Form 8-K
8-K — CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. /MO/
Accession: 0001104659-26-086302
Filed: 2026-07-23
Period: 2026-07-23
CIK: 0001091667
SIC: 4841 (CABLE & OTHER PAY TELEVISION SERVICES)
Item: Regulation FD Disclosure
Item: Other Events
Item: Financial Statements and Exhibits
Documents
8-K — tm2621145d1_8k.htm (Primary)
EX-99.1 — EXHIBIT 99.1 (tm2621145d1_ex99-1.htm)
EX-99.2 — EXHIBIT 99.2 (tm2621145d1_ex99-2.htm)
EX-99.3 — EXHIBIT 99.3 (tm2621145d1_ex99-3.htm)
EX-99.4 — EXHIBIT 99.4 (tm2621145d1_ex99-4.htm)
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8-K — FORM 8-K
8-K (Primary)
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2026-07-23
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
Current Report
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
Date
of Report (Date of earliest event reported): July 23, 2026
Charter Communications, Inc.
CCO Holdings, LLC
CCO Holdings Capital Corp.
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation
or organization)
001-33664
84-1496755
001-37789
86-1067239
333-112593-01
20-0257904
(Commission File Number)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
400 Washington Blvd.
Stamford, Connecticut 06902
(Address of principal executive offices including
zip code)
(203) 905-7801
(Registrant’s telephone number, including
area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since
last report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended
to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
¨ Written
communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
¨ Soliciting
material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
¨ Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
¨ Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title
of each class
Trading
Symbol(s)
Name
of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $.001 Par Value
CHTR
NASDAQ Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405
of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b- 2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the
registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards
provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Co-Registrant CIK
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Co-Registrant Form Type
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Co-Registrant DocumentPeriodEndDate
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Incorporate State Country Code
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Co-Registrant Written Communications
false
Co-Registrant Solicitating Materials
false
Co-Registrant PreCommencement Tender Offer
false
Co-Registrant PreCommencement Issuer Tender Offer
false
Co-Registrant AddressLine1
400 Washington Blvd.
Co-Registrant City or Town
Stamford
Co-Registrant State
Connecticut
Co-Registrant Postal Zip code
06901
Co-Registrant City area code
203
Co-Registrant Local Phone number
905-7801
Co-Registrant Emerging Growth Company
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Co-Registrant CIK
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Co-Registrant DocumentPeriodEndDate
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Incorporate State Country Code
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Co-Registrant PreCommencement Tender Offer
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Co-Registrant PreCommencement Issuer Tender Offer
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Co-Registrant AddressLine1
400 Washington Blvd.
Co-Registrant City or Town
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Co-Registrant State
Connecticut
Co-Registrant Postal Zip code
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Co-Registrant City area code
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Co-Registrant Local Phone number
905-7801
Co-Registrant Emerging Growth Company
false
ITEM 7.01. REGULATION FD DISCLOSURE.
On July 23, 2026, Charter
Communications, Inc. (the “Charter”) announced that its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Charter Communications Operating, LLC (“CCO”)
and Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp. (together with CCO, the “Issuers”) commenced (a) a private offer to exchange
(the “Pool 1 Offer”) the outstanding (i) 3.500% Senior Secured Notes due 2042 (“Old 2042 Notes”), (ii) 3.500%
Senior Secured Notes due 2041 (“Old 2041 Notes”), (iii) 4.500% senior debentures due 2042 (“Old 2042 Debentures”),
(iv) 5.375% Senior Secured Notes due 2047 (“Old 2047 Notes”), (v) 2.300% Senior Secured Notes due 2032 (“Old 2032 Notes”),
(vi) 2.800% Senior Secured Notes due 2031 (“Old 2031 Notes”), and (vii) 2.250% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 (“Old 2029
Notes” and, together with the Old 2042 Notes, the Old 2041 Notes, the Old 2042 Debentures, the Old 2047 Notes, the Old 2032 Notes,
the Old 2031 Notes, the “Pool 1 Notes”) issued by the Issuers or Time Warner Cable, LLC, as applicable, for a combination
of cash consideration and up to $1,750,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of a new series of Senior Secured Notes due 2038 (the
“New 2038 Notes”) to be issued by the Issuers with registration rights and (b) a private offer to exchange (the “Pool
2 Offer” and, together with the Pool 1 Offer, the “Exchange Offers”) the outstanding (i) 3.700% senior
secured notes due 2051 (“Old 2051 Notes”), (ii) 3.900% senior secured notes due 2052 (“Old 2052 Notes”), (iii)
4.800% Senior Secured Notes due 2050 (“Old 2050 Notes”), (iv) 5.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2049 (“Old 2049 Notes”),
and (v) 5.250% Senior Secured Notes due 2053 (“Old 2053 Notes” and, together with the Old 2051 Notes, the Old 2052 Notes,
Old 2050 Notes and Old 2049 Notes, the “Pool 2 Notes” and, together with the Pool 1 Notes, the “Old Notes”) issued
by the Issuers for a combination of cash consideration and up to $1,750,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of a new series of Senior
Secured Notes due 2041 (the “New 2041 Notes” and, together with the New 2038 Notes, the “New Notes”) to
be issued by the Issuers with registration rights.
The complete terms and conditions
of the Exchange Offers are set forth in an offering memorandum dated July 23, 2026 that will be sent to eligible holders of the Old
Notes. Holders of Old Notes validly tendered and accepted pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Offers will receive the consideration
plus Accrued Interest for such Old Notes, as determined in the manner described in the Offering Memorandum. The Exchange Offers will expire
at 5:00 PM New York City time, on August 20, 2026, unless extended or earlier terminated (the “Expiration Date”).
The New Notes have not been
registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or any other applicable securities
laws. Therefore, the New Notes may not be offered or sold except pursuant to an exemption from or in a transaction not subject to the
registration requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable state securities laws.
The information contained
in this Current Report on Form 8-K shall not be deemed “filed” for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section. Further, such information shall not be deemed incorporated
by reference into any reports or filings with the Securities Exchange Commission, whether made before or after the date hereof, except
as expressly set forth by specific reference in such report or filing.
A press release announcing
the Exchange Offers is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated by reference herein.
ITEM 8.01. OTHER EVENTS.
As previously disclosed, on
May 16, 2025, Charter entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Cox Communications Transaction Agreement”) by and among Charter,
Charter Communications Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and subsidiary of Charter (“Charter Holdings”),
and Cox Enterprises, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Cox Enterprises”), pursuant to which (i) Cox Enterprises will sell and
transfer to Charter 100% of the equity interests of certain subsidiaries of Cox Communications, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Cox
Enterprises (“Cox Communications”), that conduct Cox Communications’ commercial fiber and managed IT and cloud services
businesses, (ii) Cox Enterprises will contribute the equity interests of Cox Communications (after its conversion into a limited liability
company pursuant to a preclosing restructuring) and certain other assets (other than certain excluded assets) primarily related to Cox
Communications’ residential cable business to Charter Holdings and (iii) Cox Enterprises will pay $1.00 to Charter (the transactions
described in clauses (i)-(iii), collectively, the “Cox Transactions”).
Charter is filing this Current
Report on Form 8-K to provide the (i) audited consolidated financial statements of Cox Communications as of December 31, 2025 and 2024,
and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes thereto, (ii) unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements of Cox Communications as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and (iii) certain pro forma
financial information regarding the Cox Transactions as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and for the year ended December
31, 2025. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and for
the year ended December 31, 2025 are intended to reflect the impact of the Cox Transactions on the consolidated financial statements of
Charter as if the Cox Transactions had occurred as of March 31, 2026 for the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet and
as of January 1, 2025 for the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations.
Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d) Exhibits.
Exhibit
No.
Description
99.1
Press Release, dated July 23, 2026.
99.2
Audited consolidated financial statements of Cox Communications as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, and the accompanying notes thereto
99.3
Unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Cox Communications, Inc. as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and the accompanying notes thereto.
99.4
Unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements of Charter Communications, Inc. as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and for the year ended December 31, 2025, and the accompanying notes thereto.
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, each of Charter Communications, Inc., CCO Holdings, LLC and CCO Holdings Capital Corp. has duly caused
this Current Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS,
INC.
Registrant
By:
/s/ Kevin D. Howard
Kevin D. Howard
Date: July 23, 2026
Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller
CCO Holdings, LLC
Registrant
By:
/s/ Kevin D. Howard
Kevin D. Howard
Date: July 23, 2026
Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller
CCO Holdings Capital Corp.
Registrant
By:
/s/ Kevin D. Howard
Kevin D. Howard
Date: July 23, 2026
Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller
EX-99.1 — EXHIBIT 99.1
EX-99.1
Filename: tm2621145d1_ex99-1.htm · Sequence: 2
Exhibit 99.1
Charter Announces Debt Exchange Offers
STAMFORD, Connecticut - July
23, 2026 - Charter Communications, Inc. (NASDAQ: CHTR) (along with its subsidiaries, “Charter”) announced today
the commencement by its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Charter Communications Operating, LLC (“CCO”), Charter Communications Operating
Capital Corp. (“CCO Capital” and, together with CCO, collectively, the “CCO Issuers” or the “Company”)
and Time Warner Cable, LLC (the “TWC Issuer” and, together with CCO Issuers, the “Old Notes Issuers”) of a private
offer to exchange (the “Pool 1 Offer”) seven series of notes issued by the CCO Issuers or the TWC Issuer, as applicable (collectively,
the “Pool 1 Notes”), for a combination of cash consideration and a new series of Senior Secured Notes due 2038 (the “New
2038 Notes”) to be issued by the CCO Issuers with registration rights, as described and for the consideration summarized in the
table below. The aggregate principal amount of Pool 1 Notes of each series that are accepted for exchange will be based on, among other
things, the order of acceptance priority for such series as set forth in the table below and, with respect to the 4.500% senior debentures
due 2042 issued by the TWC Issuer (the “4.500% Notes”), the sub-cap with respect to the aggregate principal amount of such
series set forth in the table below (the “4.500% Notes Sub-Cap”), such that the aggregate principal amount of Pool 1 Notes
accepted in the Pool 1 Offer results in the issuance of New 2038 Notes in an amount not exceeding $1,750,000,000 (the “New 2038
Notes Cap”).
Issuer(s)
Title of
Security
Aggregate
Principal
Amount
Outstanding
CUSIP No./
ISIN(1)
Acceptance
Priority
Level(2)
Sub-Cap(2)
Reference
Treasury
Bloomberg
Reference
Page(3)
Fixed
Spread
(Basis
Points)
Early
Exchange
Premium(4)(5)
Cash
Component(6)
CCO Issuers
3.500% senior secured notes due 2042
$1,236,000,000
161175CE2 / US161175CE27
1
N/A
5.000% due May 15, 2046
FIT 1
+165 Bps
$50.00
$95.00
3.500% senior secured notes due 2041
$1,479,000,000
161175BZ6 / US161175BZ64
2
N/A
4.375% due May 15, 2036
FIT 1
+215 Bps
$50.00
$130.00
Time Warner Cable, LLC (“TWC Issuer” or “TWC”)
4.500% senior debentures due 2042
$1,250,000,000
88732JBD9 / US88732JBD90
3
$450,000,000
5.000% due May 15, 2046
FIT 1
+190 Bps
$50.00
$305.00
CCO Issuers
5.375% senior secured notes due 2047
$2,265,000,000
161175BL7 / US161175BL78
161175BD5 /
US161175BD52
4
N/A
5.000% due May 15, 2046
FIT 1
+215 Bps
$50.00
$120.00
2.300% senior secured notes due 2032
$1,000,000,000
161175BX1 / US161175BX17
5
N/A
4.125% due June 30, 2031
FIT 1
+110 Bps
$50.00
$0.00
2.800% senior secured notes due 2031
$1,590,000,000
161175BU7 / US161175BU77
6
N/A
4.125% due June 30, 2031
FIT 1
+110 Bps
$50.00
$0.00
2.250% senior secured notes due 2029
$1,250,000,000
161175CD4 / US161175CD44
7
N/A
4.125% due July 15, 2029
FIT 1
+80 Bps
$50.00
$0.00
(1) No representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP or ISIN numbers listed in the Offering Memorandum (as defined
below). Such CUSIP and ISIN numbers are provided solely for the convenience of the holders of Pool 1 Notes.
(2) Subject to the New 2038 Notes Cap and, solely with respect to the 4.500% Notes, the 4.500% Notes Sub-Cap set forth in this table and
proration, the principal amount of each series of Pool 1 Notes that is purchased in the Pool 1 Offer will be determined in accordance
with the applicable Acceptance Priority Level (in numerical priority order with 1 being the highest Acceptance Priority Level and 7 being
the lowest) specified in this column.
(3) The Bloomberg Reference Page/Screen is provided for convenience only. To the extent any Bloomberg Reference Page/Screen changes prior
to the Pricing Time (as defined below), the Joint-Lead Dealer Managers referred to below will quote the applicable Reference Treasury
Security from the updated Bloomberg Reference Page/Screen.
(4) Per $1,000 principal amount of the Pool 1 Notes validly tendered prior to or at the Early Tender Date (and not validly withdrawn at
or prior to the Withdrawal Deadline (as defined below)) and accepted for exchange, to be paid in the form of New 2038 Notes.
(5) The Total Exchange Consideration (as defined below) for the Pool 1 Notes validly tendered prior to or at the Early Tender Date (and
not validly withdrawn at or prior to the Withdrawal Deadline) and accepted for exchange is inclusive of the Early Exchange Premium.
(6) Represents the portion of the Total Exchange Consideration or the Base Exchange Consideration in each case for the Pool 1 Notes, as
applicable, that will be payable in cash per $1,000 principal amount of Pool 1 Notes validly tendered and accepted for exchange.
Charter also announced today
the commencement by CCO Issuers of a private offer to exchange (the “Pool 2 Offer”) five series of notes (collectively, the
“Pool 2 Notes” and, together with the Pool 1 Notes, the “Old Notes” and each series of Old Notes, a “series
of Old Notes”) for a combination of cash and a new series of Senior Secured Notes due 2041 (the “New 2041 Notes” and,
together with the New 2038 Notes, the “New Notes” and each series of New Notes, a “series of New Notes”) to be
issued by the CCO Issuers with registration rights, as described and for the consideration summarized in the table below. The aggregate
principal amount of Pool 2 Notes of each series that are accepted for exchange will be based on, among other things, the order of acceptance
priority for such series as set forth in the table below, such that the aggregate principal amount of Pool 2 Notes accepted in the Pool
2 Offer results in the issuance of New 2041 Notes in an amount not exceeding $1,750,000,000 (the “New 2041 Notes Cap”).
Issuer(s)
Title of
Security
Aggregate
Principal
Amount
Outstanding
CUSIP No./
ISIN(1)
Acceptance
Priority
Level(2)
Sub-Cap(2)
Reference
Treasury
Bloomberg
Reference
Page(3)
Fixed
Spread
(Basis
Points)
Early
Exchange
Premium(4)(5)
Cash
Component(6)
CCO Issuers
3.700% senior secured notes due 2051
$2,050,000,000
161175BV5 / US161175BV50
1
N/A
4.750% due February 15, 2056
FIT 1
+190 Bps
$50.00
$0.00
3.900% senior secured notes due 2052
$2,400,000,000
161175CA0 / US161175CA05
2
N/A
4.750% due February 15, 2056
FIT 1
+195 Bps
$50.00
$0.00
4.800% senior secured notes due 2050
$2,473,000,000
161175BT0 / US161175BT05
3
N/A
4.750% due February 15, 2056
FIT 1
+205 Bps
$50.00
$117.50
5.125% senior secured notes due 2049
$1,244,000,000
161175BS2 / US161175BS22
4
N/A
5.000% due May 15, 2046
FIT 1
+220 Bps
$50.00
$150.00
5.250% senior secured notes due 2053
$1,500,000,000
161175CK8 / US161175CK86
5
N/A
4.750% due February 15, 2056
FIT 1
+210 Bps
$50.00
$190.00
2
(1) No representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP or ISIN numbers listed in the Offering Memorandum. Such CUSIP
and ISIN numbers are provided solely for the convenience of the holders of Pool 2 Notes.
(2) Subject to the New 2041 Notes Cap and, the principal amount of each series of Pool 2 Notes that is purchased in the Pool 2 Offer will
be determined in accordance with the applicable Acceptance Priority Level (in numerical priority order with 1 being the highest Acceptance
Priority Level and 5 being the lowest) specified in this column.
(3) The Bloomberg Reference Page/Screen is provided for convenience only. To the extent any Bloomberg Reference Page/Screen changes prior
to the Pricing Time, the Joint-Lead Dealer Managers referred to below will quote the applicable Reference Treasury Security from the updated
Bloomberg Reference Page/Screen.
(4) Per $1,000 principal amount of the Pool 2 Notes validly tendered prior to or at the Early Tender Date (and not validly withdrawn at
or prior to the Withdrawal Deadline) and accepted for exchange, to be paid in the form of New 2041 Notes.
(5) The Total Exchange Consideration for the Pool 2 Notes validly tendered prior to or at the Early Tender Date (and not validly withdrawn
at or prior to the Withdrawal Deadline) and accepted for exchange is inclusive of the Early Exchange Premium.
(6) Represents the portion of the Total Exchange Consideration or the Base Exchange Consideration in each case for the Pool 2 Notes, as
applicable, that will be payable in cash per $1,000 principal amount of Pool 2 Notes validly tendered and accepted for exchange.
Eligible Holders (as defined
below) of Old Notes who validly tendered at or prior to the Early Tender Date (and not validly withdrawn at or prior to the Withdrawal
Deadline), and whose Old Notes are accepted pursuant to the terms of the applicable Exchange Offers, will receive the Total Exchange Consideration.
The Total Exchange Consideration (which includes the Early Exchange Premium) for each $1,000 principal amount of Old Notes validly tendered
at or prior to the Early Tender Date (and not validly withdrawn at or prior to the Withdrawal Deadline) and accepted for exchange pursuant
to the terms of the applicable Exchange Offers will be divided into (i) a cash payment equal to the applicable Cash Component and (ii)
a principal amount of the applicable series of New Notes equal to the Total Exchange Consideration of the series of outstanding Old Notes
tendered minus such Cash Component. The “Total Exchange Consideration” for each $1,000 principal amount of Old Notes validly
tendered at or prior to the Early Tender Date (as defined below) (and not validly withdrawn at or prior to the Withdrawal Deadline) and
accepted for exchange pursuant to the terms of the applicable Exchange Offers will be determined in accordance with standard market practice,
as described in the Offering Memorandum using the applicable “Exchange Offer Yield,” which will be equal to the sum of (i)
the yield to maturity (the “Reference Yield”) based on the bid side price of the U.S. Treasury Security (the “Reference
U.S. Treasury Security”) specified on the tables above for each series of Old Notes, as calculated by the Joint-Lead Dealer Managers
(as defined below) at 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on August 6, 2026 (subject to certain exceptions set forth herein, such time and
date, as the same may be extended, the “Pricing Time”) appearing on the Bloomberg Reference Page specified on the front cover
of the Offering Memorandum for such series of Old Notes (or any other recognized quotation source selected by the Joint-Lead Dealer Managers
in their sole discretion if such quotation report is not available or manifestly erroneous), plus (ii) the applicable fixed spread (the
“Fixed Spread”) specified for each series of Old Notes in the tables above. The Total Exchange Consideration will include
the Early Exchange Premium.
3
The New 2038 Notes will bear
interest at a rate per annum to be determined as of the Pricing Time, as the sum of (a) the bid-side yield on the 4.375% U.S. Treasury
Notes due May 15, 2036 (the “Benchmark Security”), as calculated by the Joint-Lead Dealer Managers in accordance with
standard market practice, as of the Pricing Time as displayed on the Bloomberg Reference Page FIT 1 (or any recognized quotation source
selected by the Joint-Lead Dealer Managers in their sole discretion if the Bloomberg Reference Page FIT 1 is not available or is manifestly
erroneous), plus (b) 2.450%, rounded to the nearest 0.001%, such that the New 2038 Notes will be issued at par. The New 2041 Notes will
bear interest at a rate per annum to be determined as of the Pricing Time, as the sum of (a) the bid-side yield on the Benchmark Security,
as calculated by the Joint-Lead Dealer Managers in accordance with standard market practice, as of the Pricing Time as displayed on the
Bloomberg Reference Page FIT 1 (or any recognized quotation source selected by the Joint-Lead Dealer Managers in their sole discretion
if the Bloomberg Reference Page FIT 1 is not available or is manifestly erroneous), plus (b) 2.700%, rounded to the nearest 0.001%, such
that the New 2041 Notes will be issued at par.
Set forth below is a table
summarizing certain material terms of the New Notes:
Title of Series
Maturity Date
Benchmark Security
Spread to Benchmark
Security (bps)
New 2038 Notes
September 1, 2038
4.375% UST due May 15, 2036
245
New 2041 Notes
September 1, 2041
4.375% UST due May 15, 2036
270
Eligible Holders of Old Notes
who validly tendered after the Early Tender Date but on or prior to the Expiration Date, and whose Old Notes are accepted pursuant to
the terms of the applicable Exchange Offers, will receive the Base Exchange Consideration. The Base Exchange Consideration for each series
of Old Notes validly tendered and accepted for exchange pursuant to the Exchange Offers will equal the Total Exchange Consideration for
such series of Old Notes minus the applicable Early Exchange Premium for such series of Old Notes.
In addition, Eligible Holders
of Old Notes who validly tendered their Old Notes on or prior to the Expiration Date, and whose Old Notes are accepted pursuant to the
terms of the applicable Exchange Offers, will receive in cash accrued and unpaid interest from the last applicable interest payment date
to, but excluding, the date on which the exchange of such Old Notes is settled (the “Accrued Interest”), plus amounts
due in lieu of fractional amounts of New Notes. Eligible Holders who receive New Notes in exchange for Old Notes on the Final Settlement
Date (as defined below) will receive New Notes that will, if the Early Settlement Date (as defined below) has occurred, have an embedded
entitlement to pre-issuance interest for the period from, and including, the Early Settlement Date to, but not including, the Final Settlement
Date. As a result, the cash payable for Accrued Interest on the Old Notes exchanged on the Final Settlement Date will be reduced by the
amount of pre-issuance interest on the New Notes exchanged therefor.
4
The Exchange Offers are being
conducted upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in an offering memorandum, dated July 23, 2026 (the “Offering Memorandum”).
The Company reserves the right, in its sole and absolute discretion, to increase the New 2038 Notes Cap or the New 2041 Notes Cap without
extending the Withdrawal Deadline or otherwise reinstating withdrawal rights.
The consummation of each Exchange
Offer is subject to and conditioned upon the satisfaction or waiver of certain conditions, including, (i) that with respect to each series
of New Notes, at least $500,000,000 aggregate principal amount of such series of New Notes would be issued on the Early Settlement Date,
(ii) that as of the Pricing Time, the combination of the yield of the New Notes and the Total Exchange Consideration or the Base Exchange
Consideration, as applicable, for the applicable series of Old Notes would result in the New Notes and such Old Notes being treated as
“substantially different” under FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 470-50 and (iii) that with respect
to any Old Notes validly tendered pursuant to any Exchange Offer that will be exchanged on the Final Settlement Date, we determine that
the New Notes to be issued on the Final Settlement Date in such Exchange Offer will be treated as part of the same issue as the New Notes,
if any, issued on the Early Settlement Date for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Company reserves the right, in its sole discretion,
to (i) amend the terms of any Exchange Offer or (ii) waive or amend any condition described in the Offering Memorandum with respect to
any Exchange Offer, without extending the Early Tender Date or the Withdrawal Deadline or otherwise reinstating withdrawal rights for
any Exchange Offer, subject to applicable law.
Only Eligible Holders of Old
Notes who validly tender their Old Notes at or before 5:00 p.m. New York City time on August 5, 2026, subject to any extension by the
Company (the “Early Tender Date”), who do not validly withdraw their tenders and whose Old Notes are accepted for exchange,
will receive an early exchange premium as set forth in the tables above (the “Early Exchange Premium”).
The Exchange Offers will expire
at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on August 20, 2026, unless extended or earlier terminated by the Company (the “Expiration Date”).
Tenders of Old Notes submitted in the Exchange Offers at or prior to 5:00 p.m. New York City time on August 5, 2026, subject to any extension
by the Company (the “Withdrawal Deadline”), may be validly withdrawn at any time prior to the Withdrawal Deadline, but thereafter
will be irrevocable, except in certain limited circumstances where additional withdrawal rights are required by law (as determined by
the Company). Tenders submitted in the Exchange Offers after the Withdrawal Deadline will be irrevocable except in the limited circumstances
where additional withdrawal rights are required by law (as determined by the Company).
The Company reserves the right,
but is under no obligation, at any point following the Early Tender Date and before the Expiration Date, to accept for exchange any Old
Notes validly tendered at or prior to the Early Tender Date (the date of such exchange, the “Early Settlement Date”). The
Early Settlement Date will be determined at the Company’s option and is currently expected to occur on August 12, 2026, the fifth
business day immediately following the Early Tender Date. If, after the Early Tender Date, the Company choose to exercise its options
to have an Early Settlement Date and all conditions to the relevant Exchange Offers have been or are concurrently satisfied or waived
by the Company, the Old Notes Issuers will, subject to the terms of the Exchange Offers, accept for exchange all Old Notes validly tendered
in the Exchange Offers prior to the Early Tender Date subject to proration, and the exchange for such Old Notes will be made on the Early
Settlement Date.
5
The Final Settlement Date
for the Exchange Offers will be promptly after the Expiration Date and is currently expected to occur on August 24, 2026, the second business
day immediately following the Expiration Date (the “Final Settlement Date”).
The Exchange Offers are
only being made, and the New Notes and related guarantees are only being offered and will only be issued to holders of Old Notes who are
(1) reasonably believed to be “qualified institutional buyers” (“QIBs”) as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities
Act (“Rule 144A”) or (2) outside the United States to persons other than “U.S. persons” as defined in Rule 902
under the Securities Act in offshore transactions in compliance with Regulation S under the Securities Act (“Regulation S”)
(such holders, the “Eligible Holders”). Only Eligible Holders who have properly completed and returned the eligibility certification,
which is available from the Information Agent, are authorized to receive and review the Offering Memorandum and to participate in the
Exchange Offers. Additionally, in order to participate in the Exchange Offers, Eligible Holders located in Canada are required to complete,
sign and submit to the Information Agent a Canadian Eligibility Form (which is available from the Information Agent). There is no separate
letter of transmittal in connection with the offering memorandum.
The New Notes and related
guarantees have not been registered under the Securities Act or any state securities laws. Therefore, the New Notes and related guarantees
may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws.
Holders are advised to check
with any bank, securities broker or other intermediary through which they hold Old Notes as to when such intermediary needs to receive
instructions from a holder in order for that holder to be able to participate in, or (in the circumstances in which revocation is permitted)
revoke their instruction to participate in the Exchange Offers before the deadlines specified herein and in the Offering Memorandum, eligibility
certification and Canadian Eligibility Form. The deadlines set by each clearing system for the submission and withdrawal of exchange instructions
will also be earlier than the relevant deadlines specified herein and in the Offering Memorandum, eligibility certification and Canadian
Eligibility Form.
6
This press release is not
an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of the securities described herein. The Exchange Offers are being made solely
by the Offering Memorandum and only to such persons and in such jurisdictions as is permitted under applicable law.
Barclays Capital Inc., Citigroup
Global Markets Inc. and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC are serving as the dealer managers for the Exchange Offers (the “Joint Lead
Dealer Managers”). Questions regarding the Exchange Offers may be directed to Barclays Capital Inc., Liability Management Group
at (800) 438-3242 (toll free) or (212) 528-7581 (collect), Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Liability Management Group
at (800) 558-3745 (toll free) or (212) 723-6106 (collect) or Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Liability Management
Group at (800) 624-1808 (toll free) or (212) 761-1057 (collect).
D.F. King & Co., Inc.
will act as the exchange agent and information agent for the Exchange Offers. Documents relating to the Exchange Offers will only be distributed
to holders of Old Notes who certify that they are Eligible Holders. Questions or requests for assistance related to the Exchange Offers
or for additional copies of the Offering Memorandum, eligibility certification or Canadian beneficial holder form may be directed to D.F.
King & Co., Inc. at (888) 644-5854 (toll-free) or (646) 981-1289 (banks and brokers) or by email at charter@dfking.com. You may also
contact your broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee for assistance concerning the Exchange Offers. The Offering
Memorandum, eligibility certification and Canadian beneficial holder form can be accessed at the following link: www.dfking.com/charter.
About Charter
Charter Communications, Inc. (NASDAQ:CHTR) is
a leading broadband connectivity company with services available to nearly 59 million homes and small to large businesses across 41 states
through its Spectrum brand. Founded in 1993, Charter has evolved from providing cable TV to streaming, and from high-speed Internet to
a converged broadband, WiFi and mobile experience. Over the Spectrum Fiber Broadband Network and supported by our 100% U.S.-based employees,
the company offers Seamless Connectivity and Entertainment with Spectrum Internet®, Mobile, TV and Voice products.
More information about Charter can be found at corporate.charter.com.
# # #
Contact:
Media:
Analysts:
Justin Venech
Stefan Anninger
203-905-7818
203-905-7955
7
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This press release includes
forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, regarding, among other things, the Exchange Offers. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and
expectations as reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that we will achieve
or realize these plans, intentions or expectations. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions
including, without limitation, the factors described under "Risk Factors" from time to time in Charter’s filings with
the SEC. Many of the forward-looking statements contained in this press release may be identified by the use of forward-looking words
such as “believe,” “future,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “should,” “planned,”
“will,” “may,” “intend,” “estimated,” “aim,” “on track,” “target,”
“opportunity,” “tentative,” “positioning,” “designed,” “create,” “predict,”
“project,” “initiatives,” “seek,” “would,” “could,” “continue,”
“ongoing,” “upside,” “increases,” “grow,” “focused on” and “potential,”
among others.
All forward-looking statements attributable to
the Company or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. The Company
is under no duty or obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this press release.
8
EX-99.2 — EXHIBIT 99.2
EX-99.2
Filename: tm2621145d1_ex99-2.htm · Sequence: 3
Exhibit 99.2
COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Independent
Auditor’s Report
2
Consolidated
Financial Statements as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 and for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
4
Consolidated
Statements of Operations
5
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows
6
Consolidated
Statements of Changes in Equity
7
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
8
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Cox Communications, Inc.:
Opinion
We have audited the consolidated financial statements
of Cox Communications, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") (a wholly owned subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.),
which comprise the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations,
changes in equity, and cash flows for the three years then ended December 31, 2025 and the related notes to the consolidated financial
statements (collectively referred to as the "financial statements").
In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the
results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025 in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing
standards generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described
in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent
of the Company and to meet our other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audits.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
Responsibilities of Management for the Financial
Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation
and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America, and for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, management
is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's
ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.
Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of
the Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance
about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an
auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore
is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk
of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion,
forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there
is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based
on the financial statements.
In performing an audit in accordance with GAAS,
we:
● Exercise
professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.
-2-
● Identify
and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to
fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures
include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements.
● Obtain
an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures
that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion
on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.
● Evaluate
the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting
estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the financial
statements.
● Conclude
whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that
raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a
reasonable period of time.
We are required to communicate with those charged
with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal
control-related matters that we identified during the audit.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Atlanta, GA
February 27, 2026
-3-
COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31
(in millions)
2025
2024
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 64
$ 97
Accounts receivable — net of allowance of $38 and $32, respectively
657
603
Amounts due from Cox Enterprises, Inc.
4,025
4,273
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
352
310
Total current assets
5,098
5,283
Property and equipment — net
12,603
12,216
Goodwill
1,260
1,260
Intangible assets — net
11,374
17,009
Other noncurrent assets
394
513
TOTAL ASSETS
$ 30,729
$ 36,281
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable
$ 497
$ 565
Accrued labor and benefits
482
668
Accrued programming costs
180
203
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
790
792
Current portion of long-term debt
1,038
877
Total current liabilities
2,987
3,105
Long-term debt
11,474
12,323
Deferred income taxes
4,446
5,465
Other noncurrent liabilities
873
902
Total liabilities
19,780
21,795
EQUITY
Common stock, $1.00 par value; 1,000 shares authorized and 100 shares issued and outstanding
—
—
Additional paid-in capital
4,540
4,429
Retained earnings
6,409
10,057
Total equity
10,949
14,486
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
$ 30,729
$ 36,281
See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
-4-
COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2025
2024
2023
REVENUES
$ 12,531
$ 13,073
$ 13,326
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Operating costs and expenses (a)
7,543
8,134
8,261
Depreciation and amortization
2,158
2,183
2,099
Impairment of intangible assets
5,604
—
—
Other — net
192
206
(32 )
Total operating expenses
15,497
10,523
10,328
OPERATING (LOSS) INCOME
(2,966 )
2,550
2,998
NON-OPERATING EXPENSES:
Interest expense — net
(424 )
(373 )
(361 )
Investment expense — net
(58 )
(47 )
(151 )
Miscellaneous income — net
28
45
43
Total non-operating expenses
(454 )
(375 )
(469 )
(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES
(3,420 )
2,175
2,529
INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE)
772
(450 )
(626 )
NET (LOSS) INCOME
(2,648 )
1,725
1,903
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
—
—
18
NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
$ (2,648 )
$ 1,725
$ 1,921
(a) See Note 13 — Transactions with Affiliated
Companies and Related Parties for impacts associated with related parties.
See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
-5-
COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2025
2024
2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net (loss) income
$ (2,648 )
$ 1,725
$ 1,903
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
2,158
2,183
2,099
Deferred income taxes
(1,019 )
(4 )
150
Investment expense — net
58
47
151
Impairment of intangible assets
5,604
—
—
Provision for doubtful accounts
94
95
93
Restructuring and other
(65 )
180
—
Changes in certain assets and liabilities:
Increase in accounts receivable
(147 )
(128 )
(84 )
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets
(11 )
(10 )
(66 )
Decrease in accounts payable
(69 )
(66 )
—
(Decrease) increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities
(117 )
(6 )
8
Other — net
(12 )
(26 )
7
Net cash provided by operating activities
3,826
3,990
4,261
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures
(2,247 )
(2,497 )
(2,867 )
Decrease (increase) in amounts due from Cox Enterprises, Inc.
248
(2,938 )
(387 )
Acquisition — net of cash acquired
—
—
(239 )
Other — net
46
45
32
Net cash used in investing activities
(1,953 )
(5,390 )
(3,461 )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of debt
—
2,998
1,000
Repayment of debt
(885 )
(576 )
(490 )
Purchases of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests
—
—
(516 )
Dividends paid
(1,000 )
(1,000 )
(750 )
Other — net
(21 )
(45 )
(27 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(1,906 )
1,377
(783 )
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
(33 )
(23 )
17
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS — Beginning of period
97
120
103
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS — End of period
$ 64
$ 97
$ 120
See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
-6-
COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in millions)
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total
BALANCE — January 1, 2023
$ —
$ 4,814
$ 8,161
$ 52
$ 13,027
Net income (loss)
—
—
1,921
(18 )
1,903
Dividends
—
—
(750 )
—
(750 )
Purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interest — net
—
(385 )
—
(34 )
(419 )
BALANCE — December 31, 2023
—
4,429
9,332
—
13,761
Net income
—
—
1,725
—
1,725
Dividends
—
—
(1,000 )
—
(1,000 )
BALANCE — December 31, 2024
—
4,429
10,057
—
14,486
Net loss
—
—
(2,648 )
—
(2,648 )
Contribution to capital from Cox Enterprises, Inc.
—
111
—
—
111
Dividends
—
—
(1,000 )
—
(1,000 )
BALANCE — December 31, 2025
$ —
$ 4,540
$ 6,409
$ —
$ 10,949
See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
-7-
COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. DESCRIPTION
OF BUSINESS
Cox Communications, Inc. (together with
its consolidated subsidiaries, "Cox" or "the Company"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc. ("CEI"),
is committed to creating meaningful moments of human connection through technology. As the largest private broadband company in the United
States, Cox operates fiber-powered networks in more than 30 states, providing connections and advanced managed IT and cloud services
for homes and businesses. Cox Mobile, Cox's mobile phone service, is available across markets nationwide. The commercial division of
Cox, Cox Business, provides a broad commercial solutions portfolio, including advanced managed IT and cloud services and fiber-based
network solutions that support connected environments, unique hospitality experiences and diverse applications.
2. SUMMARY
OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements
have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and
include the accounts of Cox and all wholly-owned, majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances
have been eliminated in consolidation. Cox has included the results of operations of acquired companies from the date of acquisition.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements
in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates include: (i) the useful lives and recoverability
of amortizing and depreciating long-lived assets; (ii) the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets; (iii) the fair
value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations; (iv) capitalization rates for network construction and
capital activity percentages for subscriber installation costs: (v) the determination of long-term incentive compensation expense;
(vi) the determination of pension, postemployment and postretirement expense; and (vii) the accounting for income taxes. Cox
evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Estimates are evaluated based on available information and historical experience,
as well as other assumptions Cox believes reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Business Combination
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part
of a business combination are recorded at their fair value at the date of acquisition. The excess of purchase price over the fair value
of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Determining fair value of identifiable assets, particularly intangible
assets and liabilities acquired requires management to make estimates, which are based on all available information and in some cases,
assumptions, with respect to the timing and amount of future revenues and expenses associated with an asset or liability.
-8-
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior
year amounts to conform to the current year presentation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include all highly
liquid assets with maturities of three months or less at time of purchase. Cox receives day-to-day management services from CEI, with
settlements of outstanding balances between Cox and CEI occurring periodically at market interest rates. These services include the sweep
of Cox's deposited receipts into the CEI cash management system, as well as the coverage of Cox’s checks presented for payment,
inclusive of payments for acquisitions, payroll and certain other operating and capital expenditures.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance
for Credit Losses
Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable
value. Cox measures its credit losses using a current expected credit loss model. The measurement of expected credit losses is based
on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts
that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The allowance for credit losses represents Cox's best estimate of probable future
losses in the accounts receivable balance, primarily based on known troubled accounts, historical experience and other currently available
evidence. Accounts receivable are written off against the allowance when Cox believes that the receivable will not be recovered.
Activity in the allowance for credit losses was
as follows:
December 31,
(in millions)
2025
2024
2023
Balance — beginning of year
$ (32 )
$ (33 )
$ (28 )
Charged to bad debt expense
(94 )
(95 )
(93 )
Write-offs — net of recoveries
88
96
88
Balance — end of year
$ (38 )
$ (32 )
$ (33 )
-9-
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, including internally
developed software, are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the
assets' estimated useful lives. Depreciation commences on the date the assets are placed in service. Cox periodically evaluates the estimated
useful lives of its property and equipment to determine whether events or circumstances warrant revised estimates. Changes in estimated
useful lives are included prospectively in the period in which the changes occur. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs of property
and equipment are expensed as incurred.
The carrying amounts of property and equipment
and related estimated useful lives are as follows:
December 31,
(in millions, except for useful lives)
Estimated
Useful Lives
2025
2024
Transmission and distribution facilities
3 - 20 years
$ 20,464
$ 19,836
Computer hardware and software
3 - 5 years
5,394
5,209
Customer premise equipment
3 - 7 years
2,078
2,702
Finance lease assets
Various
1,220
1,028
Buildings and building improvements, including leasehold improvements
10 - 39 years (a)
1,266
1,245
Construction-in-progress
N/A
901
930
Other property and equipment
2 - 10 years
716
731
Land and land improvements
10 years
114
114
Property and equipment—at cost
$ 32,153
$ 31,795
Less accumulated depreciation
(19,550 )
(19,579 )
Property and equipment—net (b)
$ 12,603
$ 12,216
(a) Leasehold
improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the asset's estimated useful life or lease term.
(b) Includes
ROU assets under finance leases totaling $645 million and $376 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Depreciation expense, inclusive of finance lease
amortization, totaled $2.1 billion for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
Cox capitalizes costs associated with the construction
of and improvements to its cable transmission and distribution facilities, costs associated with acquiring and deploying new Cox-owned
customer premise equipment and costs associated with installation of its services in accordance with accounting guidance related to cable
television companies. Capitalized costs include all direct labor and materials, as well as certain indirect costs, which include employee
salaries and benefits, third-party labor costs, warehousing costs and transportation costs. For network construction, Cox uses standard
capitalization rates for direct labor and indirect costs. The capitalization rates are reviewed at least annually and any changes to
the estimates, which may be significant, are included prospectively in the period in which the evaluations are completed. For subscriber
installation costs, Cox uses estimated capital activity percentages related to building or rebuilding cable drop assets or deploying
new Cox-owned customer premise equipment and applies the percentages to actual direct and indirect costs incurred in the period. Costs
associated with subsequent installations of additional services are capitalized to the extent that they are directly attributable to
building or rebuilding of cable drop assets or deploying new Cox-owned customer premise equipment. Costs associated with subsequent disconnection
and reconnection services to existing customers are charged to cost of services as incurred.
-10-
Capitalization of internally developed software
costs occurs during the application development stage. Costs incurred during the preliminary project and post implementation stages,
including maintenance and training costs, are expensed as incurred. Cox also capitalizes certain costs associated with the purchase of
software licenses. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs of property and equipment are expensed as incurred.
At the time of retirements, sales or other dispositions
of property and equipment, the original cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the gains
and losses are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as other — net.
Goodwill
Valuation of Goodwill — Cox tests
goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. Cox is required to perform a goodwill impairment test annually and between annual
tests when an event or circumstance indicates that the fair value of a reporting unit may be less than its carrying amount. Goodwill
is tested for impairment as of December 31 each year. Cox has determined it has four reporting units: Residential, Commercial Core,
Fiber and Media. Cox has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the carrying
value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. Cox evaluates the impact of various factors to the expected cash flows attributable
to the reporting unit, as well as other valuation assumptions that may impact fair value, including macroeconomic and industry conditions
and the overall financial performance of the reporting unit. If the reporting unit passes the qualitative assessment, no further testing
is required. If a qualitative assessment indicates that goodwill is more-likely-than-not impaired, Cox must perform a quantitative test
to compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. The goodwill impairment amount, if any, represents
the excess of the reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting
unit.
Intangible Assets
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets —
Cox's intangible assets subject to amortization are comprised primarily of franchise renewal and contribution costs, customer relationships,
trade names and other contractual rights. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the
related agreements or estimated useful lives. Cox periodically evaluates the estimated useful lives of its finite-lived intangible assets
to determine whether events or circumstances warrant revised estimates. Any changes in estimated useful lives are included prospectively
in the period in which the changes occur.
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets —
Indefinite-lived intangible assets (primarily cable franchise value, trade names and CBRS spectrum licenses) are not amortized but
instead are tested for impairment as described below. Additionally, indefinite-lived intangible assets are reassessed each reporting
period to determine whether events or circumstances continue to support indefinite useful life classification.
Cox constructs and operates its cable systems
under nonexclusive cable franchise rights that are granted by state or local governmental authorities. Cox obtained these franchise rights
primarily through acquisitions of cable systems accounted for as business combinations.
-11-
State or local governmental authorities generally
issue cable television franchises for a fixed period, typically 10 to 15 years and those franchises are subject to renewal pursuant
to federal procedural and substantive requirements that create a significant expectation of franchise renewals. Cox has determined
that its cable franchise value has an indefinite useful life primarily because (i) there are no legal, regulatory, contractual,
competitive, economic or other factors limiting the period over which the cable franchise rights will continue to contribute to Cox's
cash flows, (ii) Cox has never had a cable franchise right revoked and has never been denied a franchise renewal, (iii) Cox's
renewal applications are granted by franchising authorities on their own merit and not as part of a comparative process with competing
applications and (iv) under the Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984, franchising authorities may not unreasonably withhold renewals
of cable system franchises. Cox will continue to reevaluate the expected life of its cable franchise rights each reporting period to
determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life.
The Cox trade name intangible asset, which represents
the value associated with the Cox business name, is deemed to have an indefinite useful life, as the asset is expected to contribute
to Cox's cash flows for the foreseeable future.
The CBRS spectrum licenses are deemed to have
an indefinite useful life because there are no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors, which limit the
period over which these rights will contribute to Cox's cash flows.
Valuation of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
— Cox tests its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually as of December 31 and between annual tests
if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. For its annual impairment test of indefinite-lived intangible
assets, Cox performs either a quantitative or qualitative assessment. In qualitatively assessing whether it is more-likely-than-not that
an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired, Cox assesses relevant events and circumstances that could affect the significant inputs
used to determine the fair value of the asset, including industry and market considerations, financial performance and legal and regulatory
factors. However, if the indefinite-lived intangible asset does not pass the qualitative assessment, then Cox will perform a quantitative
impairment test. When performing a quantitative assessment, if an asset's carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment
charge is measured and recorded in an amount equal to the excess.
Assumptions about the economy, future cash flows,
growth rates, discount rates and other inputs used in developing fair value estimates are subjective. Cox considers the assumptions it
uses in fair value estimates to be reasonable. Cox maximizes the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable
inputs. Cox's use of unobservable inputs reflects the assumptions that market participants would use and may include Cox's own data adjusted
based on reasonably available information. Changes in key estimates in future quantitative assessments, such as projected cash flows,
competitive factors, discount rates and value of market transactions, may adversely impact the results of future impairment testing and
could necessitate the recognition of an impairment charge.
Cox evaluates the unit of accounting periodically
to ensure its impairment testing is performed at an appropriate level. For the year ended December 31, 2025, Cox evaluated its cable
franchise value assets and the Cox trade name asset as one unit of accounting, and the CBRS Spectrum licenses were evaluated as three
units of accounting, to align with the way the Company anticipates the assets to be utilized.
-12-
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets
Cox evaluates long-lived assets as an asset group
at the entity level. Cox evaluates long-lived assets (including property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets) for impairment
when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate
an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset group, a significant change in the
extent or manner in which an asset group is used, or a significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an
asset group is not recoverable. For long-lived assets to be held and used, Cox recognizes an impairment loss only if an asset group's
carrying amount is not recoverable through the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition
of the asset group. The impairment loss of the asset group is measured based on the excess of the carrying amount over fair value. Fair
value is generally determined using quoted market values or discounted cash flow analyses, as applicable. Long-lived assets or asset
groups held for sale are reported at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell.
Leases
Cox determines if an arrangement is a lease at
inception. Cox’s main categories of leased asset classes include real estate, dark fiber, colocation facilities and other equipment.
Some of the leases contain escalation clauses and may also contain renewal provisions upon the expiration of the initial lease term.
Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU")
assets represent Cox’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and operating lease liabilities represent Cox’s
obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date
based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term, including any lease payments made and excluding lease incentives. The
lease terms may include options to extend or terminate when it is reasonably certain that Cox will exercise that option. As most of Cox’s
leases do not provide an implicit rate, Cox generally uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for
collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. Rent expense for operating leases is recognized
on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Cox elected to account for the lease components and non-lease components as a single lease
component and therefore, includes all fixed payments in the calculation of the operating lease ROU assets and liabilities. In addition
to fixed lease payments, certain of Cox’s lease agreements include variable lease payments, which are tied to an index or rate
such as the Consumer Price Index. Variable lease payments are not included in the calculation of the operating lease ROU assets and liabilities,
but are disclosed. For certain equipment leases, Cox applies a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease ROU
assets and liabilities. Leases with a base rental period of less than 12 months are not recorded on Cox’s Consolidated Balance
Sheet.
Cox’s primary source of lease income is
related to leases of dark fiber through its subsidiaries Unite Private Networks ("UPN") and Segra and the carrier services
division of Cox Business. Cox accounts for dark fiber leases by recognizing revenue on a straight-line basis ratably over the lease term.
Cox also has lease income through the sublease of certain real estate properties. Cox's lease revenue was $133 million, $128 million
and $129 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
-13-
Revenue Recognition
Cox's revenues by service line are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2025
2024
2023
Residential
Data
$ 5,706
$ 6,026
$ 6,079
Video
2,397
2,530
2,749
Telephony
197
235
294
Other (a)
551
549
560
Total residential
8,851
9,340
9,682
Commercial
3,472
3,417
3,365
Advertising
208
316
279
Total revenues
$ 12,531
$ 13,073
$ 13,326
(a) Other residential
revenue includes franchise, regulatory and customer late fees, service protection fees, Cox Mobile and other miscellaneous revenues.
Residential — Cox generates revenues
from subscription services to residential customers including internet, mobile, video, telephone and automation services. Cox considers
each subscription service a distinct performance obligation and recognizes revenues on a monthly basis as the subscription service is
provided. Residential contracts are generally month-to-month and customers can cancel at any time. Cox generally accounts for non-subscription
services as distinct performance obligations and recognizes the revenue when the service is provided.
Residential internet offerings include several
packages of high-speed internet with varying upload and download speeds, in-home WiFi service, out-of-home WiFi service and an internet
security suite. Residential internet revenues primarily consist of subscription service tier revenue, equipment rental and installation
revenue.
Mobile revenue consists of device sales and subscription
revenues for unlimited talk and text and two packages to pay for gig usage. Revenue for the sale of devices is recognized upon sale.
Subscription revenues for mobile are consistent with Cox's other month-to-month services described above, where customers are billed
monthly for access to and usage of Cox's mobile services.
Residential video revenues primarily consist
of subscription revenues for programming tiers, video on demand, pay per view, regulatory fees, equipment rental and installation revenue.
Residential video subscribers may add additional video services offerings such as programming tiers, premium channels and streaming apps,
in addition to non-subscription services such as video on demand programming and pay per view programming on per event pricing.
Residential telephony and automation services
are also included in the service offerings with various options for each. Residential telephony revenues primarily consist of subscription
service tier revenue, usage charges and regulatory fees. Cox offers residential smart home lighting and home automation. Automation revenues
consist of subscription services or home automation, equipment sales and installation revenues.
For all residential subscription services, Cox
determined upfront installation fees represent a material right, which provides the residential customer with the right to renew its
service at a discount. Cox is amortizing the related revenue over the expected period of benefit of six months, which Cox determined
on a portfolio basis.
-14-
Commercial — The commercial division
of Cox, Cox Business, provides a broad commercial solutions portfolio, including advanced managed IT and cloud services and fiber-based
network solutions that support connected environments, unique hospitality experiences and diverse applications.
Commercial revenues primarily consist of subscription
revenue, equipment rental, regulatory fees, usage charges and installation revenue. Cox recognizes revenues from commercial subscription
services as the services are provided on a monthly basis and each service is accounted for as a distinct performance obligation. Commercial
services are offered primarily as a subscription initially under contract. Commercial customers typically have an initial stated non-cancelable
contract term with a substantive early termination clause. Subscription rates and related charges vary according to the services and
features commercial customers receive. Commercial subscription revenue is recognized on a monthly basis as the related service is performed.
Cox recognizes commercial non-subscription services such as pay per view and video on demand and usage charges when the service is provided.
Cox determined that commercial upfront installation services are not a separate performance obligation but rather a component of the
related subscription service. Therefore, upfront installation fees are deferred and recognized as revenue over the related average contract
period.
Advertising — Cox Media, Cox’s
advertising sales division, generates revenues from the sale of advertising inventory on cable television networks and digital media
platforms, such as online, video-on-demand and mobile to local, regional and national businesses. Each advertisement placed is considered
a distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognized in the period that the advertisement is broadcast. In addition to representing
Cox, Cox Media has entered into contracts to represent other multi-video programming distributors in their advertising sales efforts.
Cox has analyzed the representation contracts and determined that the company coordinating the sales efforts is the principal in the
revenue contract because it controls the specified service before that good or service is transferred to a customer. When Cox is controlling
the advertising sales effort for other distributors, it is acting as the principal in these arrangements and recognizes the revenue earned
from the advertising customer on a gross basis and the amounts remitted to such distributor as cost of services. In some cases, another
distributor controls the advertising sales efforts on behalf of Cox in certain markets. Cox is acting as an agent in these scenarios
and records the revenue net of any fees retained by the distributor.
Timing of revenue — Substantially
all revenue is recognized over time, rather than at a point in time, with the exception of advertising and mobile device revenues, which
totaled $247 million, $347 million and $279 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Taxes and Fees — Fees imposed on
Cox by various governmental authorities are passed through on a monthly basis to Cox's customers and are periodically remitted to authorities.
Fees of $241 million, $311 million and $274 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were reported
in revenues on a gross basis with a corresponding operating expense because Cox is acting as a principal. Certain taxes, such as sales
taxes imposed on Cox's customers, collected and remitted to state and local authorities, are recorded on a net basis because Cox is acting
as an agent in such situations.
Significant Judgments in Evaluating Revenue
Recognition — For both residential and commercial offerings, Cox often provides more than one service to a customer. Cox markets
these services individually and as bundled services. Cox’s residential and commercial services generally involve customer premise
equipment, such as set-top boxes, cable modems or wireless gateways. The provisioning of equipment and installation service is interrelated;
therefore, Cox must use judgment to determine what the distinct performance obligations are within the customer contract. Significant
judgment is used to determine which performance obligations are distinct and should be accounted for separately and which performance
obligations are not distinct and should be combined with the subscription service.
-15-
For residential revenues, allocation of the transaction
price to the distinct performance obligations requires judgment. Revenue from residential customers that purchase bundled services at
a discounted rate is allocated among the separate services based on the respective standalone selling prices. The standalone selling
prices for residential services are readily available and observable based on the current prices at which Cox separately sells the services.
The determination of the period of benefit for
deferral of residential installation revenue as a material right requires judgment. The residential upfront installation revenue is deferred
over the period the charge remains material to the customer, which Cox determined to be six months. Cox considered both quantitative
and qualitative factors (including average installation fee, average monthly recurring revenue per customer, churn rates and other factors)
in its calculation of the period the fee remains material to the customer.
Deferred Revenue Contract Liabilities —
Timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Residential and commercial customers are invoiced
for subscription services in advance of the service period. Deferred revenue contract liabilities ("Contract Liabilities")
are recorded when Cox invoices customers upfront for installation services that are recognized as revenue over time, as discussed above
under Residential Services and Commercial Services. Current Contract Liabilities, included in accrued
expenses and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, consist of residential and commercial upfront installation
fees; long-term Contract Liabilities, included in other noncurrent liabilities in the Consolidated
Balance Sheets, consist of commercial upfront installation fees. Both are immaterial as
of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Contract costs — Cox recognizes
an asset for incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if the amortization period of those costs is expected to be longer
than one year and the costs are expected to be recovered. Commissions related to commercial cable services contracts are deferred and
recognized over the average commercial contract term, which was determined on a portfolio basis. Deferred commercial commission costs
are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other noncurrent assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and totaled
$54 million and $40 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2025 and $64 million
and $40 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2024. As the amortization period of residential commission costs is less than
one year, Cox applied the practical expedient that allows such costs to be expensed as incurred. Cox has determined that the amortization
period associated with residential commission costs is less than one year based on qualitative and quantitative factors. There were no
impairment losses on contract costs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Operating Costs and Expenses
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2025
2024
2023
Programming costs (a)
$ 1,878
$ 2,064
$ 2,220
Other costs of revenue (b)
1,161
1,190
1,091
Field and technology operations (c)
1,014
918
976
Customer operations (d)
203
188
164
Sales and marketing
1,064
1,246
1,255
General and administrative
2,223
2,528
2,555
Total operating costs and expenses
$ 7,543
$ 8,134
$ 8,261
(a) Programming
costs are amounts paid to programmers for cable content and to television stations for retransmission consent and are generally paid
on a per-subscriber basis.
(b) Other
costs of revenues include expenses that Cox incurs in conjunction with providing its residential, commercial and advertising services.
(c) Field
and technology operations are costs associated with providing and maintaining Cox's nationwide Internet Protocol network and outside
cable network.
(d) Customer
operations are care costs necessary to maintain Cox's customer base in addition to sales and marketing.
-16-
Advertising Costs — Advertising
costs associated with marketing Cox's products and services are generally expensed as costs are incurred. Advertising costs were $386
million, $477 million and $476 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively and are included in operating
costs and expenses.
Income Taxes
Cox and its subsidiaries join with CEI in filing
a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and certain state income tax returns. Other subsidiaries file their own U.S. federal income
tax returns based on the ownership structure and relevant tax laws. Current federal and state income tax expenses and benefits have been
allocated on a separate-return basis to Cox based on the current year tax effects of the inclusion of its income, expenses and credits
in the consolidated income tax returns of CEI or based on separate state income tax returns.
Cox provides for income taxes using the asset
and liability method, which requires an asset and liability based approach in accounting for income taxes. Deferred income taxes reflect
the net tax effect on future years of temporary differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities for financial statement
and income tax purposes. Valuation allowances are established when Cox determines that it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or
the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized. Cox evaluates its effective tax rates regularly and adjusts them when appropriate
based on currently available information relative to statutory rates, apportionment factors and the applicable taxable income in the
jurisdictions in which Cox operates, among other factors.
Cox applies additional tax provisions, where
applicable, related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, which prescribe a recognition threshold and measurement attribute
for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits
to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The amount recognized
is measured as the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Cox adjusts its estimates
of uncertain tax positions periodically because of ongoing examinations by, and settlements with, various taxing authorities, as well
as changes in tax laws, regulations, and interpretations. Cox classifies interest and penalties associated with its unrecognized tax
benefits as a component of income tax expense.
Accounting Pronouncements Adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting
Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.
This ASU requires disaggregated information about an entity's effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information.
Cox adopted ASU 2023-09 as of December 31, 2025, retrospectively, and the adoption did not have a material impact to the Consolidated
Financial Statements.
Accounting Pronouncements
Not Yet Adopted
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles
– Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use
Software. This ASU removes all references to prescriptive and sequential software development project stages. Rather, an entity is
required to start capitalizing software costs when 1) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project and 2)
it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the
“probable-to-complete recognition threshold”). The guidance is effective for Cox on January 1, 2028, with early adoption
permitted. Cox is currently evaluating the potential effects of this standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements, as well as its
policies, procedures and systems.
-17-
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income
Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income
Statement Expenses. This ASU requires new financial statement disclosures in tabular format, disaggregating information about prescribed
categories underlying any relevant income statement expense caption. Qualitative disclosures about any remaining amounts in relevant
expense line items must be provided. Separate disclosures of total selling expenses and an entity’s definition of those expenses
are also required. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted.
Cox expects the adoption of the standard to result in additional disaggregation of expense captions within its footnote disclosures.
Subsequent Events
Cox has evaluated events that occurred subsequent
to December 31, 2025 for potential recognition and disclosure. Any applicable subsequent events have been evaluated through February 27,
2026, the date the Consolidated Financial Statements were issued.
3.
ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
Pending Disposition
of Cox — In May 2025, Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”) and Charter Communications Holdings,
LLC (“Charter Holdings”) entered into a transaction agreement (“Transaction Agreement”) with CEI. Pursuant to
the Transaction Agreement, at the closing of the transactions, (i) CEI will sell and transfer to Charter 100% of the equity interests
of certain subsidiaries of Cox that conduct Cox’s commercial fiber and managed IT and cloud services businesses, (ii) CEI
will contribute the equity interests of Cox and certain other assets (other than certain excluded assets) primarily relating to Cox’s
residential cable business to Charter Holdings, and (iii) CEI will pay $1.00 to Charter (collectively the "Cox Transactions").
The combined entity will assume Cox's approximately $12.6 billion in outstanding net debt and finance leases (assumed debt is on a proforma
basis contemplating Cox's refinancing of debt maturities occurring between signing and closing of the transactions).
On July 31, 2025, Charter’s shareholders
approved the Transaction Agreement.
Logicworks Acquisition
— In January 2023, Cox acquired 100% of Logicworks Systems Corporation ("Logicworks"), a privately-held
managed services and public cloud automation provider, through a merger agreement with Lancer Systems Holdco LLC, for consideration transferred
of $246 million. Logicworks offers managed services, professional services and a proprietary user interface to its customer base, which
are focused in the mid-market segment. Based on the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, Cox recognized
$172 million in goodwill and $54 million in intangible assets associated with Logicworks' customer relationships, developed technology
and trade name. Goodwill arising from the acquisition was primarily attributable to expected growth opportunities and a specialized workforce.
The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The developed technology and trade name will amortize over five years and customer relationships
over 20 years, using a straight-line methodology.
-18-
Cox's accounting for the Logicworks acquisition
has provided for estimates of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. The following
table represents the final purchase price allocation.
(in millions)
Fair value of consideration transferred
$ 246
Total fair value to be allocated
$ 246
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 7
Other current and noncurrent assets
24
Property and equipment
6
Goodwill
172
Intangible assets
54
Deferred tax assets
5
Current and other noncurrent liabilities
(22 )
Total fair value of net assets acquired
$ 246
4. SUPPLEMENTAL
CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cox's significant non-cash investing and financing
transactions and other supplemental cash flow information are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2025
2024
2023
Significant non-cash transactions:
Property and equipment acquired under finance leases and other financing arrangements
$ 265
$ 23
$ 7
Operating lease ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations
40
39
31
Contribution to capital from Cox Enterprises, Inc.
111
—
—
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest
$ 617
$ 555
$ 432
Cash paid for income taxes (a)
258
476
490
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases
69
82
81
Operating cash flows for finance leases
52
43
44
Financing cash flows for finance leases
37
34
26
(a) The
amounts disclosed as income taxes paid include both cash tax payments made directly to taxing authorities and payments made by Cox to
its parent in settlement of its share of consolidated income tax obligations.
-19-
5. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill are as follows:
(in millions)
Gross
Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Impairment
Loss
Goodwill —
net
Balance—January 1, 2024
$ 2,735
$ (1,477 )
$ 1,258
Measurement period adjustments
2
—
2
Balance—December 31, 2024 and 2025
$ 2,737
$ (1,477 )
$ 1,260
For additional information regarding changes
in goodwill, see Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 3 — Acquisitions and Divestitures. For additional
information regarding the determination of fair value, see Note 12 — Fair Value Measurements.
Intangible Assets
The carrying amounts of Cox's intangible assets
are as follows:
December 31, 2025
December 31, 2024
(in millions, except for WARUL)
WARUL
(in
years)
Gross
Carrying
Value
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Value
Gross
Carrying
Value
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Value
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships
23
$ 622
$ (131 )
$ 491
$ 622
$ (108 )
$ 514
Amortizable trade names
5
42
(25 )
17
42
(21 )
21
Franchise renewal and contribution costs
—
26
(26 )
—
27
(26 )
1
Other agreements and rights
5
84
(57 )
27
80
(50 )
30
Total finite-lived intangible assets
$ 774
$ (239 )
$ 535
$ 771
$ (205 )
$ 566
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Cable franchise value
10,275
15,879
Trade names and other
351
351
CBRS spectrum licenses
213
213
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets
10,839
16,443
Total intangible assets — net
$ 11,374
$ 17,009
Amortization expense related to finite-lived
intangible assets totaled $34 million, $35 million and $37 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Cox recorded an impairment charge of $5.6 billion
related to cable franchise value for the year ended December 31, 2025, which is reflected as impairment of intangible assets on
the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The decline in the estimated fair value is attributable to updated long-term financial projections
that reflect a reduction in estimated future cash flows due to increased competition and changes in the macroeconomic outlook based on
currently available data as well as recent declines in industry market multiples.
-20-
Future amortization expense for finite-lived
intangible assets as of December 31, 2025, is estimated to be as follows:
(in millions)
Finite-Lived
Intangible Assets
2026
$ 36
2027
34
2028
30
2029
29
2030
29
Thereafter
377
Total
$ 535
The actual amortization expense reported in future
periods could differ from these estimates as a result of new intangible asset acquisitions, changes in useful lives and other relevant
factors.
6. RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES
In 2024, Cox announced a new organizational structure,
which allocates needed resources to growth areas of the business. As a result, certain restructuring initiatives were implemented, which
include severance costs.
The following represents the changes in the balances
of the restructuring-related liabilities, which are reflected within accrued labor and benefits in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:
December 31,
(in millions)
2025
2024
Balance at beginning of period
$ 180
$ —
Expense(a)
—
180
Payments
(176 )
—
Balance at end of period
$ 4
$ 180
(a) Restructuring-related
charges were recorded to other — net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
-21-
7. LEASES
The components of lease related expenses — net are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2025
2024
2023
Operating lease expense (included within operating costs and expenses) (a)
$ 68
$ 82
$ 82
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of ROU assets (included within depreciation and amortization)
45
39
39
Interest on lease liabilities (included within interest expense — net)
52
43
44
Total finance lease cost
97
82
83
Variable lease expense (included within operating costs and expenses)
35
31
29
Sublease income (included within operating costs and expenses)
(12 )
(11 )
(11 )
Total lease related expenses — net
$ 188
$ 184
$ 183
(a) Includes short-term leases, which are immaterial
for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Supplemental information related to leases is as follows:
December 31,
2025
2024
Operating lease right-of-use assets:
Other noncurrent assets
$ 155
$ 199
Operating lease liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
49
62
Other noncurrent liabilities
106
137
Total operating lease liabilities
$ 155
$ 199
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:
Operating leases
4 years
4 years
Finance leases
15 years
13 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate:
Operating leases
4 %
3 %
Finance leases
7 %
7 %
-22-
The following table reconciles the undiscounted
cash flows for each of the first five years and total of the remaining years to the finance lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities
recorded within the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2025.
(in millions)
Operating
Leases
Finance
Leases
2026
$ 57
$ 93
2027
40
82
2028
32
75
2029
20
76
2030
11
77
Thereafter
14
819
Total lease payments
174
1,222
Less amounts representing interest (a)
19
485
Present value of lease payments
$ 155
$ 737
(a) Represents amount
necessary to reduce lease payments to present value calculated at Cox’s incremental borrowing rate at inception.
8. DEBT
December 31, 2025
December 31, 2024
(in millions)
Annual Interest
Rate
Carrying
Value
Fair Value
Carrying
Value
Fair Value
Notes and debentures with maturities (a):
Five years or less
1.80% to 6.95%
$ 3,889
$ 3,160
$ 3,989
$ 3,959
Between five and 10 years
2.60% to 5.70%
3,000
3,514
3,100
2,819
Greater than 10 years
2.95% to 8.38%
4,960
3,957
5,610
4,717
Total notes and debentures
11,849
$ 10,631
12,699
$ 11,495
Finance lease obligations (b)(c)
0.37% to 8.24%
737
584
Less unamortized discounts, premiums and issuance costs
(74 )
(83 )
Total debt
12,512
13,200
Less current maturities (b)
1,038
877
Total long-term debt
$ 11,474
$ 12,323
(a) Require semi-annual cash interest payments based on their issuance
dates.
(b) Current portion of finance lease obligations totaled $38 million
and $27 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
(c) Cox leases certain office facilities, cable transmission and
distribution facilities, customer premise equipment and automobiles under finance leases.
The following table summarizes scheduled maturities
of Cox's debt, excluding finance lease obligations, for the years succeeding December 31, 2025:
(in millions)
Debt Maturities
2026
$ 1,000
2027
1,000
2028
1,139
2029
—
2030
750
Thereafter
7,960
Total
$ 11,849
-23-
Revolving credit facility
Cox is a party to an amended and restated credit
facility among Cox and CEI, as borrowers, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and certain other lenders and agents
(the "Credit Facility"). The Credit Facility provides Cox and CEI with a revolving credit facility in an aggregate amount of
$3.5 billion, plus uncommitted incremental facilities of up to $700 million, provided that the aggregate amount outstanding
under the Credit Facility can never exceed $3.5 billion. Any amount payable under the Credit Facility that is not directly attributable
solely to extensions of credit to Cox or CEI will be allocated equally between Cox and CEI. The Credit Facility provides that the commitments
of the lenders under the Credit Facility will expire in October 2029; however, the borrowers have the right, which may be exercised
no more than two times, to extend the commitments of any lenders willing to agree to such extension for a period of one additional year
so long as a majority of the lenders agree to such extension.
Conventional borrowings under the Credit Facility
bear interest at a rate selected by the relevant borrower (Cox or CEI) from three alternatives. The interest rate may be based on the
1) the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), 2) the Federal Reserve Bank of New York rate, or 3) an alternate base rate.
The alternate base rate loans will be based on the highest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50% or the one-month Adjusted
Term SOFR Rate (SOFR plus 0.10%) for dollar denominated Loans plus 1.00%. In each case, the applicable interest rate will be increased
by a margin imposed by the Credit Facility, which will depend upon the ratings of the relevant borrower's senior, unsecured, long-term
indebtedness for borrowed money that is not guaranteed by any other individual or entity or subject to any other credit enhancement.
The Credit Facility also establishes a mechanism
under which individual lenders may make discretionary loans in lieu of loans committed under the Credit Facility at rates agreed upon
from time to time with the relevant borrower. Each borrower also must pay a commitment fee to each lender on the daily average unused
amount of the commitment of such lender at a rate that varies from 0.075% to 0.225% depending on the ratings of the relevant borrower's
senior, unsecured, long-term indebtedness for borrowed money that is not guaranteed by any other individual or entity or subject to any
other credit enhancement. The commitment fee rate was 0.125% as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
The Credit Facility requires each borrower to
maintain a ratio of consolidated debt to pro forma consolidated operating cash flow (as defined in the Credit Facility, which is not
comparable to operating cash flow presented elsewhere in this document), or the leverage ratio, of not more than 5.0 to 1.0. The leverage
ratio may be increased to 5.5 to 1.0 as of the last day of the fiscal quarter during which a qualifying acquisition (as defined in the
Credit Facility) shall have been consummated and each of the following three consecutive fiscal quarters.
The Credit Facility also contains a $500 million
letter of credit subfacility for CEI and Cox. Additionally, the Credit Facility contains a $300 million subfacility for loans or letters
of credit in certain designated alternate currencies. Outstanding letters of credit reduce availability under the Credit Facility.
As of December 31, 2025, Cox and CEI's availability
under the Credit Facility was reduced as a result of $52 million and $10 million in certain undrawn letters of credit outstanding for
Cox and CEI, respectively. Cox and CEI had no outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility. Remaining capacity under the Credit Facility
is available to provide liquidity support for Cox and CEI’s commercial paper programs. As of December 31, 2025, Cox had no
outstanding issuances under its commercial paper program.
As of December 31, 2024, Cox and CEI's availability
under the Credit Facility was reduced as a result of $37 million and $10 million in certain undrawn letters of credit outstanding for
Cox and CEI, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, Cox had no outstanding issuances under its commercial paper program and no outstanding
borrowings under the Credit Facility.
-24-
Commercial Paper Program
Cox has a commercial paper program that it supports
by maintaining unused committed capacity under the Credit Facility. Cox's commercial paper program has an agreement with major financial
institutions to issue from time to time short-term notes with a maturity of 390 days or less. Short-term notes issued under the
commercial paper program are limited to available capacity under the Credit Facility, which is currently a maximum of $3.5 billion
outstanding at any time. The short-term notes are sold in private placements, can have a fixed or floating interest rate or be issued
at a discount and are issued in minimum denominations of $250,000. The notes are not rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating
organization and Cox does not plan to issue notes under its commercial paper program in the near term. As of December 31, 2025 and
2024, CEI had no outstanding commercial paper subject to Cox's guarantee.
Debt Issuances and Repayments
In June and February 2025, Cox repaid
$150 million of 7.625% notes and $700 million of 3.85% notes, respectively, upon their maturity date. Cox repaid $539 million of 3.15%
notes upon their maturity date during the year ended December 31, 2024.
In August 2024, Cox issued $750 million
aggregate principal amount of 5.45% notes due September 2034 and $750 million aggregate principal amount of 5.95% notes due September 2054.
In January 2024, Cox also issued an additional $350 million aggregate principal amount of 5.45% notes due September 2028, an
additional $300 million aggregate principal amount of 5.70% notes due June 2033 and $850 million aggregate principal amount of 5.80%
notes due December 2053. Both issuances were in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
pursuant to Rule 144A and Regulation S thereunder. The proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include the
redemption, repayment or repurchase of other outstanding indebtedness, including repayment of debt with scheduled maturities.
Guarantee Arrangements
Cox is a party to an amended and restated credit
agreement among Cox and CEI, as borrowers, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and certain other lenders and agents
(the "Credit Facility"). CEI designated Cox as a restricted subsidiary under the Credit Facility. At the same time, Cox provided
an unconditional guarantee of CEI’s obligations under the Credit Facility and CEI also provided an unconditional guarantee of Cox's
obligations under the Credit Facility, which will be automatically released upon the release of Cox's guarantee of CEI's obligations
under the Credit Facility. Cox will also guarantee CEI’s obligations under CEI’s commercial paper program. As of December 31,
2025 and 2024, CEI had no outstanding obligations under the Credit Facility and no outstanding commercial paper subject to Cox’s
guarantee.
In addition, Cox and CEI provide unconditional
cross-guarantees of the other’s obligations under each company’s respective outstanding notes (except for Cox's 6.53% debentures
due 2028, of which no material amounts are outstanding). CEI and Cox may release their obligations under the cross-guarantee simultaneously
with the other party’s release or in other customary circumstances. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, CEI had $175 million
of outstanding notes subject to Cox's guarantee.
-25-
Debt Covenants
Cox's debt agreements contain various affirmative,
negative and financial agreements. As an example, Cox's Credit Facility requires Cox to maintain a maximum leverage ratio of not more
than 5.0 to 1.0 with some exceptions for consummation of qualifying acquisitions. Cox also has restrictions around the level of secured
debt and restricted subsidiary debt Cox can maintain. Each of these restrictions is subject to certain exceptions and qualifications
that are set forth in these debt agreements. Cox was in compliance with all covenants under both its Credit Facility and its other debt
instruments as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. As of December 31, 2025, Cox's leverage ratio, as defined above under "Revolving
Credit Facility," was 2.4x.
9. INCOME TAXES
Current and Deferred Income Tax
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2025
2024
2023
Current expense:
Federal
$ (217 )
$ (415 )
$ (429 )
State
(30 )
(39 )
(47 )
Total current expense
(247 )
(454 )
(476 )
Deferred benefit (expense):
Federal
907
(30 )
(77 )
State
112
34
(73 )
Total deferred benefit (expense)
1,019
4
(150 )
Total income tax benefit (expense)
$ 772
$ (450 )
$ (626 )
Reconciliation of Income Tax at the Statutory Rate
to Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
The differences between income tax benefit (expense)
and income taxes expected at the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate of 21% are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2025
2024
2023
Tax benefit (expense) at U.S. federal statutory rate
$ 718
21.0 %
$ (457 )
21.0 %
$ (534 )
21.0 %
State and local income taxes — net of federal tax impact (a)
63
1.9 %
(7 )
0.3 %
(99 )
3.9 %
Research and development credits
10
0.3 %
14
(0.7 )%
11
(0.4 )%
Changes in federal valuation allowances
(21 )
(0.6 )%
—
— %
—
— %
Other adjustments
2
— %
—
0.1 %
(4 )
0.1 %
Income tax benefit (expense)
$ 772
22.6 %
$ (450 )
20.7 %
$ (626 )
24.6 %
(a) State taxes in the following jurisdictions comprised greater
than 50% of the tax effect in this category for each year presented: California, Kansas, Louisiana and Virginia in 2025 and Louisiana
and California in 2024 and 2023.
The change in income tax benefit (expense) between
2025 and 2024 was primarily due to a loss before income taxes in the current year compared with income before income taxes in the prior
year, as well as, state and federal valuation allowance increases in 2025 and a decrease in state taxes due to a statutory tax rate reduction
in 2024. The change in income tax expense between 2024 and 2023 was primarily due to a decrease in income before income taxes, a decrease
in state taxes due to a statutory tax rate reduction in 2024 and a decrease in state taxes due to an audit settlement in 2023.
-26-
Tax Payment Summary
Income taxes paid are as follows:
Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)
2025
2024
2023
U.S. Federal
$ 217
$ 415
$ 429
State:
Arizona
— (a)
— (a)
27
California
15
— (a)
— (a)
Other
26
61
34
Total income taxes paid — net
$ 258
$ 476
$ 490
(a) Jurisdiction below the threshold
for period presented.
The amounts disclosed as income taxes paid include
both cash tax payments made directly to taxing authorities and payments made by Cox to its parent in settlement of its share of consolidated
income tax obligations.
Deferred Income Taxes
December 31,
(in millions)
2025
2024
Net deferred tax (liabilities) assets:
Property and equipment
$ (2,095 )
$ (2,115 )
Intangible assets
(2,571 )
(3,657 )
Investments
(120 )
(86 )
Employee benefits and compensation
99
106
Net operating losses and tax credits
318
355
Finance lease obligations
118
130
Operating lease ROU assets
(34 )
(45 )
Operating lease liabilities
35
46
Other — net
110
69
Total
(4,140 )
(5,197 )
Valuation allowance
(306 )
(268 )
Total net deferred tax liability
$ (4,446 )
$ (5,465 )
A majority of the gross deferred tax assets for
federal and state net operating loss and credit carryforwards will expire in varying amounts through 2045. As of December 31, 2025,
Cox's valuation allowance was primarily related to state net operating loss carryforwards and hypothetical federal and state capital
loss carryforwards under the separate return method. A portion of the valuation allowance reflects prior year adjustments associated
with state net operating losses. As of December 31, 2024, the valuation allowance related primarily to state net operating loss
carryforwards.
Under the separate return method, Cox generated
federal and state capital losses. However, these tax attributes have been used in the consolidated income tax return filings to offset
capital gains generated by other CEI subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2025, Cox has hypothetical deferred tax asset for capital
loss carryforwards of $100 million, as well as immaterial hypothetical state losses, both of which have a corresponding full valuation
allowance.
-27-
Uncertain Tax Positions
Cox's unrecognized tax benefits relate to a variety
of issues for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain due to the interpretation and judgment necessary in applying complex
tax laws and regulations in various taxing jurisdictions. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits,
exclusive of interest and penalties, is as follows:
(in millions)
Balance—January 1, 2024
$ 53
Activity on prior year tax positions
5
Additions on current year tax positions
4
Reductions on settlements with taxing authorities and expirations
(25 )
Balance—December 31, 2024
37
Activity on prior year tax positions
—
Additions on current year tax positions
2
Reductions on settlements with taxing authorities and expirations
(9 )
Balance—December 31, 2025
$ 30
Cox is under examination for the tax year 2025
and 2024 in the Internal Revenue Service's ("IRS") Compliance Assurance Program. This program accelerates the examination
of key transactions with the goal of resolving any issues before the tax return is filed with the IRS. As of the date of the financial
statement issuance, Cox federal tax returns have been examined and all issues have been settled through the 2023 tax year. Various states
are currently conducting examinations of Cox's income tax returns for tax years 2016 through 2022. The statute of limitations for Cox's
major tax jurisdictions remains open for examination for tax years 2016 to 2025.
Cox classifies penalties and interest associated
with its unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, penalties
and interest expense are immaterial. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, Cox has immaterial accrued liabilities for potential interest
and penalties.
10. COMMITMENTS
AND CONTINGENCIES
At the time of divesting an ownership interest
in an entity, Cox sometimes agrees to indemnify the buyer for certain liability risks. Cox believes that any liability to the company
that may arise as a result of such indemnification agreements will not have a material adverse effect on the company taken as a whole.
At December 31, 2025, Cox had outstanding
purchase commitments primarily related to costs associated with telecommunication networks, infrastructure, cloud computing and engineering
totaling $1.0 billion, $332 million, $196 million, $141 million, $93 million and $254 million for the years ended December 31, 2026,
2027, 2028, 2029, 2030 and thereafter, respectively, as well as construction commitments of $289 million.
Legal Proceedings
Sony Music et al. — In July 2018,
Sony Music Entertainment Inc., Warner Bros. Records Inc., Universal Music Corp. and several other music publishers and recording companies
filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against Cox. The plaintiffs allege that Cox’s practices of handling Digital Millennium Copyright
Act notices resulted in willful copyright infringement with respect to thousands of songs. Plaintiffs are seeking monetary damages.
-28-
In December 2019, a jury returned a verdict
of $1.0 billion against Cox, and a finding of contributory infringement, vicarious infringement and willfulness. Following various post-trial
motions, Cox appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In addition to the merits appeal, Cox filed two Rule 60
motions in the trial court seeking relief from the verdict; those Rule 60 motions were heard and denied by the trial court in March 2022.
Cox appealed the Rule 60 rulings to the Fourth Circuit, which held the Rule 60 appeal in abeyance until after the merits appeal.
In February 2024, the Fourth Circuit affirmed the jury's finding of willful contributory infringement but reversed the jury's finding
of vicarious liability and vacated the $1.0 billion judgment against Cox. Both parties' petitions for a rehearing en banc were denied
by the Fourth Circuit. Cox also filed motions in the Fourth Circuit seeking partial appellate costs and an update regarding the Rule 60
appeal. Briefing concluded in the Rule 60 appeal in September 2024. Cox filed an unopposed motion to release the appeal bond,
which was granted in May 2024. Cox’s motion for costs on the judgment bond was denied in August 2024. The trial proceeding
has been stayed by the Fourth Circuit until the resolution of the Rule 60 appeal. The Fourth Circuit has not yet requested or scheduled
oral argument on the Rule 60 appeal. In November 2024, in response to writs of certiorari filed by both parties, the United
States Supreme Court called for the view of the United States Solicitor General. In May 2025, the United States Solicitor General
submitted its brief amicus curiae recommending that Cox’s writ of certiorari be granted and Sony’s writ of certiorari be
denied. In June 2025, the United States Supreme Court granted Cox’s writ of certiorari and denied Sony’s writ of certiorari.
Cox’s opening brief was filed in August 2025. Oral argument was held in December 2025. The outcome of this matter cannot
be predicted at this time.
TQ Delta — In July 2015, TQ
Delta filed an action against Cox alleging patent infringement of eight patents related to the Multimedia over Coax Alliance standard,
parts of which are alleged to be implemented in Whole Home DVR. The plaintiff voluntarily dropped two patents in response to the court’s
requirement that the number of claims be reduced. Inter Partes Reviews ("IPRs") were filed against the remaining six patents.
The Patent Trial and Appeal Board invalidated four of the patents during the IPR proceeding, but two patents survived on appeal to the
United States Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit. The parties have engaged in expert discovery and are awaiting rulings on claim
construction and summary judgment. Trial is scheduled for October 2027. The outcome of this matter cannot be predicted at this time.
Entropic — In February 2023,
Entropic Communications filed two separate actions against Cox alleging patent infringement. The first case was brought with twelve patents
and was related to the Multimedia over Coax Alliance standard. The second case was brought with ten patents with allegations related
to the DOCSIS ("Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification") and DOCSIS adjacent technologies. Through patent challenges
brought both with the Court and the Patent Trial and Appeals Board ("PTAB"), sixteen patents were effectively invalidated.
Entropic is in the process of appealing the rulings of invalidity issued by the U.S. Patent Office to the Federal Circuit. There has
been no activity in these cases beyond Claim Construction hearings and no schedule has been set in either case. The outcome of this matter
cannot be predicted at this time.
Other Patent Matters — Cox is a
defendant or co-defendant in several lawsuits involving alleged infringement of various patents relating to various aspects of its businesses.
In the event that a court ultimately determines that Cox infringes on any intellectual property rights, Cox may be subject to substantial
damages and/or an injunction that could require Cox or its vendors to modify certain products and services Cox offers to its subscribers,
as well as negotiate royalty or license agreements with respect to the patents at issue. While Cox intends to vigorously defend the actions,
no assurance can be given that any adverse outcome would not be material to Cox's Consolidated Financial Statements. Cox cannot predict
the outcome of any of these matters nor can it reasonably estimate a range of possible loss at this time.
Other Legal Proceedings — Cox and
its subsidiaries are parties to various other legal proceedings that are ordinary and incidental to their businesses.
-29-
11. EQUITY
Common Stock
As of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023,
there were 1,000 authorized shares of common stock, with a par value of one dollar, with 100 shares issued and outstanding. Holders of
common stock are entitled to one vote per share and dividends are payable when and as declared.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, CEI, through
wholly-owned subsidiaries, owned 100% of the outstanding shares of Cox's common stock. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and
2024, Cox paid dividends to its shareholder of $1.0 billion.
Noncontrolling Interests ("NCI")
In 2023, Cox entered into a Securities Purchase
Agreement with the NCI in Fiber Platform, LLC ("Fiber Platform") to purchase from various entities affiliated with UPN, a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Fiber Platform, the common stock and Class A Units of Fiber Platform for $429 million. As a condition of closing,
Cox also made tender offers to each management investor to purchase all of the remaining outstanding Class A Units for $87 million.
Also as a condition of closing, tender offers were made to each holder of the Class B Units and Class B Participation Units,
which were issued under long-term incentive compensation plans. The $429 million specified in the Securities Purchase Agreement and the
payments made under the tender offers resulted in Cox purchasing all remaining interests in Fiber Platform for $608 million, effective
June 2023.
Cox’s purchase of the NCI in Fiber Platform
did not result in a change in Cox’s existing control of Fiber Platform, which resulted in no gain or loss recognition. Instead,
the difference between the carrying value of the NCI and the consideration paid by Cox to acquire the NCI was recognized in additional
paid-in capital, net of $98 million for deferred income taxes, within the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity. A portion of
the tender offers described above that involved long-term incentive compensation plans resulted in accelerated vesting and compensation
costs of $37 million, of which $13 million was capitalized and $24 million was expensed in 2023.
12. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Cox measures certain financial assets and liabilities
at fair value on a recurring basis and also measures certain nonfinancial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Fair value is
defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants. Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing an asset or liability as defined in the below fair value hierarchy:
Level 1 — Observable
inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2
— Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3
— Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require an entity to develop its own assumptions.
-30-
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Cash Equivalents — Cox's cash equivalents
are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and generally consist of money market funds, time deposits and commercial paper. The
fair values of Cox's cash equivalents fall within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and are based on a market approach using quoted
prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets.
Debt — Cox's notes and debentures
as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 is based on inputs other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly
or indirectly and is classified within Level 2.
Other Financial Instruments — The
carrying amounts of the Cox’s accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current assets and liabilities approximate fair value
due to their short-term maturities and/or nature of these instruments.
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Cox's nonfinancial assets (such as property and
equipment, goodwill and intangible assets), equity method investments and nonmarketable equity securities are not measured at fair value
on a recurring basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence that
an impairment may exist. Inputs used in these fair value measurements are often unobservable and may require judgment, which could affect
the ascribed fair values.
Cox performed a quantitative impairment test
of its cable franchise value and trade name as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The fair value of cable franchise value was determined
using an excess earnings method. The excess earnings analysis incorporates estimates and forward-looking projections, including significant
inputs such as revenue growth rates, margins, return on debt-free working capital, contributory asset returns and the discount rate.
As a result, Cox recorded an impairment to intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2025 of $5.6 billion. The fair value
of the intangible assets falls within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Cox identified
impairment indicators related to a debt security in 2025 and certain nonmarketable equity securities in 2024 and 2023. As a result, Cox
estimated the fair values of these investments and recorded impairments to investment expense — net of $43 million, $50 million
and $137 million for the years ended December 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The fair value of the equity securities fall within
Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Cox acquired a controlling financial interest
in Logicworks during 2023. The acquisition value ascribed to the entity was based on arms-length negotiations, which were estimated using
discounted cash flow models. The fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined using the cost, income and market
approaches, including market participant assumptions. In the case of trade name and developed technology acquired, Cox estimated fair
value using the relief-from-royalty method, which assumes that value is provided to the extent the acquirer is relieved of the obligations
to pay royalties for the benefits received from the technology and the trade name. This method required estimations of future revenues
for the technology and brand, the appropriate royalty rates and the weighted-average cost of capital. The fair value for customer relationships
was determined as of the acquisition date using the excess earnings method. Under this methodology, fair value is determined based on
the estimated future after-tax cash flows arising from the acquired customer relationships over the estimated useful lives after considering
customer attrition and contributory asset charges. Goodwill represents the difference between the acquisition value and fair values ascribed
to the entities’ net assets, inclusive of these identified assets. All of these fair value estimates fall within Level 3 of the
fair value hierarchy.
-31-
13. TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATED COMPANIES AND RELATED PARTIES
For all periods presented in the Consolidated
Financial Statements, related party transactions and activities between Cox and CEI, other CEI subsidiaries and other related parties
may not have been consummated on terms equivalent to those that would prevail in an arm’s-length transaction where conditions of
competitive, free-market dealing may exist.
Allocated Expenses from CEI
Allocated expenses as shown in the table below
are directly calculated or based on CEI's estimate of services provided to Cox in relation to those provided to other CEI subsidiaries.
Cox believes that these allocations were made on a reasonable basis. However, the allocations are not necessarily indicative of the level
of expenses that might have been incurred had Cox contracted directly with third parties.
Years Ended December 31,
(in million)
2025
2024
2023
Employee Benefits Plans
Healthcare and other employee benefits
$ 271
$ 255
$ 244
Qualified and nonqualified pension (a)
68
91
91
401(k) Plan
80
91
80
Postemployment and postretirement benefits (a)
22
22
22
Long-term incentive compensation
164
142
170
Other Allocated Expenses (b)
Management services
258
278
236
Occupancy-related services
27
26
39
(a) The service cost component related to Cox’s qualified
and nonqualified pension plans and postretirement benefits is recorded to operating costs and expenses on the Consolidated Statements
of Operations. The non-service cost component, which includes interest cost, expected return on plan assets, prior service cost amortization
and actuarial loss amortization, is recorded to miscellaneous income — net on the
Consolidated Statements of Operations and totaled $16 million, $26
million and $33 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and
2023.
(b) Cox receives certain management (e.g., legal, corporate secretarial,
tax, cash management, treasury, internal audit, risk management, employee benefit administration and other support services) and occupancy-related
(e.g., repairs and maintenance, utilities, insurance and property taxes) services from CEI.
Healthcare and Other Employee Benefits
— Certain of Cox's employees participate in CEI and other company sponsored employee benefit plans, including medical, dental,
vision, life and long-term disability insurance plans. Eligibility requirements vary depending on the plan, but are generally available
to full-time employees and, depending on the plan, their dependents.
Qualified and Nonqualified Pension —
Certain full-time employees of Cox are eligible to participate in CEI's funded, qualified, defined-benefit pension plan. Certain key
employees also participate in CEI's unfunded, nonqualified, supplemental pension plan. These plans call for benefits to be paid to eligible
employees at retirement based primarily upon years of service with CEI and Cox and compensation rates near retirement. Under the pension
plans, CEI allocates pension expense to Cox generally based on the actuarial determinations of the effects of Cox's employees' participation
in the plans. Annual expenses may be volatile, largely as a result of economic factors, including volatility in discount rates and investment
returns, as well as changes in laws, regulations and assumptions used to calculate pension expense.
-32-
401(k) Plan — In February 2017,
CEI announced that it will no longer offer participation in both its pension or postretirement healthcare plans to Cox employees who
join or are rehired with Cox after March 2017. Such employees will instead be offered an enhanced match in the 401(k) Plan,
consisting of a 100% match of contributions up to 6% of eligible compensation, plus an annual contribution of 2% of eligible compensation,
which vests on the third anniversary of employment. Employees hired prior to April 1, 2017 will continue to participate and accrue
benefits under the existing pension and postretirement healthcare plans and will also continue to receive a 50% match on contributions
up to 6% of eligible compensation under the 401(k) Plan.
Postemployment and Postretirement Benefit
Plans — Cox also provides certain postemployment benefits and postretirement healthcare and life insurance benefits to certain
employees through participation in CEI's postemployment and retiree healthcare plans. Under these plans, CEI allocates postemployment
and postretirement expense to Cox generally based on the actuarial determinations of the effects of Cox's employees' participation in
the plans.
Long-Term Incentive Compensation —
Cox offers eligible executives and key employees the opportunity to participate in the CEI Long-Term Incentive Plan ("LTIP"),
which provides for the payment of benefits in the form of cash. CEI plan awards are typically granted annually. Awards granted under
the LTIP are three-year awards and vest 100% on the third anniversary of the grant date. Compensation expense for the plan awards is
allocated to Cox by CEI based on the accelerated vesting model and expectations about meeting CEI revenue, profitability and/or cash
flow targets.
Amounts due from Cox Enterprises, Inc.
Cox receives day-to-day cash management services
from CEI, with settlements of outstanding balances between Cox and CEI occurring periodically. The amounts due from CEI are due on demand
and represent the net balance of the intercompany transactions. The interest rate is based on CEI's internal borrowing rate, generally
determined from CEI's rates under the Credit Facility, which ranged from 3.94% to 4.45% in 2025, 4.62% to 5.45% in 2024 and 5.18% to
6.44% in 2023. CEI adopted SOFR rates as of July 2023 and used LIBOR rates in prior periods. The associated interest income was
$188 million, $209 million and $97 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively
Other Related Party Transactions
CEI purchases insurance for a fixed premium cost
from several insurance companies, including an insurance company indirectly owned by descendants of Governor James M. Cox, the founder
of CEI, which was subsequently acquired by CEI in December 2024. These related party insurance companies are insurers and reinsurers
on various insurance policies purchased by CEI and employ a consulting actuary to calculate the annual premiums for general, auto and
workers' compensation and property liability insurance based on CEI's loss experience, consistent with insurance industry practice. Cox's
portion of these insurance costs totaled $64 million, $74 million and $76 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and
2023, respectively.
Cox pays fees to certain entities in which it
has a minority ownership interest in exchange for cable programming. Programming fees related to such affiliates were $34 million, $39
million and $37 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Cox receives advertising revenue from, and pays
commissions to, National Cable Communications LLC (rebranded as Ampersand), an entity in which it has a minority ownership interest.
Revenues related to Ampersand were $54 million, $130 million and $68 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023,
respectively. Commissions expenses paid to Ampersand were $7 million, $17 million and $9 million for the years ended December 31,
2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
-33-
CTech Lease — In December 2010,
Cox entered into a finance lease agreement with CTech Holdings, LLC ("CTech") for two new buildings at the CEI headquarters
campus in Atlanta, Georgia. The properties serve as the primary operations of Cox's technology organization. The term of the finance
lease is from June 2012 through January 2038.
Cox Headquarters Lease — In October 2013,
Cox entered into a 25-year financing agreement with JMC-T2, LLC ("T2") for an office tower on the CEI headquarters campus in
Atlanta, Georgia. The property serves as the corporate headquarters of Cox. Cox guaranteed the payments associated with the construction
debt. The term of the agreement is from February 2015 through February 2040.
Future related party commitments, included within
Cox's finance lease liabilities, as of December 31, 2025 are estimated to be as follows:
(in millions)
CTech Lease
Cox Headquarters
Lease
2026
$ 27
$ 24
2027
27
24
2028
28
25
2029
29
26
2030
30
26
Thereafter
232
275
There are various other related party activities
between Cox and related parties that individually, and in the aggregate, are not material to Cox's Consolidated Financial Statements.
In April 2025 and October 2024, Cox
contributed $75 million and $45 million, respectively, to the James M. Cox Foundation for the benefit of biodiversity initiatives aimed
at protecting critical species and their habitats.
******
-34-
EX-99.3 — EXHIBIT 99.3
EX-99.3
Filename: tm2621145d1_ex99-3.htm · Sequence: 4
Exhibit 99.3
COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31,
2026 and December 31, 2025 and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
Condensed Consolidated Balance
Sheets (Unaudited)
2
Condensed Consolidated Statements
of Operations (Unaudited)
3
Condensed Consolidated Statements
of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
4
Condensed Consolidated Statements
of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)
5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated
Financial Statements (Unaudited)
6
-1-
COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
March 31,
December 31,
(in millions)
2026
2025
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 84
$ 64
Accounts receivable — net of
allowance of $41 and $38, respectively
650
657
Amounts due from Cox Enterprises, Inc.
4,154
4,025
Prepaid expenses
and other current assets
355
352
Total current assets
5,243
5,098
Property and equipment — net
12,534
12,603
Goodwill
1,260
1,260
Intangible assets — net
11,366
11,374
Other noncurrent
assets
385
394
TOTAL ASSETS
$ 30,788
$ 30,729
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Accounts payable
$ 516
$ 497
Accrued labor and benefits
331
482
Accrued programming costs
167
180
Accrued expenses and other current
liabilities
790
790
Current portion
of long-term debt
1,042
1,038
Total current liabilities
2,846
2,987
Long-term debt
11,464
11,474
Deferred income taxes
4,545
4,446
Other noncurrent
liabilities
454
873
Total liabilities
19,309
19,780
EQUITY
Common stock, $1.00 par value; 1,000
shares authorized and 100 shares issued and outstanding
—
—
Additional paid-in capital
4,568
4,540
Retained earnings
6,911
6,409
Total equity
11,479
10,949
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
$ 30,788
$ 30,729
See notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
-2-
COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
Three Months
Ended March 31,
(in millions)
2026
2025
REVENUES
$ 3,059
$ 3,183
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Operating
costs and expenses (a)
1,740
1,922
Depreciation and amortization
538
544
Other — net
46
(15 )
Total operating
expenses
2,324
2,451
OPERATING INCOME
735
732
NON-OPERATING EXPENSES:
Interest expense — net
(111 )
(108 )
Investments income (expense) — net
1
(41 )
Miscellaneous income — net
15
7
Total non-operating expenses
(95 )
(142 )
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES
640
590
INCOME TAX EXPENSE
(138 )
(129 )
NET INCOME
$ 502
$ 461
(a) See Note 8 — Transactions with Affiliated
Companies and Related Parties for impacts associated with related parties.
See notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
-3-
COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
Three Months
Ended March 31,
(in millions)
2026
2025
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income
$ 502
$ 461
Adjustments to reconcile net income
to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization
538
544
Deferred income taxes
11
(9 )
Investments (income) expense —
net
(1 )
41
Provision for credit losses
21
18
Restructuring and other
26
(144 )
Changes in certain assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable
(14 )
14
Increase in prepaid expenses and other
assets
(5 )
(20 )
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable
19
(30 )
Decrease in accrued expenses and other
liabilities
(479 )
(185 )
Other —
net
6
(12 )
Net cash provided
by operating activities
624
678
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures
(463 )
(501 )
(Increase) decrease in amounts due
from Cox Enterprises, Inc.
(129 )
515
Other —
net
—
3
Net cash (used
in) provided by investing activities
(592 )
17
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repayment of debt
(7 )
(706 )
Other —
net
(5 )
(3 )
Net cash used
in financing activities
(12 )
(709 )
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
20
(14 )
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS — Beginning
of period
64
97
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS — End
of period
$ 84
$ 83
See notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
-4-
COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES
IN EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(in millions)
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-In Capital
Retained
Earnings
Total
BALANCE — January 1, 2026
$ —
$ 4,540
$ 6,409
$ 10,949
Net income
—
—
502
502
Contribution to capital from Cox Enterprises, Inc.
—
28
—
28
BALANCE — March 31, 2026
$ —
$ 4,568
$ 6,911
$ 11,479
(in millions)
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-In Capital
Retained
Earnings
Total
BALANCE — January 1, 2025
$ —
$ 4,429
$ 10,057
$ 14,486
Net income
—
—
461
461
BALANCE — March 31, 2025
$ —
$ 4,429
$ 10,518
$ 14,947
See notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
-5-
COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. DESCRIPTION
OF BUSINESS, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND OTHER ITEMS
Cox Communications, Inc. (together with
its consolidated subsidiaries, "Cox" or "the Company"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cox Enterprises, Inc. ("CEI"),
is committed to creating meaningful moments of human connection through technology. As the largest private broadband company in the United
States, Cox operates fiber-powered networks in more than 30 states, providing connections and advanced managed IT and cloud services
for homes and businesses. Cox Mobile, Cox’s mobile phone service, is available across markets nationwide. The commercial division
of Cox, Cox Business, provides a broad commercial solutions portfolio, including advanced managed IT and cloud services and fiber-based
network solutions that support connected environments, unique hospitality experiences and diverse applications.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim Condensed
Consolidated Financial Statements of Cox have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)
for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP
for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial
Statements include all adjustments, of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated results
of operations, financial position and cash flows for the interim periods presented. All intercompany transactions and account balances
have been eliminated in consolidation. Cox has included the results of operations of acquired companies from the date of acquisition.
These unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial
Statements and notes therein as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily
indicative of results that might be expected for future interim periods or for the full year ending December 31, 2026.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial
statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates are evaluated based on available information and experience,
as well as other assumptions Cox believes reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
-6-
Revenue Recognition
Three Months
Ended March 31,
(in millions)
2026
2025
Residential
Data
$ 1,386
$ 1,478
Video
586
620
Telephony
41
53
Other
(a)
135
138
Total residential
2,148
2,289
Commercial
861
843
Advertising
50
51
Total revenues
$ 3,059
$ 3,183
(a) Other residential revenues includes
franchise, regulatory, and customer late fees, service protection fees, Cox Mobile and other
miscellaneous revenues.
Operating Costs and Expenses
Three Months
Ended March 31,
(in millions)
2026
2025
Programming costs
$ 441
$ 503
Other costs of revenue
272
284
Field and technology operations
230
256
Customer operations
50
52
Sales and marketing
252
267
General and administrative
495
560
Total operating costs and expenses
$ 1,740
$ 1,922
Subsequent
Events
Cox has evaluated events that occurred subsequent
to March 31, 2026 for potential recognition and disclosure. Any applicable subsequent events have been evaluated through May 5,
2026, the date of issuance of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2. DIVESTITURE
Pending Divestiture
of Cox — In May 2025, Charter Communications, Inc. (“Charter”) and Charter Communications Holdings,
LLC (“Charter Holdings”) entered into a transaction agreement (“Transaction Agreement”) with CEI. Pursuant to
the Transaction Agreement, at the closing of the transactions, (i) CEI will sell and transfer to Charter 100% of the equity interests
of certain subsidiaries of Cox that conduct Cox’s commercial fiber and managed IT and cloud services businesses, (ii) CEI
will contribute the equity interests of Cox and certain other assets (other than certain excluded assets) primarily relating to Cox’s
residential cable business to Charter Holdings, and (iii) CEI will pay $1.00 to Charter (collectively the "Cox Transactions").
The combined entity will assume Cox's approximately $12.4 billion in outstanding net debt and finance leases.
On July 31, 2025, Charter’s shareholders
approved the Transaction Agreement.
-7-
3. SUPPLEMENTAL
CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cox's significant non-cash investing and financing
transactions and other supplemental cash flow information are as follows:
Three Months
Ended March 31,
(in millions)
2026
2025
Significant noncash transactions:
Contribution to capital
from Cox Enterprises, Inc.
$ 28
$ —
Property and equipment acquired under
finance leases and other financing arrangements
—
140
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest
$ 166
$ 178
Cash
paid for income taxes (a)
127
138
(a) The amounts
disclosed as income taxes paid include both cash tax payments made directly to taxing authorities
and payments made by Cox to its parent in settlement of its share of consolidated income
tax obligations.
4. RESTRUCTURING
During 2024, Cox announced a new organizational
structure, which allocates needed resources to growth areas of the business. As a result, certain restructuring initiatives were implemented,
which include severance costs. Restructuring related charges are recorded to other — net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement
of Operations.
The following represents the changes in the balances
of the restructuring-related liabilities, which are reflected within accrued compensation and benefits in the Condensed Consolidated
Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
(in millions)
March 31,
2026
December 31,
2025
Balance at beginning of period
$ 4
$ 180
Expense(a)
—
—
Payments
(2 )
(176 )
Balance at end of period
$ 2
$ 4
(a) Restructuring-related
charges were recorded to other — net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
-8-
5. DEBT
March 31,
2026
December 31,
2025
(in millions)
Annual Interest
Rate
Carrying
Value
Fair Value
Carrying
Value
Fair Value
Notes
and debentures with maturities (a):
Five years or less
1.80% to 6.95%
$ 3,889
$ 3,800
$ 3,889
$ 3,160
Between five and 10 years
2.60% to 5.70%
3,000
2,813
3,000
3,514
Greater than 10
years
2.95% to 8.38%
4,960
3,875
4,960
3,957
Total notes and
debentures
11,849
$ 10,488
11,849
$ 10,631
Finance
lease obligations (b)(c)
0.47% to 8.24%
730
737
Less unamortized discounts, premiums
and issuance costs
(73 )
(74 )
Total debt
12,506
12,512
Less
current maturities (b)
1,042
1,038
Total long-term debt
$ 11,464
$ 11,474
(a) Require semi-annual
cash interest payments based on their issuance dates.
(b) Current portion
of finance lease obligations totaled $42 million and $38 million as of March 31, 2026
and December 31, 2025, respectively.
(c) Cox leases
certain office facilities, cable transmission and distribution facilities, customer premise
equipment and automobiles under finance leases
Guarantee Agreements
Cox is a party to an amended and restated credit
agreement among Cox and CEI, as borrowers, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and certain other lenders and agents
(the “Credit Facility”). CEI designated Cox as a restricted subsidiary under the Credit Facility. At the same time, Cox provided
an unconditional guarantee of CEI’s obligations under the Credit Facility and CEI also provided an unconditional guarantee of Cox's
obligations under the Credit Facility, which will be automatically released upon the release of Cox's guarantee of CEI's obligations
under the Credit Facility. Cox will also guarantee CEI’s obligations under CEI’s commercial paper program. As of March 31,
2026 and December 31, 2025, CEI had no outstanding obligations under the Credit Facility and no outstanding commercial paper subject
to Cox’s guarantee.
In addition, Cox and CEI provide unconditional
cross-guarantees of the other’s obligations under each company’s respective outstanding notes (except for Cox's 6.53% debentures
due 2028, of which no material amounts are outstanding). CEI and Cox may release their obligations under the cross-guarantee simultaneously
with the other party’s release or in other customary circumstances. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, CEI had
$175 million of outstanding notes subject to Cox's guarantee.
6. COMMITMENTS
AND CONTINGENCIES
At the time of divesting an ownership interest
in an entity, Cox sometimes agrees to indemnify the buyer for certain liability risks. Cox believes that any liability to the Company
that may arise as a result of such indemnification agreements will not have a material adverse effect on the company taken as a whole.
Legal Proceedings
Sony Music et al. — In July 2018,
Sony Music Entertainment Inc., Warner Bros. Records Inc., Universal Music Corp. and several other music publishers and recording companies
filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against Cox. The plaintiffs allege that Cox’s practices of handling Digital Millennium Copyright
Act notices resulted in willful copyright infringement with respect to thousands of songs. Plaintiffs are seeking monetary damages.
-9-
In December 2019, a jury returned a verdict
of $1.0 billion against Cox, and a finding of contributory infringement, vicarious infringement and willfulness. Following various post-trial
motions, Cox appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In addition to the merits appeal, Cox filed two Rule 60
motions in the trial court seeking relief from the verdict; those Rule 60 motions were heard and denied by the trial court in March 2022.
Cox appealed the Rule 60 rulings to the Fourth Circuit, which held the Rule 60 appeal in abeyance until after the merits appeal.
In February 2024, the Fourth Circuit affirmed the jury's finding of willful contributory infringement but reversed the jury's finding
of vicarious liability and vacated the $1.0 billion judgment against Cox. Both parties' petitions for a rehearing en banc were denied
by the Fourth Circuit. Cox also filed motions in the Fourth Circuit seeking partial appellate costs and an update regarding the Rule 60
appeal. Briefing concluded in the Rule 60 appeal in September 2024. Cox filed an unopposed motion to release the appeal bond,
which was granted in May 2024. Cox’s motion for costs on the judgment bond was denied in August 2024. The trial proceeding
has been stayed by the Fourth Circuit until the resolution of the Rule 60 appeal. In November 2024, in response to writs of
certiorari filed by both parties, the United States Supreme Court called for the view of the United States Solicitor General. In May 2025,
the United States Solicitor General submitted its brief amicus curiae recommending that Cox’s writ of certiorari be granted and
Sony’s writ of certiorari be denied. In June 2025, the United States Supreme Court granted Cox’s writ of certiorari
and denied Sony’s writ of certiorari. Cox’s opening brief was filed in August 2025. Oral argument was held in December 2025.
In March 2026, the United States Supreme Court reversed the Fourth Circuit's judgment, holding that as a matter of law, Cox’s
conduct did not meet the standard for contributory copyright infringement. Following remand to the Fourth Circuit, Cox expects the Fourth
Circuit to vacate its opinion, then enter its own judgment reversing and directing the district court to enter judgment in Cox’s
favor. After a mandate issues from the Fourth Circuit, the district court should also enter judgment for Cox.
TQ Delta — In July 2015, TQ
Delta filed an action against Cox alleging patent infringement of eight patents related to the Multimedia over Coax Alliance standard,
parts of which are alleged to be implemented in Whole Home DVR. The plaintiff voluntarily dropped two patents in response to the court’s
requirement that the number of claims be reduced. Inter Partes Reviews ("IPRs") were filed against the remaining six patents.
The Patent Trial and Appeal Board invalidated four of the patents during the IPR proceeding, but two patents survived on appeal to the
United States Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit. The parties have engaged in expert discovery and are awaiting rulings on claim
construction and summary judgment. Trial is scheduled for October 2027. The outcome of this matter cannot be predicted at this time.
Entropic — In February 2023,
Entropic Communications filed two separate actions against Cox alleging patent infringement. The first case was brought with twelve patents
and was related to the Multimedia over Coax Alliance standard. The second case was brought with ten patents with allegations related
to the DOCSIS ("Data Over Cable Service Interface Speculation") and DOCSIS adjacent technologies. Through patent challenges
brought both with the Court and the Patent Trial and Appeals Board ("PTAB"), sixteen patents were effectively invalidated.
Entropic is in the process of appealing the rulings of invalidity issued by the U.S. Patent Office to the Federal Circuit. There has
been no activity in these cases beyond Claim Construction hearings and no schedule has been set in either case. The outcome of this matter
cannot be predicted at this time.
Other Patent Matters — Cox is a
defendant or co-defendant in several lawsuits involving alleged infringement of various patents relating to various aspects of its businesses.
In the event that a court ultimately determines that Cox infringes on any intellectual property rights, Cox may be subject to substantial
damages and/or an injunction that could require Cox or its vendors to modify certain products and services Cox offers to its subscribers,
as well as negotiate royalty or license agreements with respect to the patents at issue. While Cox intends to vigorously defend the actions,
no assurance can be given that any adverse outcome would not be material to Cox's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Cox cannot
predict the outcome of any of these matters nor can it reasonably estimate a range of possible loss at this time.
-10-
Other Legal Proceedings — Cox and
its subsidiaries are parties to various other legal proceedings that are ordinary and incidental to their businesses.
7. FAIR
VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Cox measures certain financial assets and liabilities
at fair value on a recurring basis and also measures certain nonfinancial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Fair value is
defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants. Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing an asset or liability as defined in the below fair value hierarchy:
Level 1 — Observable
inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;
Level 2
— Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3
— Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require an entity to develop its own assumptions.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Cash Equivalents — Cox's cash equivalents
are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and generally consist of money market funds, time deposits and commercial paper. The
fair values of Cox's cash equivalents fall within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and are based on a market approach using quoted
prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets.
Debt — Cox's notes and debentures
as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 is based on inputs other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable
either directly or indirectly and are classified within Level 2.
Other Financial Instruments — The
carrying amounts of the Cox’s accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current assets and liabilities approximate fair value
due to their short-term maturities and/or nature of these instruments.
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements
Cox's nonfinancial assets (such as property and
equipment, goodwill and intangible assets), equity method investments and nonmarketable equity securities are not measured at fair value
on a recurring basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence that
an impairment may exist. Inputs used in these fair value measurements are often unobservable and may require judgment, which could affect
the ascribed fair values.
-11-
8. TRANSACTIONS
WITH AFFILIATED COMPANIES
For all periods presented in the Condensed Consolidated
Financial Statements, related party transactions and activities between Cox, CEI and other CEI subsidiaries may not have been consummated
on terms equivalent to those that would prevail in an arm’s-length transaction where conditions of competitive, free-market dealing
may exist.
Allocated Expenses from CEI
Allocated expenses as shown in the table below
are directly calculated or based on CEI's estimate of services provided to Cox in relation to those provided to other CEI subsidiaries.
Cox believes that these allocations were made on a reasonable basis. However, the allocations are not necessarily indicative of the level
of expenses that might have been incurred had Cox contracted directly with third parties.
Three Months
Ended March 31,
(in millions)
2026
2025
Employee Benefit Plans
Healthcare and other employee
benefits
$ 68
$ 64
Qualified
and nonqualified pension (a)
1
18
401(k) Plan
19
19
Postemployment
and postretirement benefits (a)
4
5
Long-term incentive compensation
28
34
Other
Allocated Expenses (b)
Management services
65
69
Occupancy-related
services
8
7
(a) The service cost component related
to Cox’s qualified and nonqualified pension plans and postretirement benefits is recorded
to operating costs and expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The
non-service cost component, which includes interest cost, expected return on plan assets,
prior service cost amortization and actuarial loss amortization, is recorded to miscellaneous
income — net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(b) Cox receives certain management
(e.g., legal, corporate secretarial, tax, cash management, treasury, internal audit, risk
management, employee benefit administration and other support services) and occupancy-related
(e.g., repairs and maintenance, utilities, insurance and property taxes) services from CEI.
Amounts due from CEI
Cox receives day-to-day cash management services
from CEI, with settlements of outstanding balances between Cox and CEI occurring periodically. The amounts due from CEI are due on demand
and represent the net balance of the intercompany transactions. The interest rate is based on CEI's internal borrowing rate, generally
determined from CEI's rates under the Credit Facility, which ranged from 3.76% to 3.78% during the three months ended March 31,
2026, and 4.41% to 4.43% during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The associated interest income was $41 million and $45 million
for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Other Related Party Transactions
There are various other related party activities
between Cox and related parties that individually and in the aggregate, are not material to Cox's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
-12-
EX-99.4 — EXHIBIT 99.4
EX-99.4
Filename: tm2621145d1_ex99-4.htm · Sequence: 5
Exhibit 99.4
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
The accompanying unaudited pro forma condensed
combined financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and for the year ended December 31, 2025
are intended to reflect the impact of the Cox Transactions on the consolidated financial statements of Charter Communications, Inc.
(“Charter”), as if the Cox Transactions had occurred as of March 31, 2026 for the unaudited pro forma condensed combined
balance sheet and as of January 1, 2025 for the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations. The accompanying
unaudited pro forma financial statements present the pro forma financial position and results of operations of Charter based on the historical
financial statements and accounting records of Charter and Cox Communications, Inc (“Cox Communications”) and the related
pro forma transaction accounting adjustments as described in the accompanying notes. The transaction accounting adjustments are intended
to reflect U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) to illustrate the effects of the transactions on Charter’s
historical financial statements.
The Transactions
On May 16, 2025, Charter, Charter Communications
Holdings, LLC (“Charter Holdings”), and Cox Enterprises, Inc. (“Cox Enterprises”) entered into a Transaction
Agreement (the “Transaction Agreement”) pursuant to which (i) Cox Enterprises will sell and transfer to Charter 100%
of the equity interests of certain subsidiaries of Cox Communications that conduct Cox Communications’ commercial fiber and managed
IT and cloud services businesses (the “Equity Sale”), (ii) Cox Enterprises will contribute the equity interests of Cox
Communications and certain other assets (other than certain excluded assets) primarily related to Cox Communications’ residential
cable business to Charter Holdings (the “Contribution”), and (iii) Cox Enterprises will pay $1.00 to Charter (collectively,
the “Cox Transactions”). Under the Transaction Agreement, Charter and Cox Enterprises may designate one or more wholly owned
subsidiaries to take actions with respect to Charter and Cox Enterprises, respectively.
Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, at the
closing of the Cox Transactions:
· in consideration of the Equity Sale, Charter
will pay $3.5 billion in cash to Cox Enterprises;
· in consideration of the Contribution,
Charter Holdings will (i) pay to Cox Enterprises $650 million in cash and (ii) issue
to Cox Enterprises convertible preferred units of Charter Holdings with an aggregate liquidation
preference of $6.0 billion, which will pay a 6.875% dividend per annum, and approximately
33.6 million Charter Holdings common units. The Charter Holdings convertible preferred units
will be convertible into Charter Holdings common units, with an initial conversion price
of $477.41, subject to certain adjustments. The Charter Holdings common units will be exchangeable
by the holder, in certain circumstances, for cash or, at the election of Charter, Charter
Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to certain adjustments; and
· in consideration of the $1.00 payment
from Cox Enterprises to Charter, Charter will issue to Cox Enterprises one share of the newly
created Charter Class C common stock. The Charter Class C common stock will be
equivalent, economically, to the outstanding Charter Class A common stock and the Charter
Class B common stock but will have a number of votes per share that reflect the voting
power of the Charter Holdings common units and the Charter Holdings convertible preferred
units held by Cox Enterprises on an as-converted, as-exchanged basis.
The combined entity will assume Cox Communications’
approximately $12.4 billion in outstanding net debt and finance leases.
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited pro forma financial statements
are based on (i) the unaudited consolidated financial statements of Charter as of and for the three months ended March 31,
2026 contained in Charter’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on April 24, 2026, (ii) the unaudited
consolidated financial statements of Cox Communications as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 contained in this Current
Report on Form 8-K, (iii) the audited consolidated financial statements of Charter as of and for the year ended December 31,
2025 contained in Charter’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 30, 2026, and (iv) the audited
consolidated financial statements of Cox Communications as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025 contained in this Current
Report on Form 8-K.
1
The Cox Transactions will be accounted for using
the acquisition method of accounting with Charter as the accounting acquirer. As of the date of this current report, Charter has not
completed the detailed valuation studies necessary to arrive at final estimates of the fair market value of the assets to be acquired
and the liabilities to be assumed and the related allocations of purchase price, nor has it identified all adjustments necessary to conform
Cox Communications to Charter’s accounting policies. As indicated in Note 1 to the unaudited pro forma financial statements, based
on information currently available, Charter has made certain adjustments to the historical book values of the assets and liabilities
of Cox Communications to reflect preliminary estimates of fair values necessary to prepare the unaudited pro forma financial statements.
Actual results may differ from these unaudited pro forma financial statements once the Cox Transactions are completed which includes
determining the final purchase price for Cox Communications, completing the valuation studies necessary to finalize the required purchase
price allocations, and identifying any additional conforming accounting policy changes for Cox Communications. There can be no assurance
that such finalization will not result in material changes.
The unaudited pro forma financial statements
are provided for illustrative purposes only and are based on available information and assumptions that Charter believes are reasonable
and do not purport to represent what the actual consolidated results of operations or the consolidated financial position of Charter
would have been had the Cox Transactions occurred on the dates indicated, nor are they necessarily indicative of future consolidated
results of operations or consolidated financial position. The actual financial position and results of operations will differ, perhaps
significantly, from the pro forma amounts reflected herein due to a variety of factors, including access to additional information, changes
in value not currently identified and changes in operating results following the date of the pro forma financial statements. The assumptions
underlying the pro forma adjustments are described in greater detail in the accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined
financial statements.
Items Not Adjusted in the Unaudited Pro
Forma Financial Information
The unaudited pro forma financial statements
do not reflect all reclassifications or adjustments to conform the Cox Communications financial statement presentation or accounting
policies to those adopted by Charter. At this time, Charter is not aware of any intercompany transactions that would have a material
impact on the unaudited pro forma financial statements that are not reflected in the pro forma adjustments. Further review may identify
additional intercompany transactions, reclassifications or differences between the accounting policies of the companies that, when conformed,
could have a material impact on the unaudited pro forma financial statements of the combined company.
The unaudited pro forma financial statements
do not include any adjustment for liabilities or related costs that may result from integration activities, since management has not
completed the process of making these assessments. Significant liabilities and related costs may ultimately be recorded for employee
severance or relocation, costs of vacating some facilities and costs associated with other exit and integration activities. The unaudited
pro forma statements of operations also do not include any revenue or expense synergies or dis-synergies resulting from the Cox Transactions.
In connection with the Cox Transactions, at the
closing, Charter, Cox Enterprises and Advance/Newhouse Partnership (“A/N”) will enter into the amended tax receivables agreement,
which will set forth the terms pursuant to which Charter will pay Cox Enterprises and A/N, as applicable, for tax benefits arising from
Cox Enterprises’ or A/N’s potential future exchanges of their respective Charter Holdings common units and Charter Holdings
convertible preferred units, as applicable, into cash or Charter Class A common stock pursuant to the amended exchange agreement.
The amended tax receivables agreement will provide for a payment by Charter of 50% of the tax benefits when realized by Charter from
the step-up in tax basis resulting from any such future exchanges. A/N is currently party to the existing tax receivables agreement with
Charter, and such agreement will be amended and restated by the amended tax receivables agreement at the closing. Charter has not recorded
a pro forma adjustment for the tax receivables agreement with Cox Enterprises as a contingent consideration obligation in the preliminary
purchase price allocation as it is impractical to estimate its fair value since the tax benefit is dependent on uncertain future events
that are outside Charter’s control. A future exchange is not based on a fixed and determinable date and the exchange is not certain
to occur.
2
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED
COMBINED BALANCE SHEET
AS OF MARCH 31,
2026
(dollars in millions)
Charter
(Historical)
Cox
Communications
(Historical)
Pro Forma
Adjustments
Pro Forma
Combined
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 517
$ 84
$ (154 )
1a
$ 447
Accounts receivable, net
3,510
650
—
4,160
Amounts due from Cox Enterprises, Inc.
—
4,154
(4,154 )
1b
—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
933
355
—
1,288
Total current assets
4,960
5,243
(4,308 )
5,895
INVESTMENT IN CABLE PROPERTIES:
Property, plant and equipment, net
47,198
12,534
3,966
1c
63,698
Customer relationships, net
324
485
3,115
1c
3,924
Franchises
67,471
10,275
(3,800 )
1c
73,946
Goodwill
29,710
1,260
(1,260 )
1c
29,710
Total investment in cable properties, net
144,703
24,554
2,021
171,278
OTHER NONCURRENT ASSETS
4,981
991
(351 )
1d
5,621
Total assets
$ 154,644
$ 30,788
$ (2,638 )
$ 182,794
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities
$ 12,375
$ 1,804
$ —
$ 14,179
Current portion of long-term debt
—
1,042
—
1,042
Total current liabilities
12,375
2,846
—
15,221
LONG-TERM DEBT
94,414
11,464
2,780
1e
108,658
EQUIPMENT INSTALLMENT PLAN FINANCING FACILITY
1,596
—
—
1,596
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES
20,049
4,545
(4,896 )
1f
19,698
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
5,140
454
—
5,594
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Controlling interests
16,385
11,479
(14,456 )
1g
13,408
Noncontrolling interests
4,685
—
13,934
1g
18,619
Total shareholders’ equity
21,070
11,479
(522 )
32,027
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$ 154,644
$ 30,788
$ (2,638 )
$ 182,794
See accompanying “Notes to Unaudited Pro
Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements”
3
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED
COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026
(dollars and weighted average shares outstanding
in millions, except per share amounts)
Charter
(Historical)
Cox
Communications
(Historical)
Pro Forma
Adjustments
Pro Forma
Combined
REVENUES
$ 13,597
$ 3,059
$ 13
2a
$ 16,669
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below)
8,163
1,740
(52 )
2b
9,851
Depreciation and amortization
2,211
538
114
2c
2,863
Other operating expenses, net
15
46
2
2d
63
10,389
2,324
64
12,777
Income from operations
3,208
735
(51 )
3,892
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES):
Interest expense, net
(1,256 )
(111 )
(137 )
2e
(1,504 )
Other expenses, net
(124 )
16
(17 )
2f
(125 )
(1,380 )
(95 )
(154 )
(1,629 )
Income before income taxes
1,828
640
(205 )
2,263
Income tax expense
(465 )
(138 )
159
2g
(444 )
Consolidated net income
1,363
502
(46 )
1,819
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(200 )
—
(520 )
2h
(720 )
Net income attributable to Charter shareholders
$ 1,163
$ 502
$ (566 )
$ 1,099
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
Basic
$ 9.27
2i
$ 8.79
Diluted
$ 9.17
2i
$ 8.70
WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING:
Basic
125
2i
125
Diluted
127
2i
127
See accompanying “Notes to Unaudited Pro
Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements”
4
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT
OF OPERATIONS
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025
(dollars and weighted average shares outstanding
in millions, except per share amounts)
Charter
(Historical)
Cox
Communications
(Historical)
Pro Forma
Adjustments
Pro Forma
Combined
REVENUES
$ 54,774
$ 12,531
$ 54
2a
$ 67,359
COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Operating costs and expenses (exclusive of items shown separately below)
32,739
7,543
(222 )
2b
40,060
Depreciation and amortization
8,711
2,158
505
2c
11,374
Impairment of intangible assets
—
5,604
—
5,604
Other operating expenses, net
416
192
153
2d
761
41,866
15,497
436
57,799
Income (loss) from operations
12,908
(2,966 )
(382 )
9,560
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES):
Interest expense, net
(5,042 )
(424 )
(568 )
2e
(6,034 )
Other expenses, net
(408 )
(30 )
(30 )
2f
(468 )
(5,450 )
(454 )
(598 )
(6,502 )
Income (loss) before income taxes
7,458
(3,420 )
(980 )
3,058
Income tax expense
(1,692 )
772
425
2g
(495 )
Consolidated net income (loss)
5,766
(2,648 )
(555 )
2,563
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(779 )
—
(388 )
2h
(1,167 )
Net income (loss) attributable to Charter shareholders
$ 4,987
$ (2,648 )
$ (943 )
$ 1,396
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
Basic
$ 36.90
2i
$ 10.34
Diluted
$ 36.21
2i
$ 10.15
WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING:
Basic
135
2i
135
Diluted
138
2i
138
See accompanying “Notes to Unaudited Pro
Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements”
5
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1. Cox Transactions Pro Forma Balance
Sheet Adjustments
For purposes of the unaudited pro forma financial
statements, the preliminary purchase price is assumed to be approximately $14.3 billion based on preliminary fair value estimates for
each component of consideration transferred to Cox Enterprises. The Charter Holdings common units which are exchangeable into Charter
Class A common stock are fair valued based on a $142.21 closing price of Charter Class A common stock on June 30, 2026,
representing the last business day of the most recently completed month. The Charter Holdings convertible preferred units fair value
estimate is based on an initial preferred instrument multiple above the $6.0 billion aggregate liquidation preference contemplating a
6.875% preferred cash dividend and estimated fair value of Charter Class A common stock upon conversion. The final purchase price
will be different from the preliminary purchase price presented as the fair value of the equity portion of the Cox Transactions consideration
will be based on the fair value of Charter Class A common stock at closing.
(in millions, except price per share
data)
Charter Holdings common units issued to Cox Enterprises
33.6
Closing price as of June 30, 2026
$ 142.21
Estimated fair value of Charter Holdings common units issued
to Cox Enterprises
$ 4,776
Estimated fair value of Charter Holdings convertible preferred
units issued to Cox Enterprises
5,378
Cash paid to Cox Enterprises
4,150
Total preliminary
purchase price
$ 14,304
The table below presents the allocation of the
preliminary purchase price to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their respective estimated fair values as if
the Cox Transactions had closed on March 31, 2026.
(in millions)
Current assets
$ 1,105
Property, plant and equipment
16,500
Customer relationships
3,600
Franchises
6,475
Other noncurrent assets
640
Current liabilities (includes current portion of long-term
debt of $1.0 billion)
(2,846 )
Long-term debt
(10,122 )
Deferred income taxes
(594 )
Other long-term liabilities
(454 )
$ 14,304
The preliminary estimates are based upon currently
available information. As such, additional assets and liabilities may be identified and reflected in the final purchase price allocation.
Upon finalization of the fair value assessment,
Charter anticipates the finalized fair values of the net assets acquired will differ from the preliminary assessment outlined above.
Generally, changes to the initial estimates of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed will be recorded as adjustments
to those assets and liabilities and residual amounts will be allocated to goodwill. If upon completion of the valuations, the fair values
are greater or less than the amounts included in the preliminary purchase price allocation above, such a change would not likely have
a material impact on the financial position or results of operations of Charter.
6
The following summarizes the pro forma balance
sheet adjustments relating to the Cox Transactions:
(a) Pro forma adjustment of $154 million to cash
and cash equivalents represents the use of cash to pay approximately $142 million of remaining
transaction costs not already reflected in the historical financial statements including
advisor fees and other expenses directly related to the Cox Transactions, as well as $28
million use of cash to pay debt issuance costs, offset by $16 million source of cash from
Cox Enterprises to reflect minimum operating cash of $100 million to be assumed at closing
per the Transaction Agreement. Refer to (e) below for sources and uses of cash.
(b) Represents the elimination of the intercompany
note receivable from Cox Enterprises not assumed in the Cox Transactions.
(c) For pro forma purposes, preliminary estimates
are used for allocations of the purchase price to Cox Communications' property, plant and
equipment; customer relationships; and franchises. As of the filing date, Charter has not
completed the detailed valuation studies necessary to determine the fair value of Cox Communications'
assets to be acquired and liabilities to be assumed, or the related allocations of purchase
price. Accordingly, the allocation of purchase price to acquired tangible and intangible
assets is based on preliminary fair value estimates and is subject to revision following
management's final analysis, with assistance from third-party valuation advisors, upon completion
of the Cox transactions. The estimated tangible and intangible asset values and their remaining
useful lives may materially change based on information obtained during the acquisition process
and circumstances occurring prior to closing.
(d) Represents the write-down of the Cox Communications
trade name intangible under the market participant assumption that it will not continue as
a market-based intangible. The Spectrum trade name will be used to market or promote the
products and services of the combined company across the Cox footprint whereas the Cox Communications
trade name will become the name of the combined company within one year of closing the Cox
Transactions.
(e) Cox Communications’ debt assumed was
adjusted to the most recent available estimated fair value using quoted market values as
of June 30, 2026 representing the last business day of the most recently completed month.
This adjustment resulted in a decrease in long-term debt of approximately $1.3 billion. The
fair value adjustment to long-term debt is a result of quoted market values of Cox Communications’
debt being lower than the face amount of the related debt as a result of market interest
rates being higher than the stated interest rate of the debt. In acquisition accounting,
this results in the recognition of a debt discount that is amortized as an increase to interest
expense over the remaining life of the debt. In addition, long-term debt was also adjusted
to reflect $4.15 billion new debt raised, less debt issuance costs, to fund the preliminary
purchase price of the Cox Transactions. This includes an additional $150 million for Cox
Communications’ repayment of bond at maturity in June 2025 that they no longer
intend to refinance before closing of the Cox Transactions.
The following table presents pro forma
cash sources and uses as a result of the Cox Transactions.
(in millions)
Sources:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
$ 4,150
Cox Communications cash and cash equivalents assumed
84
Cox Enterprises cash contributed to reflect minimum operating
cash
16
Charter cash and cash equivalents on-hand
70
$ 4,320
Uses:
Cash portion of purchase price paid to Cox Enterprises
$ 4,150
Remaining transaction costs including advisor fees and
other expenses
142
Debt issuance costs
28
$ 4,320
7
(f) For pro forma purposes, deferred taxes are
presented dependent on the anticipated tax treatment for the Contribution and the Equity
Sale components of the Cox Transactions. The Contribution is treated as a nontaxable partnership
contribution and no Charter deferred taxes are assumed to be recorded in purchase accounting
as the excess book basis of net assets contributed is associated with the noncontrolling
interest partner, Cox Enterprises, and not the controlling interest partner, Charter. The
Equity Sale is treated as a taxable stock acquisition and the tax attributes of the Cox Communications
subsidiaries acquired are assumed to carry over to Charter and net deferred tax liabilities
of $594 million are estimated to be recorded in purchase accounting reflecting historical
temporary difference of these subsidiaries contemplating additional book step-up and applying
an estimated tax rate of 25%. Lastly, on the relative ownership adjustment of Charter Holdings,
a $945 million reduction in deferred tax liabilities is estimated for the carrying value
adjustment to Charter’s common units held in Charter Holdings applying an estimated
tax rate of 25%. Refer to (h) below on relative ownership adjustment to shareholders’
equity.
(g) Pro forma adjustments to controlling interests
and noncontrolling interests in shareholders’ equity are reflected as follows.
(in millions)
Controlling Interests:
Elimination of Cox Communications’ historical
equity
$ (11,479 )
Payment of remaining transaction costs including advisor
fees
(142 )
Relative ownership adjustment of Charter
Holdings’ common unit equity balances, net of tax
(2,835 )
$ (14,456 )
Noncontrolling Interests:
Fair value of the Charter Holdings common units issued to
Cox Enterprises
$ 4,776
Fair value of the Charter Holdings convertible preferred
units issued to Cox Enterprises
5,378
Relative ownership adjustment of Charter
Holdings’ common unit equity balances
3,780
$ 13,934
The Charter Holdings common units issued to Cox
Enterprises as a portion of the consideration for the Contribution initially are measured at their fair value of $4.8 billion in accordance
with acquisition accounting. However, upon new partner entry to Charter Holdings, the carrying amounts of the common units of the controlling
interest (Charter) and noncontrolling interests (Cox Enterprises and A/N) are adjusted to reflect their relative effective common ownership
interest in Charter Holdings. Relative ownership adjustment results in an increase to noncontrolling interests of approximately $3.8 billion
and a corresponding decrease to additional paid-in capital of $3.8 billion, net of a $945 million reduction in deferred income
taxes, for Charter’s decrease in book basis in Charter Holdings.
Note 2. Cox Transactions Pro Forma Statement
of Operations Adjustments
The following summarizes the pro forma statement
of operations adjustments relating to the Cox Transactions.
(a) Proforma adjustments to revenues of $13 million
and $54 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and year ended December 31,
2025, respectively, represent reclassifications of customer revenues treated as contra-expense
in Cox Communications historical financials in order to conform to Charter’s financial
statement presentation including i) cash collected from customers to recover collection costs
reclassed from operating costs and expenses, ii) cash collected from customers for unreturned
equipment fees reclassed from other operating expenses, net, and iii) real estate sublease
income reclassed from other expenses, net.
(b) Pro forma adjustments to operating costs
and expenses of $52 million and $222 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026
and year ended December 31, 2025, respectively, represents costs related to excluded
parent company obligations and intercompany cost allocations from Cox Enterprises that are
to be terminated by Cox Communications at the closing in connection with the Transaction
Agreement. Following the closing, these costs will not be incurred by Charter. Pro forma
adjustments to operating costs and expenses also includes the reclassification of customer
revenues treated as contra-expense in Cox Communications historical financials in order to
conform to Charter’s financial statement presentation. See Note 2(a).
8
(c) Depreciation and amortization increased by
$114 million and $505 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and year ended
December 31, 2025, respectively, as follows.
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2026
Year Ended
December 31, 2025
(in millions)
Depreciation
Amortization
Total
Depreciation
Amortization
Total
Cox Communications pro forma expense based on
fair value
$ 516
$ 136
$ 652
$ 2,063
$ 600
$ 2,663
Cox Communications historical expense
(538 )
(2,158 )
$ 114
$ 505
The increase was estimated using a
preliminary average remaining useful life of 8 years for property, plant and equipment and 11 years for customer relationships. Property,
plant and equipment are depreciated using a straight-line depreciation method. Customer relationships are amortized using an accelerated
method (sum of the years’ digits) to reflect the period over which the relationships are expected to generate cash flows. Following
the acquisition, Cox Communications’ pro forma customer relationships of $3.6 billion would result in amortization expense under
the accelerated method of $600 million for year 1, $545 million for year 2, $491 million for year 3, $436 million for year 4, $382 million
for year 5 and $1.1 billion thereafter. The effect of a one-year decrease in the weighted average useful lives of property, plant and
equipment and customer relationships would be an increase to depreciation and amortization expense of approximately $85 million and $349
million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and year ended December 31, 2025, respectively, while the effect of a one-year
increase would result in a decrease of approximately $67 million and $275 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and
year ended December 31, 2025, respectively. The pro forma adjustments are based on current estimates and may not reflect actual
depreciation and amortization once the purchase price allocation is finalized and final determination of remaining useful lives are made.
(d) Pro forma adjustment to increase other operating
expenses, net by $153 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 primarily represents
the payment of remaining transaction costs not already reflected in the historical financial
statements including advisor fees and other expenses directly related to the Cox Transactions.
Transaction costs of $15 million and $128 million are included in the historical income statement
of Charter within other operating expenses, net for the three months ended March 31,
2026 and year ended December 31, 2025, respectively. Pro forma adjustments to other
operating expenses, net for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and year ended December 31,
2025 also includes the reclassification of customer revenues treated as contra-expense in
Cox Communications historical financials in order to conform to Charter’s financial
statement presentation. See Note 2(a).
(e) Interest expense, net increased by $137 million
and $568 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and year ended December 31,
2025, respectively, as follows.
(in millions)
Three
Months Ended
March 31, 2026
Year
Ended
December 31, 2025
Additional interest expense on new debt issued
$ (68 )
$ (270 )
Elimination of intercompany note interest income
(41 )
(188 )
Amortization of discount as a result of adjusting assumed
Cox Communications’ long-term debt to fair value
(29 )
(118 )
Amortization of new debt issuance costs
(1 )
(2 )
Elimination of amortization related to
Cox Communications’ debt discounts and debt issuance costs
2
10
$ (137 )
$ (568 )
9
(f) Pro forma adjustment to increase other expenses,
net by $17 million and $30 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and year
ended December 31, 2025, respectively, primarily represents the elimination of the Cox
Enterprises allocated non-service component of pension benefit. Following the closing, these
pension benefits will not be incurred by Charter. Pro forma adjustments to other expenses,
net also includes the reclassification of customer revenues treated as contra-expense in
Cox Communications historical financials in order to conform to Charter’s financial
statement presentation. See Note 2(a).
(g) The pro forma adjustment to income tax expense
of $159 million and $425 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and year
ended December 31, 2025, respectively, was determined by removing Cox Communications’
income tax expense and applying an estimated Charter tax rate of 25% to pro forma income
before taxes allocated to Charter after the allocation of profits to the noncontrolling interest
holders.
(h) Net income attributable to noncontrolling
interest increased by $520 million and $388 million for the three months ended March 31,
2026 and year ended December 31, 2025, respectively, as shown in the following table.
All ownership amounts are calculated using whole numbers; minor differences may exist due
to rounding.
(in millions)
Three
Months Ended
March 31, 2026
Year
Ended
December 31, 2025
Charter Holdings pro forma income before income
taxes
$ 2,263
$ 3,058
Charter Holdings 6.875% cash dividend
to Cox Enterprises preferred unit holders
(103 )
(413 )
Charter Holdings pro forma income before income taxes available
for allocation to common unit holders
$ 2,160
$ 2,645
Noncontrolling interest in Charter Holdings
excluding preferred units based on pro forma common unit ownership of Charter Holdings (19.5% Cox Enterprises and 9.0% A/N)
28.5 %
28.5 %
Noncontrolling interest expense - Charter Holdings common
units
$ 617
$ 754
Noncontrolling interest expense - Charter Holdings convertible
preferred units
103
413
Eliminate historical noncontrolling interest
expense recorded based on historical A/N common unit ownership of Charter Holdings
(200 )
(779 )
$ 520
$ 388
10
(i) The following table sets forth the computation
of pro forma basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31,
2026 and year ended December 31, 2025. Not included in the computation of pro forma
diluted earnings per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive are the 33.6 million
Charter Holdings common units and the 12.6 billion equivalent common units for the Charter
Holdings convertible preferred units ($6.0 billion par value divided by $477.41 initial conversion
price) issued to Cox Enterprises on an if-converted, if-exchanged basis.
(in millions,
except per share data)
Three
Months Ended
March 31, 2026
Year
Ended
December 31, 2025
Numerator:
Pro forma net income attributable
to common stock
$ 1,099
$ 1,396
Denominator:
Pro forma Charter weighted average shares outstanding
(basic)
125
135
Effect of dilutive securities:
Assumed exercise
or issuance of shares relating to stock plans
2
3
Pro forma weighted average common shares outstanding,
diluted
127
138
Pro forma net income per share attributable to common stock:
Basic
$ 8.79
$ 10.34
Diluted
$ 8.70
$ 10.15
11
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DE
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