, 2026, which description is incorporated herein by reference. Such description does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Purchase Agreement, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 2.1 and incorporated herein by reference.

In addition, shortly prior to the Closing, the Company designated certain of its subsidiaries that constitute the Business as unrestricted subsidiaries under the Indenture, dated as of October 7, 2020 by and among the Company, the guarantors party thereto, and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee, relating to the Company’s 4.625% Senior Notes due 2030.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(b) Pro Forma Financial Information.

The pro forma financial information required to be filed under Item 9.01(b) of this Current Report on Form 8-K will be filed by amendment to this Current Report on Form 8-K no later than four business days after the date of the Closing.

(d) Exhibits

Exhibit Number Description

2.1*

Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 2, 2026, by and among Ziff Davis, Inc., Ziff Davis, LLC and Accenture Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Ziff Davis’ Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 4, 2026 (File No. 0-25965)).

10.1*,**

Consent Agreement, dated June 15, 2026, by and among the Company, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Citibank N.A. and U.S. Bank National Association.

104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

*Certain of the schedules and exhibits to the Purchase Agreement and Consent Agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.

**Filed herewith

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Ziff Davis, Inc.

(Registrant)

Date: June 17, 2026 By: /s/ Jeremy Rossen

Jeremy Rossen

Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

EX-10.1

EX-10.1

Filename: exhibit101ziffdavis-connec.htm · Sequence: 2

Document

EXHIBIT 10.1

June 15, 2026

Reference is made to the Credit Agreement, dated as of April 7, 2021 (as the same has been amended, and as the same may be amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), by and among Ziff Davis, Inc. (the “Borrower”), the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and U.S. Bank National Association (as successor to MUFG Union Bank, N.A.), as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”) and collateral agent (the “Collateral Agent”). Each capitalized term used herein and not defined herein shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in the Credit Agreement.

The Borrower has informed the Administrative Agent and the Collateral Agent that Ziff Davis, LLC, Ziff Davis Ireland Limited and Ookla, LLC (collectively, the “Specified Sellers”) expect to sell, transfer and assign (the “Specified Sale”) (i) all of the equity interests in the Persons set forth on Schedule I hereto (the “Specified Securities”) and (ii) the Specified Irish Assets (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated March 2, 2026, between Ziff Davis, LLC, the Borrower and Accenture Inc. (the “Purchase Agreement”)). The Specified Sale is expected to close on or prior to December 2, 2026 (the date of closing, the “Specified Sale Closing Date”). The Specified Sellers are expected to receive approximately $1,200,000,000 in consideration (subject to adjustment as set forth in the Purchase Agreement) on the Specified Sale Closing Date in respect of the Specified Sale.

Pursuant to Section 6.4(c) of the Credit Agreement, the Borrower and the Restricted Subsidiaries are restricted from entering into conveyances, sales or other dispositions of all or substantially all of each such Person’s property, business or assets with any Person, except for certain dispositions to the Loan Parties or Restricted Subsidiaries permitted thereunder. In addition, pursuant to clause (iv) of Section 6.5 of the Credit Agreement the aggregate amount of the consideration for all Asset Dispositions of the Borrower and its Restricted Subsidiaries during any fiscal year shall not exceed an amount equal to the greater of (x) $30,000,000 and (y) 5.0% of EBITDA (such cap, the “Asset Disposition Cap”). The Borrower has requested that the Administrative Agent and the Lenders consent to (a) permitting the Specified Sale and the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement notwithstanding the restrictions set forth in Sections 6.4(c) and 6.5 of the Credit Agreement and (b) excluding the consideration for the Specified Sale from the Asset Disposition Cap for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026.

So long as (x) no Default or Event of Default is outstanding on the Specified Sale Closing Date immediately prior to the closing of the Specified Sale and (giving effect to the consents herein) will not occur immediately after giving effect to the Specified Sale and (y) the Specified Sale is consummated materially in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, by its execution and delivery hereof to the Administrative Agent, each of each undersigned Lender and the Administrative Agent hereby consents and agrees that

(a) the Specified Sale and the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement shall be permitted notwithstanding the restrictions set forth in Sections 6.4(c) and 6.5 of the Credit Agreement and (b) the aggregate consideration for the Specified Sale shall not be subject to the Asset Disposition Cap.

Subject to the effectiveness of the consent included in the preceding paragraph, upon the consummation of the Specified Sale on the Specified Sale Closing Date, the Collateral Agent hereby confirms that (a) pursuant to Section 8.10(b)(i) of the Credit Agreement, that its Lien upon the Specified Securities and the Collateral owned by any Released Party (as defined below) (but not the proceeds of the Specified Sale) shall be released automatically, with no further action required by the Collateral Agent or any Lender, and (b) each of Ookla, LLC, Root Wireless, Inc. and Ekahau, Inc. (collectively the “Released Parties” and individually, each a “Released Party”) is hereby released from any further liabilities or obligations as a Loan Party, a Grantor or a Guarantor, as applicable, under any Loan Document to which it is a party. Following the consummation of the Specified Sale on the Specified Sale Closing Date, the Collateral Agent (a) authorizes the Borrower or its designee to (i) file the UCC-3 termination statements attached hereto as Exhibit A in respect of the corresponding UCC financing statements previously filed against each Released Party by the Collateral Agent, and (ii) file the partial releases attached hereto as Exhibit B in respect of certain notices of grants of security interests in trademarks and patents made by the Released Parties and certain other parties in favor of the Collateral Agent (with such partial releases solely applying in respect of patents and trademarks owned by the Released Parties), and (b) will use commercially reasonably efforts to promptly deliver to the Borrower or its designee all stock certificates of the Released Parties and in respect of the equity interests in the Released Parties (together with related powers, if any) in the possession of the Collateral Agent, or, if such certificates are not located, shall deliver a certificate of lost securities in respect thereof to the Borrower. The Collateral Agent will, at the Borrower’s expense, execute and deliver to the Borrower such additional documents as the Borrower may reasonably request to evidence the release of the Specified Securities and the Collateral owned by any Released Party from the assignment and security interest granted under the Security Documents.

Sections 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12, and 9.19 are hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part hereof. This consent constitutes a Loan Document.

The remainder of this page intentionally is blank.

2

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as a Lender

By: /s/ Vidita J. Shah

Name:    Vidita J. Shah

Title: Vice President

Ziff Davis - Consent Signature Page

CITIBANK, N.A., as a Lender

By: /s/ Nathan Hamsik

Name:    Nathan Hamsik

Title: Director

Ziff Davis - Consent Signature Page

Agreed, acknowledged and accepted:

U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as the Administrative Agent, as the Collateral Agent and as a Lender

By: /s/ Steven J. Correll

Name: Steven J. Correll

Title: Senior Vice President

Ziff Davis - Consent Signature Page

Agreed and acknowledged:

ZIFF DAVIS, INC.

By: /s/ Jeremy Rossen

Name: Jeremy Rossen

Title: Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

Ziff Davis - Consent Signature Page

SCHEDULE I

Ookla, LLC

SpatialBuzz Limited

Ookla Middle East DMCC

Ookla Antarabangsa Sdn Bhd

Serinus42 B.V

CellRebel AB

Ekahau Oy

Ookla Ireland Limited

Root Wireless, Inc.

CellRebel Sociedad Limitada

Ekahau, Inc.

EXHIBIT A

UCC-3 Termination Statements

[attached]

Ziff Davis - Consent Signature Page

EXECUTION VERSION

EXHIBIT B

IP Releases

[attached]

Partial Release of Security Interest in Patents

This Partial Release of Security Interest in Patents, dated as of June __, 2026 (this “Release”), is made by U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION (as successor to MUFG UNION BANK, N.A.), as collateral agent (in such capacity, “Agent”) in favor of OOKLA, LLC, a Washington limited liability company (the “Grantor”).

WHEREAS, by (i) that certain Collateral Agreement, dated as of April 7, 2021, in favor of Agent (as amended, restated, or modified from time to time, the “Collateral Agreement”), and (ii) that certain related Notice of Grant of Security Interest in Patents, dated as of April 7, 2021, in favor of Agent (as amended, restated, or modified from time to time, the “Notice of Grant”; capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given to them in the Collateral Agreement), which Notice of Grant was recorded with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on April 8, 2021 at Reel 056969 Frame 0759, the Grantor granted to Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, a lien on and security interest in all of the Grantor’s right, title and interest in, to and under its Patents and its Patent Licenses (collectively, the “Patent Collateral”), including those patents listed on Schedule I hereto; and

WHEREAS, the Grantor desires Agent to release, discharge, terminate and cancel its lien on and security interest in the Patent Collateral, including, without limitation, the Patents set forth on Schedule I hereto;

NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, does hereby consent and agree as follows:

Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, their successors, legal representatives and assigns, hereby unconditionally and irrevocably (a) releases, discharges, terminates and cancels any and all of its right, title and interest in and to the Patent Collateral, including, without limitation, all United States issuances and applications for any of the following: patents and certificates of invention, or similar industrial property rights, and applications for any of the foregoing, including, but not limited to: (i) each patent and patent application listed or required to be listed in Schedule I hereto, (ii) all reissues, divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, extensions, renewals, and reexaminations thereof, (iii) all patentable inventions and improvements thereto, (iv) all rights to sue or otherwise recover for any past, present and future infringement or other violation thereof, (v) all Proceeds of the foregoing, including, without limitation, license fees, royalties, income, payments, claims, damages, and proceeds of suit now or hereafter due and/or payable with respect thereto, and (vi) all other rights of any kind accruing thereunder or pertaining thereto throughout the world, (b) agrees that any and all right, title and interest of Agent in, to or under the Patent Collateral shall hereby terminate, cease and become void, and (c) assigns, transfers and conveys to Grantor any and all of its rights, title and interests in the Patent Collateral.

The Agent authorizes and requests that the Commissioner for Patents of the United States Patent and Trademark Office and any other applicable government officer or authority record this Release.

Agent agrees to take all further actions, and provide the Grantor with any information, cooperation and assistance, including, without limitation, the execution and delivery of any and all further instruments, authorizations, documentation and release forms as the Grantor or its successor, assign or legal representative may reasonably request to confirm, effectuate and record this Release and the termination, cancellation and release of the security interest and any right, title or interest of Agent in, to or under the Patent Collateral at Grantor’s sole cost and expense.

This Release and the rights and obligations of the parties hereto shall be governed by, and construed and interpreted in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Blank; Signature Page Follows]

U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Collateral Agent

By: /s/ Steven J. Correll

Name: Steven J. Correll

Title: Senior Vice President

[Partial Release of Security Interest in Patents]

EXECUTION VERSION

Schedule I

Title

Application No.

Filing Date

Patent No./ Pub No.

Issue Date/ Pub Date

Record Owner

Systems and methods for network performance forecasting

14/172686

2/4/2014

9439081

9/6/2016

Ookla, LLC

Wireless Network Service Assessment

16/381,961

4/11/2019

10567922

2/18/2020

Ookla, LLC

Wireless Network Service Assessment

16/790,914

2/14/2020

20200186971

6/11/2020

Ookla, LLC

Wireless Network Service Assessment

16/792,652

2/17/2020

20200336862

10/22/2020

Ookla, LLC

Wireless network service assessment

16/381961

4/11/2019

10567922

2/18/2020

Ookla, LLC

Wireless network service assessment

16/790914

2/14/2020

20200186971

6/11/2020

Ookla, LLC

Wireless network service assessment

16/792652

2/17/2020

20200336862

10/22/2020

Ookla, LLC

Partial Release of Security Interest in Trademarks

This Partial Release of Security Interest in Trademarks, dated as of June __, 2026 (this “Release”), is made by U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION (as successor to MUFG UNION BANK, N.A.), as collateral agent (in such capacity, “Agent”) in favor of OOKLA, LLC, a Washington limited liability company (the “Grantor”).

WHEREAS, by (i) that certain Collateral Agreement, dated as of April 7, 2021, in favor of Agent (as amended, restated, or modified from time to time, the “Collateral Agreement”), and (ii) that certain related Notice of Grant of Security Interests in Trademarks, dated as of April 7, 2021, in favor of Agent (as amended, restated, or modified from time to time, the “Notice of Grant”; capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given to them in the Collateral Agreement), which Notice of Grant was recorded with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on April 12, 2021 at Reel 7252 Frame 0635, the Grantor granted to Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, a lien on and security interest in all of the Grantor’s right, title and interest in, to and under their Trademarks and their Trademark Licenses (collectively, the “Trademark Collateral”), including those trademarks listed on Schedule I hereto; and

WHEREAS, the Grantor desires Agent to release, discharge, terminate and cancel its lien on and security interest in the Trademark Collateral of the Grantor, including, without limitation, the Trademarks set forth on Schedule I hereto;

NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, does hereby consent and agree as follows:

Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, their successors, legal representatives and assigns, hereby unconditionally and irrevocably (a) releases, discharges, terminates and cancels any and all of its right, title and interest in and to the Trademark Collateral of the Grantor, including, without limitation, all United States registrations and applications for any of the following: trademarks, trade names, trade dress, corporate names, company names, business names, fictitious business names, Internet domain names, service marks, certification marks, collective marks, logos, other source or business identifiers, designs and general intangibles of a like nature, whether or not registered, and with respect to any and all of the foregoing: (i) all registrations and applications therefor including, without limitation, the registrations and applications listed or required to be listed in Schedule I hereto, (ii) all extensions or renewals of any of the foregoing, (iii) all of the goodwill of the business connected with the use of and symbolized by any of the foregoing, (iv) all rights to sue or otherwise recover for any past, present and future infringement, dilution or other violation of any of the foregoing or for any injury to the related goodwill, (v) all Proceeds of the foregoing, including, without limitation, license fees, royalties, income, payments, claims, damages, and proceeds of suit now or hereafter due and/or payable with respect thereto, and (vi) all other rights of any kind accruing thereunder

or pertaining thereto throughout the world, (b) agrees that any and all right, title and interest of Agent in, to or under the Trademark Collateral shall hereby terminate, cease and become void, and (c) assigns, transfers and conveys to the Grantor any and all of its rights, title and interests in the Trademark Collateral.

The Agent authorizes and requests that the Commissioner for Trademarks of the United States Patent and Trademark Office and any other applicable government officer or authority record this Release.

Agent agrees to take all further actions, and provide the Grantor with any information, cooperation and assistance, including, without limitation, the execution and delivery of any and all further instruments, authorizations, documentation and release forms as the Grantor or its successor, assign or legal representative may reasonably request to confirm, effectuate and record this Release and the termination, cancellation and release of the security interest and any right, title or interest of Agent in, to or under the Trademark Collateral at the Grantor’s sole cost and expense.

This Release and the rights and obligations of the parties hereto shall be governed by, and construed and interpreted in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.

[Remainder of Page Intentionally Blank; Signature Page Follows]

U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Collateral Agent

By: /s/ Steven J. Correll

Name: Steven J. Correll

Title: Senior Vice President

[Partial Release of Security Interest in Trademarks]

Schedule I

Trademark Registrations and Applications

Mark

Serial No.

Filing Date

Reg. No.

Reg. Date

Registered Owner

DOWNDETECTOR

88280726

29-Jan-19

5839013

20-Aug-19

Ookla, LLC

OOKLA & Design

87413770

17-Apr-17

5306685

10-Oct-17

Ookla, LLC

Gauge Design

86711044

31-Jul-15

4913264

8-Mar-16

Ookla, LLC

SPEEDTEST & Design

86797233

23-Oct-15

4982850

21-Jun-16

Ookla, LLC

SPEEDTEST INTELLIGENCE

86712861

3-Aug-15

5056423

4-Oct-16

Ookla, LLC

SPEEDTEST

85975704

16-Jun-10

4047266

25-Oct-11

Ookla, LLC

OOKLA

85015491

16-Apr-10

3988191

5-Jul-11

Ookla, LLC

OOKLA

85015486

16-Apr-10

4239996

13-Nov-12

Ookla, LLC

[Partial Release of Security Interest in Trademarks]

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Jun. 08, 2026

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DE

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Entity Address, Address Line One

360 Park Ave S.,

Entity Address, Address Line Two

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The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

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- Definition

The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

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- Definition

Local phone number for entity.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

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- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 13e

-Subsection 4c

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- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 14d

-Subsection 2b

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- Definition

Title of a 12(b) registered security.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b

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- Definition

Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection d1-1

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Name:

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Namespace Prefix:

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Data Type:

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Balance Type:

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- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 14a

-Subsection 12

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- Definition

Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

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Namespace Prefix:

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Data Type:

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Balance Type:

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Period Type:

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- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Securities Act

-Number 230

-Section 425

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