Form 8-K

8-K — Alto Neuroscience, Inc.

Accession: 0001104659-26-038593

Filed: 2026-04-01

Period: 2026-04-01

CIK: 0001999480

SIC: 2834 (PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS)

Item: Other Events

Item: Financial Statements and Exhibits

Documents

8-K — tm2610746d1_8k.htm (Primary)

EX-99.1 — EXHIBIT 99.1 (tm2610746d1_ex99-1.htm)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):

April 1, 2026

ALTO NEUROSCIENCE, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its

Charter)

Delaware

001-41944

83-4210124

(State or Other Jurisdiction

of Incorporation)

(Commission

File Number)

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

650 Castro Street, Suite 450, Mountain View, CA

94041

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including

area code: (650) 200-0412

N/A

(Former name or former address, if changed since

last report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended

to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

Written communications pursuant

to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under

the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under

the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under

the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the

Act:

Title of each class

Trading

Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange

on which registered

Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share

ANRO

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant

is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging

growth company x

an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying

with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Item 8.01

Other Events.

On April 1, 2026, Alto Neuroscience, Inc.

issued a press release entitled “Alto Neuroscience Reports Topline Data from Phase 2 Proof-of-Concept Study of ALTO-101 and Highlights

Pipeline Advancements.” The full text of the press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K

and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9.01

Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits.

Exhibit

No.

Description

99.1

Press

Release of Alto Neuroscience, Inc.

104

Cover

Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,

the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

ALTO NEUROSCIENCE, INC.

Dated: April 1, 2026

By:

/s/ Amit Etkin

Amit Etkin, M.D., Ph.D.

President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-99.1 — EXHIBIT 99.1

EX-99.1

Filename: tm2610746d1_ex99-1.htm · Sequence: 2

Exhibit 99.1

Alto Neuroscience

Reports Topline Data from Phase 2 Proof-of-Concept Study of ALTO-101 and Highlights Pipeline Advancements

— In the

proof-of-concept study, ALTO-101 did not achieve statistical significance on primary endpoint; signals observed across EEG measures including

near-significant improvement in theta-ITC (p=0.052) —

— Alto

has developed a modified-release, once-daily oral formulation of ALTO-101; the Company plans to explore partnering opportunities for

this formulation —

— Development

of ALTO-207 remains the top priority for the Company; Phase 2b on track to initiate in 1H 2026 —

MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., April 1,

2026 — Alto Neuroscience, Inc. (NYSE: ANRO), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on precision medicines for

neuropsychiatric disorders, today announced topline data from its Phase 2 proof-of-concept (POC) clinical trial evaluating ALTO-101 for

the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS), and provided an update on the Company's pipeline and prioritization.

ALTO-101 did not achieve

statistical significance on primary electroencephalography (EEG) or cognitive endpoints versus placebo; however, the study

demonstrated directional improvements across certain EEG measures, including a near-significant effect on theta-ITC (n=83, d=0.34,

p=0.052) – a measure correlated with cognitive performance across datasets. In a pre-specified analysis in a more cognitively

impaired subgroup (n=59), ALTO-101 exhibited nominally significant effects on theta-ITC compared to placebo (d=0.44, p=0.03). Further,

certain EEG measures, including theta-ITC, showed improvements from day 5 to day 10 in the trial, suggesting a longer treatment

period may elucidate greater effects. ALTO-101 demonstrated a favorable tolerability profile, with rates of nausea and vomiting

— hallmark side effects associated with the PDE4 inhibitor class — in line with placebo rates. This finding suggests the

pharmacokinetic profile of ALTO-101 may overcome a key tolerability barrier that has historically limited PDE4 inhibitor adoption.

High rates of application site skin reactions were observed across both active and placebo arms.

Separately, the Company has developed

a modified-release oral formulation of ALTO-101 that has demonstrated an improved pharmacokinetic and tolerability profile relative to

the immediate-release formulation. Alto believes this formulation may offer potential benefits across multiple therapeutic areas and

intends to explore partnering opportunities. The formulation is covered by a pending patent application.

Based on these results, the Company

does not plan to independently advance ALTO-101 in CIAS and will instead prioritize resources toward its lead program, ALTO-207, while

exploring strategic partnering opportunities for ALTO-101. The Company expects to present more data from this study at a future medical

conference.

"While we are disappointed that

the ALTO-101 data did not deliver the signal we were seeking, it is an exploratory program, and we remain heavily focused on ALTO-207,

our most advanced program in development for treatment -resistant depression – which is supported by strong prior clinical data

and external validation," said Amit Etkin, M.D., Ph.D., founder and chief executive officer of Alto Neuroscience. "We appreciate

the commitment of the patients and clinical teams who participated in the ALTO-101 trial. We are excited about our oral, modified-release

formulation of ALTO-101 to potentially provide benefit to patients, and we intend to seek partnering opportunities to drive future value

for this program.”

“Alto enters this moment from

a position of real strength: we have multiple clinical programs advancing, a $275 million cash position, and ALTO-207 — which we

believe is one of the most compelling and independently validated mechanisms in psychiatry — on track to imminently enter a Phase

2b trial. Our focus remains squarely on executing for patients and shareholders across our pipeline."

ALTO-207 in Treatment-Resistant Depression

Alto's most advanced and differentiated

program, ALTO-207, remains on track to initiate a Phase 2b clinical trial in the first half of 2026. ALTO-207 is a fixed-dose combination

of pramipexole (a dopamine D3/D2 agonist) and ondansetron (a 5-HT3 antagonist), designed to enable rapid titration to higher pramipexole

doses by mitigating dose-limiting nausea and vomiting. The planned Phase 2b trial is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

evaluating ALTO-207 as an adjunctive treatment in approximately 178 adults with treatment-resistant depression who have experienced two

to five prior treatment failures.

The core mechanism of ALTO-207 is supported

by the PAX-D study, published in The Lancet Psychiatry and conducted by the University of Oxford, which demonstrated a Cohen's d=0.87

effect size for pramipexole versus placebo at 12 weeks — substantially larger than the effect sizes observed for current approved

treatment resistant depression (TRD) treatments. The Phase 2a trial of ALTO-207 met primary and secondary endpoints. Following a successful

FDA meeting in 2025, Alto is positioned to advance ALTO-207 through Phase 3 and a potential NDA submission.

About Alto Neuroscience

Alto Neuroscience is a clinical-stage

biopharmaceutical company with a mission to redefine psychiatry by leveraging neurobiology to develop personalized and highly effective

treatment options. Alto’s Precision Psychiatry Platform™ measures brain biomarkers by analyzing EEG activity, neurocognitive

assessments, wearable data, and other factors to better identify which patients are more likely to respond to Alto product candidates.

Alto’s clinical-stage pipeline includes novel drug candidates in bipolar depression, major depressive disorder, treatment resistant

depression, schizophrenia, and other mental health conditions. For more information, visit www.altoneuroscience.com or follow

Alto on X.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release may contain forward-looking

statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may

be identified by words such as “aims,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,”

“expects,” “forecasts,” “goal,” “intends,” “look forward,” “may,”

“plans,” “possible,” “potential,” “seeks,” “will,” and variations of these

words or similar expressions that are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain

these words. Forward-looking statements in this press release include, but are not limited to, statements regarding Alto’s expectations

about the potential benefits, activity, effectiveness, tolerability and safety of its product candidates and Precision Psychiatry Platform

(“Platform”); Alto’s expectations with regard to the general design and results of its research and development programs

and clinical trials; Alto’s clinical development plans for its product candidates, including the timing or likelihood of approvals

for its product candidates; Alto’s business strategy, financial position and the sufficiency of its financial resources to fund

its operations through expected milestones. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations

disclosed in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including uncertainties inherent in the initiation, progress

and completion of clinical trials and development of Alto’s product candidates, and other important factors, any of which could

cause Alto’s actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, which are described in greater detail

in the section titled “Risk Factors” in Alto’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,

2025 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as well as in other filings Alto may make with the SEC in

the future. Any forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date hereof, and Alto expressly disclaims

any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether because of any new information, future events, changed

circumstances or otherwise, except as required by law.

Availability of Information on Alto’s

Website

Alto routinely uses its investor

relations website to post presentations to investors and other important information, including information that may be

material. Accordingly, Alto encourages investors and others interested in Alto to review the information it makes public on its

investor relations website.

Investor and Media Contact:

Nick Smith

investors@altoneuroscience.com

media@altoneuroscience.com

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