Form 8-K

8-K — Alto Ingredients, Inc.

Accession: 0001213900-26-086750

Filed: 2026-08-07

Period: 2026-08-05

CIK: 0000778164

SIC: 2860 (INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS)

Item: Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement

Item: Financial Statements and Exhibits

Documents

8-K — ea0300670-8k_alto.htm (Primary)

EX-5.1 — OPINION OF TROUTMAN PEPPER LOCKE LLP (ea030067001ex5-1.htm)

EX-10.1 — AT-THE-MARKET ISSUANCE SALES AGREEMENT, DATED AS OF AUGUST 5, 2026, BY AND AMONG ALTO INGREDIENTS, INC., CRAIG-HALLUM CAPITAL GROUP LLC, THE BENCHMARK COMPANY, LLC AND H.C. WAINWRIGHT & CO., LLC (ea030067001ex10-1.htm)

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8-K — CURRENT REPORT

8-K (Primary)

Filename: ea0300670-8k_alto.htm · Sequence: 1

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2026-08-05

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of

earliest event reported): August

5, 2026

ALTO INGREDIENTS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

Delaware

000-21467

41-2170618

(State or Other Jurisdiction

of Incorporation)

(Commission File Number)

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

1300 South Second Street

Pekin, Illinois

61554

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone

Number, Including Area Code: (833)

710-2586

N/A

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since

Last Report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K

filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General

Instruction A.2. below):

☐

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)

of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.001 par value

ALTO

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

(Nasdaq Capital Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the

registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (17 CFR §230.405) or Rule 12b-2

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (17 CFR §240.12b-2).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check

mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting

standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Item 1.01. Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.

On August 5, 2026, Alto Ingredients,

Inc. (the “Company”) entered into an At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Craig-Hallum

Capital Group LLC (the “Designated Agent”), The Benchmark Company, LLC and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (each, an “Agent,”

and collectively, the “Agents”). In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, from time-to-time the Company may offer

and sell shares of its common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Shares”), having an aggregate offering price of up to

$50.0 million (the “Offering”), through the Designated Agent acting as designated sales agent and/or to any Agent selected

by the Company, acting as principal.

Any Shares offered and sold in

the Offering will be issued pursuant to the Company’s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-295723) (the “Registration

Statement”), which was initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on May 8, 2026, and declared

effective on May 22, 2026, including the base prospectus contained in the Registration Statement, as supplemented by a prospectus supplement

filed with the SEC on August 5, 2026 pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

The Company currently intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering, if any, for general corporate purposes, including working capital

and capital expenditures.

Sales of Shares, if any, under

the Sales Agreement may be made in any transactions permitted by law that are deemed to be “at the market offerings” as defined

in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. The Agents will use commercially reasonable efforts to sell the Shares from time to time, based

upon instructions from the Company (including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions the Company may

impose).

The Sales Agreement contains

customary representations, warranties and agreements by the Company, indemnification obligations of the Company and the Agents, including

for liabilities under the Securities Act, other obligations of the parties and termination provisions. Under the terms of the Sales Agreement,

the Company will pay the Agents a commission equal to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from the Offering. The Company will also reimburse

the Agents for certain expenses incurred in connection with the Sales Agreement.

The Company is not obligated

to make any sales of Shares under the Sales Agreement. No assurance can be given that the Company will sell any Shares under the Sales

Agreement, or, if it does, as to the price or amount of Shares that it sells or the dates when such sales will take place. The offering

of Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all Shares subject to the Sales Agreement

and (ii) the termination of the Sales Agreement in accordance with its terms.

The foregoing description of

the Sales Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such document. A copy of the Sales

Agreement is attached as Exhibit 10.1 hereto and is incorporated herein by reference.

A copy of the opinion of Troutman

Pepper Locke LLP relating to the validity of the Shares to be issued in the Offering is filed herewith as Exhibit 5.1.

This Current Report on Form 8-K

shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any Shares, nor shall there be any sale of such Shares in

any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws

of any such state. The provisions of the Sales Agreement, including the representations and warranties contained therein, are not for

the benefit of any party other than the parties to the Sales Agreement and are not intended as a document for investors or the public

to obtain factual information about the Company’s current state of affairs. Rather, investors and the public should look to other

disclosures contained in the Company’s public filings with the SEC.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits.

Number

Description

5.1

Opinion of Troutman Pepper Locke LLP

10.1

At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2026, by and among Alto Ingredients, Inc., Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC, The Benchmark Company, LLC and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

23.1

Consent of Troutman Pepper Locke (contained in Exhibit 5.1)

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto

duly authorized.

Date: August 7, 2026

ALTO INGREDIENTS, INC.

By:

/s/ ROBERT R. OLANDER

Robert R. Olander,

Chief Financial Officer

EX-5.1 — OPINION OF TROUTMAN PEPPER LOCKE LLP

EX-5.1

Filename: ea030067001ex5-1.htm · Sequence: 2

Exhibit 5.1

Troutman Pepper Locke LLP

100 Spectrum Center Drive, Suite 1500

Irvine, CA 92618

troutman.com

August 7, 2026

Board of Directors

Alto Ingredients, Inc.

1300 South Second Street

Pekin, IL 61554

Re: At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to

Alto Ingredients, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the issuance and sale of

up to $50,000,000 of shares (the “Shares”) of common stock of the Company, $0.001 par value per share, from

time to time and at various prices in an “at the market offering” pursuant to the terms of the At-The-Market Issuance Sales

Agreement, dated August 5, 2026 (the “Sales Agreement”), by and among the Company, Craig-Hallum Capital Group

LLC, The Benchmark Company, LLC and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (each, an “Agent,” and collectively, the

“Agents”). The Shares are being offered and sold (the “Offering”) pursuant to a Registration

Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-295723) originally filed on May 8, 2026 and declared effective on May 22, 2026 (such Registration Statement,

as amended, and the documents incorporated by reference therein, the “Registration Statement”), the base prospectus

included in the Registration Statement (the “Prospectus”) and the prospectus supplement related to the Offering,

dated August 5, 2026 (the “Prospectus Supplement”). This opinion letter is being furnished to you pursuant to

the requirements of Item 16 of Form S-3 and Item 601(b)(5)(i) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

We have reviewed the corporate

proceedings taken by the Company with respect to the registration of the offer and sale of the Shares. We have also examined and relied

upon originals or copies of such corporate records, documents, agreements or other instruments of the Company, and such certificates and

records of public officials, and such other papers, as we have deemed necessary or appropriate in connection herewith. As to all matters

of fact, we have relied entirely upon certificates of officers of the Company, and have assumed, without independent inquiry, the accuracy

of those certificates.

In rendering this opinion,

we have assumed: the genuineness and authenticity of all signatures on original documents; the legal capacity of all natural persons;

the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals; the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as certified

or photocopies; the accuracy and completeness of all documents and records reviewed by us; the accuracy, completeness and authenticity

of certificates issued by any governmental official, office or agency and the absence of change in the information contained therein from

the effective date of any such certificate; and the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents where authorization, execution

and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness of such documents, except we make no such assumption as to the Company.

Board of Directors

Alto Ingredients, Inc.

August 7, 2026

Page 2

Subject to the limitations

set forth herein, we have made such examination of law as we have deemed necessary for the purposes of expressing the opinions set forth

in this letter. We express no opinion herein as to the law of any state or jurisdiction other than the General Corporation Law of the

State of Delaware, as currently in effect.

Based on and subject to

the foregoing and the exclusions, qualifications, limitations and other assumptions set forth in this opinion letter, we are of the

opinion that when (i) the Shares have been issued and sold as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the

Prospectus Supplement, (ii) the Company has received the consideration provided for in the Sales Agreement, and (iii) such

consideration per share is not less than the amount specified by the pricing committee of the Company’s board of directors,

which committee was established in the proceedings of the Company’s board of directors approving the Sales Agreement, such

Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

In rendering this opinion,

we have assumed that the resolutions of the board of directors (or a duly authorized committee thereof) of the Company authorizing the

Company to issue and deliver and sell the Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement will be in full force and effect at all times at which

the Shares are issued and delivered or sold by the Company, and the Company will take no action inconsistent with such resolutions.

This opinion letter is given

as of the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to supplement this opinion if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if

we become aware of any facts or circumstances that may change the opinions expressed herein after the date hereof.

We hereby consent to the filing

of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, dated the date hereof, filed by the Company and incorporated by reference

into the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm under the heading “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus Supplement.

In rendering this opinion and giving this consent, we do not admit that we are an “expert” within the meaning of the Securities

Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Troutman Pepper Locke LLP

Troutman Pepper Locke LLP

EX-10.1

Filename: ea030067001ex10-1.htm · Sequence: 3

Exhibit 10.1

ALTO INGREDIENTS, INC.

Common Stock

(par value $0.001 per share)

At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement

August 5, 2026

Craig-Hallum Capital Group, LLC

323 N Washington Ave., Suite 300

Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401

The Benchmark Company, LLC

150 E. 58th Street, 17th Floor

New York, New York 10155

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

430 Park Avenue, 3rd Floor

New York, New York 10022

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Alto Ingredients, Inc.,

a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”) with

Craig-Hallum Capital Group, LLC (“Craig-Hallum” or the “Designated Agent”), The Benchmark

Company, LLC and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (each, an “Agent”, and collectively with Craig-Hallum, the

“Agents”), as follows:

1. Issuance

and Sale of Shares. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the terms and subject

to the conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell through the Designated Agent, shares (the “Placement Shares”)

of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Shares”), up to an aggregate offering

price of $50,000,000, provided, however, that in no event shall the Company issue or sell through the Designated Agent such number of

Placement Shares that (a) would cause the Company to not satisfy the eligibility requirements for use of Form S-3 (including Instruction

I.B.6. thereof, if applicable), (b) exceeds the number of Common Shares registered on the effective Registration Statement (as defined

below) pursuant to which the offering is being made or (c) exceeds the number of authorized but unissued Common Shares (the lesser of

(a), (b) and (c), the “Maximum Amount”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the

parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in this Section 1 on the amount of Placement Shares issued and sold

under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company and that the Designated Agent shall have no obligation in connection

with such compliance if acting in accordance with any Placement Notice that has not been suspended or terminated by the Company. The

issuance and sale of Placement Shares through the Designated Agent will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement (as defined

below) filed by the Company and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”), although

nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration Statement to issue any Placement Shares.

The Company has filed prior

to the date hereof, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”),

and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Securities Act Regulations”), with the Commission a registration statement

on Form S-3 (File No. 333-295723), including a base prospectus, relating to certain securities, including the Placement Shares to be issued

from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance

with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations

thereunder. The Company has also prepared, and may in the future prepare, a prospectus supplement specifically relating to

the Placement Shares (the “Prospectus Supplement”) to the base prospectus included as part of a Registration Statement

(as defined below). The Company will furnish to the Agents, for use by the Agents, copies of the base prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement,

relating to the Placement Shares. Except where the context otherwise requires, such registration statement, including all documents

filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below)

subsequently filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations or deemed to be a part of such

registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Securities Act Regulations, is herein called the “Registration Statement.”

If the Company elects to file a successor registration statement with respect to the Placement Shares, after the effectiveness of

any such registration statement, (i) all references to “Registration Statement” included in this Agreement shall be deemed

to include such new registration statement, including all documents filed as a part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and

including any information contained in a Prospectus subsequently filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities

Act Regulations or deemed to be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Securities Act Regulations. The base

prospectus, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented

by any prospectus supplement, including the Prospectus Supplement, or any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below), as applicable,

in the form in which such prospectus, Prospectus Supplement, and/or Permitted Free Writing Prospectus have most recently been filed by

the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations, is herein called the “Prospectus.”

Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to refer to

and include the documents incorporated by reference therein, including any exhibits thereto, and any reference herein to the terms “amend,”

“amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer

to and include the filing after the execution hereof of any document with the Commission deemed to be incorporated by reference therein,

including any exhibits thereto (the “Incorporated Documents”).

For purposes of this Agreement,

all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include the

most recent copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval System, or if applicable,

the Interactive Data Electronic Application system when used by the Commission (collectively, “EDGAR”).

2. Placements.

Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Placement Shares hereunder (each, a “Placement”), it will notify

the Designated Agent by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the parties) of the proposed terms of such Placement,

which shall include at a minimum the number of Placement Shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made

(which time period, for the avoidance of doubt, shall consist solely of Trading Day(s) (as defined below)), any limitation on the number

of Placement Shares that may be sold in any one day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made (a “Placement Notice”),

the form of which is attached hereto as Schedule 1. The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the individuals

from the Company set forth on Schedule 3 (with a copy to each of the other individuals from the Company listed on such schedule),

and shall be addressed to each of the individuals from the Designated Agent set forth on Schedule 3, as such Schedule 3 may be amended

from time to time. The Placement Notice shall be effective unless and until (i) the Designated Agent declines to accept

the terms contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion by email notice to the Company within one Business Day (as defined

below) from the time the Placement Notice is received, (ii) the entire amount of the Placement Shares thereunder have been sold,

(iii) the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice or (iv) this Agreement has been terminated under the provisions

of Section 13. The amount of any discount, commission or other compensation to be paid by the Company to the Agents in connection

with the sale of the Placement Shares shall be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in Schedule 2. It is

expressly acknowledged and agreed that neither the Company nor the Designated Agent will have any obligation whatsoever with respect to

a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to the Designated Agent and the Designated

Agent does not decline such Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and

herein. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the

Placement Notice will control. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company and the Agents agree that no sales of

Placement Shares shall take place, the Company shall not request the sales of any Placement Shares that would be sold and the Designated

Agent shall not be obligated to sell or offer to sell, during any period in which the Company is, or could be deemed to be, in possession

of material non-public information.

3. Sale

of Placement Shares by the Designated Agent.

(a) For

purposes of selling the Placement Shares through the Designated Agent, the Company hereby appoints the Designated Agent as exclusive agent

of the Company for the purpose of selling the Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of this

Agreement, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, the Designated Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent

with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of The Nasdaq Stock

Market (the “Exchange”), to sell the Placement Shares up to the amount specified, and otherwise in accordance with

the terms of such Placement Notice. The Designated Agent will provide prompt written confirmation to the Company and in no event later

than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined below) immediately following the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares

hereunder setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day, the compensation payable by the Company to the Agents pursuant

to Section 2 with respect to such sales, and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the Company, with an itemization of the deductions

made by the Designated Agent (as set forth in Section 5(b)) from the gross proceeds that it receives from such sales. Subject

to the terms of the Placement Notice, the Designated Agent shall sell Placement Shares only by methods deemed to be an “at the market”

offering as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act Regulations, including without limitation sales made directly on the Exchange,

on any other existing trading market for the Common Shares or to or through a market maker. Subject to the terms of the Placement

Notice and only with the Company’s prior written consent, the Designated Agent may also sell Placement Shares by any other method

permitted by law, including but not limited to in negotiated transactions or block transactions. “Trading Day”

means any day on which Common Shares are purchased and sold on the Exchange, other than a day on which the Exchange is scheduled to close

prior to its regular weekday closing time.

(b) During

the term of this Agreement, neither any Agent nor any of its affiliates or subsidiaries shall engage in (i) any short sale of any security

of the Company, (ii) any sale of any security of the Company that such Agent does not own or any sale which is consummated by the delivery

of a security of the Company borrowed by, or for the account of, such Agent or (iii) any market making bidding, stabilization or other

trading activity with respect to the Common Shares or related derivative securities, or attempt to induce another person to engage in

any of the foregoing, if such activity would be prohibited under Regulation M or other anti-manipulation rules under the Securities Act. Neither

any Agent nor any of its affiliates or subsidiaries shall engage in any proprietary trading or trading for such Agent’s (or its

affiliates’ or subsidiaries’) own account.

4. Suspension

of Sales. The Company or the Designated Agent may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence

to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged

by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by email correspondence

to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3), suspend any sale of Placement Shares; provided, however, that

such suspension shall not affect or impair any party’s obligations with respect to any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior to

the receipt of such notice. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this Section 4 shall be effective against

any other party unless it is made to one of the individuals named on Schedule 3 hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time.

5. Sale

and Delivery to the Designated Agent; Settlement.

(a) Sale

of Placement Shares. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions

herein set forth, unless the Designated Agent declines to accept the terms of a Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Placement

Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the Designated

Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading

and sales practices to sell such Placement Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in accordance with, the terms of such Placement

Notice. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance that the Designated Agent will be successful

in selling Placement Shares, (ii) the Agents will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if the

Designated Agent does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by the Designated Agent to use its commercially reasonable

efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement Shares as required

under this Agreement and (iii) the Agents shall be under no obligation to purchase Placement Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this

Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by the Agents and the Company.

(b) Settlement

of Placement Shares. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares

will occur on the first (1st) Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading) following the date on

which such sales are made (each, a “Settlement Date”). The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the Company

on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the “Net Proceeds”) will be equal to the aggregate

sales price received by the Designated Agent, after deduction for (i) the Agents’ commission, discount or other compensation for

such sales payable by the Company pursuant to Section 2 hereof, and (ii) any transaction fees imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory

organization in respect of such sales.

of Placement Shares. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically

transfer the Placement Shares being sold by crediting the Designated Agent’s or its designee’s account (provided the Designated

Agent shall have given the Company written notice of such designee a reasonable period of time prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository

Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon

by the parties hereto which in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On

each Settlement Date, the Designated Agent will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account designated by the Company

on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. If the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to

deliver Placement Shares on a Settlement Date, the Company agrees that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations

set forth in Section 11(a) hereto, it will (i) hold the Agents harmless against any loss, claim, damage or expense (including reasonable

legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company or its transfer agent (if applicable)

and (ii) pay to the Agents (without duplication) any commission, discount or other compensation to which it would otherwise have been

entitled absent such default.

(d) Limitations

on Offering Size. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares

if, after giving effect to the sale of such Placement Shares, the aggregate gross sales proceeds of Placement Shares sold pursuant to

this Agreement would exceed the lesser of (A) together with all sales of Placement Shares under this Agreement, the Maximum Amount

and (B) the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by the Company’s board of directors,

a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the Designated Agent in writing. Under

no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower

than any minimum price authorized from time to time by the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or

a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the Designated Agent in writing.

(e) Affirmation

of Representations. At each Applicable Time and Settlement Date, the Company shall be deemed to have affirmed each representation

and warranty contained in this Agreement. Any obligation of the Designated Agent to use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell the

Placement Shares on behalf of the Company as sales agent shall be subject to the continuing accuracy of the representations and warranties

of the Company herein, to the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and to the continuing satisfaction of the additional

conditions specified in Section 10 of this Agreement.

6. Representations

and Warranties of the Company. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (including Incorporated

Documents), the Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with the Agents that as of the date of this Agreement and as of each Applicable

Time (as defined below), unless such representation, warranty or agreement specifies a different time:

(a) Registration

Statement and Prospectus. The Company and, assuming no act or omission on the part of the Agents that would make such statement

untrue, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet the requirements for and comply with the conditions for the use of Form S-3

under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement has been filed with and declared effective by the Commission. The

Prospectus Supplement will name each Agent as an agent in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.” The Company

has not received, and has no notice of, any order of the Commission preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, or

threatening or instituting proceedings for that purpose. The Registration Statement and the offer and sale of Placement Shares as contemplated

hereby meet the requirements of Rule 415 under the Securities Act and comply in all material respects with said Rule. Any

statutes, regulations, contracts or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus

or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement have been so described or filed. Copies of the Registration Statement,

the Prospectus and any such amendments or supplements and all Incorporated Documents that were filed with the Commission on or prior to

the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available through EDGAR, to the Agents and their counsel. The Company

has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of each Settlement Date and completion of the distribution of the Placement Shares,

will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering or sale of the Placement Shares other than the Registration

Statement and the Prospectus and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below). The Common Shares are currently quoted

on the Exchange under the trading symbol “ALTO.”

(b) No

Misstatement or Omission. (i) As of the date hereof, at the respective times that the Registration Statement and each

amendment thereto became effective and at each Deemed Effective Time (as defined below), the Registration Statement did not and will not

contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the

statements therein not misleading; (ii) as of each Applicable Time, the Prospectus (as amended and supplemented at such Applicable

Time) did not contain and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order

to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; (iii) as of its date,

the Prospectus did not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the

statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and (iv) at any Settlement Date,

the Prospectus (as amended and supplemented at such Settlement Date) did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact

or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they

were made, not misleading; provided, however, that the representations and warranties set forth in clauses (i)-(iv) above shall not apply

to any statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by the Agents

expressly for use in the Prospectus.

with Securities Act and Exchange Act. (i) (A) At the respective times the Registration Statement and each amendment

thereto became effective, (B) at each deemed effective date with respect to the Agent pursuant to Rule 430B(f)(2) under the

Securities Act (each, a “Deemed Effective Time”), (C) as of each Applicable Time, (D) at each Settlement

Date and (E) at all times during the Prospectus Delivery Period (as defined below), the Registration Statement complied and will

comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable; (ii) the base prospectus

complied at the time it was filed with the Commission, complies as of the date hereof and, as of each Applicable Time and at all times

during the Prospectus Delivery Period, will comply in all material respects with the rules and regulations under the Securities Act and

the Exchange Act, as applicable; and (iii) the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, will comply, as of the date that such

document is filed with the Commission, as of each Applicable Time, as of each Settlement Date and at all times during the Prospectus Delivery

Period, in all material respects with the rules and regulations under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.

(d) Incorporated

Documents. The Incorporated Documents, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements

of the Exchange Act, and none of such documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact

necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and any further

documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, when such documents are filed with the

Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and will not contain any untrue statement of

a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which

they were made, not misleading.

(e) Financial

Information. The consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration

Statement and the Prospectus, together with the related notes and schedules, present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated

financial position of the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined below) as of the dates indicated and the consolidated results of operations,

cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity of the Company for the periods specified (subject, in the case of unaudited statements,

to normal year-end audit adjustments) and have been prepared in compliance with the requirements of the Securities Act and Exchange Act,

as applicable, and in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis

(except for such adjustments to accounting standards and practices as are noted therein and except in the case of unaudited financial

statements to the extent they may exclude footnotes or may be condensed or summary statements) during the periods involved; the other

financial and statistical data with respect to the Company and the Subsidiaries contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration

Statement and the Prospectus are accurately and fairly presented in all material respects and prepared on a basis materially consistent

with the financial statements and books and records of the Company; there are no financial statements (historical or pro forma) that are

required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that are not included or incorporated

by reference as required; the Company and the Subsidiaries do not have any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent (including

any off-balance sheet obligations), not described in the Registration Statement (including the exhibits thereto and Incorporated Documents)

and the Prospectus which are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (including exhibits thereto and

Incorporated Documents); all disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus regarding

“non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply in all material

respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, to the extent applicable; and the

interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the

Prospectus fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in all material respects in accordance

with the Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto. To the Company’s knowledge, no person who has been suspended

or barred from being associated with a registered public accounting firm, or who has failed to comply with any sanction pursuant to Rule

5300 promulgated by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), has participated in or otherwise aided

the preparation of, or audited, the financial statements, supporting schedules or other financial data filed with the Commission as a

part of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

(f) Conformity

with EDGAR Filing. The Prospectus delivered to the Agents for use in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant

to this Agreement will be identical to the versions of the Prospectus created to be transmitted to the Commission for filing via EDGAR,

except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.

(g) Organization. The

Company and each of its Subsidiaries are, and will be, duly organized, validly existing as a corporation and in good standing under the

laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are, and will be, duly licensed

or qualified as a foreign corporation for transaction of business and in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which

their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such license or qualification,

and have all corporate power and authority necessary to own or hold their respective properties and to conduct their respective businesses

as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have

such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the assets, business, operations,

earnings, properties, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects, stockholders’ equity (as set forth on the Company’s most

recent balance sheet included in the Incorporated Documents) or results of operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries (as defined

below) taken as a whole, or the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement (a “Material Adverse Effect”).

(h) Subsidiaries. Exhibit

21.1 to the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K sets forth each of the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries

required under Regulation S-K under the Securities Act to be set forth therein (each, a “Subsidiary” and collectively,

the “Subsidiaries”). Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and in the Prospectus (including

any Incorporated Documents), the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the equity interests of the Subsidiaries free and clear

of any lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal or other restriction, and all the equity interests of the

Subsidiaries are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights.

(i) Dividend

Restrictions. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, and subject to the existence of legally available funds,

no Subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited or restricted, directly or indirectly, from paying dividends to the Company, or from

making any other distribution with respect to such Subsidiary’s equity securities or from repaying to the Company or any other Subsidiary

of the Company any amounts that may from time to time become due under any loans or advances to such Subsidiary from the Company or from

transferring any property or assets to the Company or to any other Subsidiary.

(j) No

Violation or Default. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is (i) in violation of its charter or by-laws

or similar organizational documents; (ii) in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would

constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage,

deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which

the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are

subject; or (iii) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental

or regulatory authority applicable to the Company, except, in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such violation

or default that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. To the

Company’s knowledge, no other party under any material contract or other agreement to which it or any of its Subsidiaries is a party

is in default in any respect thereunder where such default would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(k) No

Material Adverse Change. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement

and in the Prospectus (including Incorporated Documents), and other than the Company’s execution of this Agreement and the sale

of any Placement Shares hereunder, there has not been (i) any Material Adverse Effect, (ii) any transaction which is material to the Company

and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iii) any obligation or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations),

incurred by the Company or any Subsidiary, which is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iv) any material change

in the capital stock or outstanding long-term indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (v) any dividend or distribution

of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary or (vi) material change in the outstanding indebtedness

of the Company, other than in each case above (A) as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including any document

deemed incorporated by reference therein) to the extent required or (B) where such matter, item, change or development would not make

the statements in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material

fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

(l) Capitalization. The

issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and, other than

as disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, are not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first

refusal or similar rights. The Company has an authorized, issued and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration

Statement and the Prospectus as of the dates referred to therein (other than the grant of additional options or other equity awards under

the Company’s existing stock option plans, or changes in the number of outstanding Common Shares of the Company due to the issuance

of shares upon the exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Shares outstanding on the date hereof

or described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or as a result of the issuance of Placement Shares) and such authorized

capital stock conforms in all material respects to the description thereof set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. The

description of the Common Shares in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus is complete and accurate in all material respects. Other

than as set forth or described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of the dates referred to therein, the Company did

not have outstanding any options to purchase, or any rights or warrants to subscribe for, or any securities or obligations convertible

into, or exchangeable for, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell, any shares of capital stock or other securities.

(m) Authorization;

Enforceability. The Company has full legal right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform the transactions

contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and is a legal, valid and

binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that (i) enforceability

may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by

general equitable principles and (ii) the indemnification and contribution provisions of Section 11 hereof may be limited by federal or

state securities laws and public policy considerations in respect thereof.

(n) Authorization

of Placement Shares. The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the board of directors

of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee, against payment therefor as provided

herein, will be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance,

security interest or other claim (other than any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim arising from an act or omission

of the Agents or a purchaser), including any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal or other

similar rights, and will be registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act. The Placement Shares, when issued, will

conform in all material respects to the description thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus.

(o) Stock

Exchange Listing. The Common Shares are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act and are listed on the Exchange,

and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Shares under

the Exchange Act or delisting the Common Shares from the Exchange nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or

the Exchange is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. To the Company’s knowledge, it has complied in all material

respects with the applicable requirements of the Exchange for maintenance of inclusion of the Common Shares on the Exchange.

(p) Descriptions

and Exhibits. There are no statutes, regulations, documents or contracts of a character required to be described in the Registration

Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement which are not described or filed as required.

(q) No

Consents Required. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator

or any governmental or regulatory authority is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement,

and the issuance and sale by the Company of the Placement Shares as contemplated hereby, except for the registration of the Placement

Shares under the Securities Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations or qualifications as may be required

under applicable state securities laws or by the by-laws and rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”)

or the Exchange in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares by the Designated Agent.

(r) No

Preferential Rights. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, (i) no person, as such

term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act (each, a “Person”), has the right,

contractual or otherwise, to cause the Company to issue or sell to such Person any Common Shares or shares of any other capital stock

or other securities of the Company (other than upon the exercise of options or warrants to purchase Common Shares or upon the exercise

of options or stock awards that may be granted from time to time under the Company’s stock option plans), (ii) no Person has

any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or any other rights (whether pursuant to a “poison pill” provision or otherwise)

to purchase any Common Shares or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company from the Company which have not

been duly waived with respect to the offering contemplated hereby, (iii) except as may be disclosed to the Agent in writing, no Person

has the right to act as an underwriter or as a financial advisor to the Company in connection with the offer and sale of the Common Shares,

and (iv) no Person has the right, contractual or otherwise, to require the Company to register under the Securities Act any Common

Shares or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, or to include any such shares or other securities in the

Registration Statement or the offering contemplated thereby, whether as a result of the filing or effectiveness of the Registration Statement

or the sale of the Placement Shares as contemplated thereby or otherwise.

(s) Independent

Public Accountant. RSM US LLP (“Company Auditor”), whose report on the consolidated financial statements

of the Company is filed with the Commission as part of the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission

and incorporated into the Registration Statement, is and, during the periods covered by its reports, was, to the Company’s knowledge,

(i) an independent public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the PCAOB and (ii) in compliance with the applicable

requirements relating to the qualification of accountants under Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act. To

the Company’s knowledge, Company Auditor is not in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) with respect to the Company. Company Auditor has not been engaged by the Company

to perform any “prohibited activities” or provided to the Company any “non-audit services” (as defined in Section

10A of the Exchange Act).

(t) Enforceability

of Agreements. To the Company’s knowledge, all agreements between the Company and third parties expressly referenced

in the Prospectus, other than such agreements that have expired by their terms or whose termination is disclosed in documents filed by

the Company on EDGAR, are legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, except

to the extent that (i) enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting

creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable principles and (ii) the indemnification provisions of certain agreements

may be limited by federal or state securities laws or public policy considerations in respect thereof, except for any unenforceability

that, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(u) No

Litigation. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there are no material legal, governmental

or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings pending, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any material legal, governmental or regulatory

investigations, to which the Company or a Subsidiary is a party or to which any property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is

the subject, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, are any such actions, suits or proceedings threatened or contemplated by any governmental

or regulatory authority or threatened by others, that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any

of its Subsidiaries, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or materially and adversely affect the ability of

the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement; and there are no current or pending legal, governmental or regulatory

actions, suits or proceedings or, to the Company’s knowledge, investigations that are required under the Securities Act to be described

in the Prospectus that are not described in the Prospectus including any Incorporated Document.

(v) Licenses

and Permits. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries possess or have obtained, and are in compliance with the terms and

conditions of, all licenses, certificates, consents, orders, approvals, permits and other authorizations issued by, and, to the Company’s

knowledge, have made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities

that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described

in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (the “Permits”), and all of the Permits are valid and in full force

and effect, except where the failure to possess, obtain or make the same, or where the failure to comply or where the invalidity of such

Permits or the failure of such Permits to be in full force and effect, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected

to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries have received written notice of any proceeding

relating to revocation or modification of any such Permit or has any reason to believe that such Permit will not be renewed in the ordinary

course, except where such revocation or modification or the failure to obtain any such renewal would not, individually or in the aggregate,

reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(w) No

Material Defaults. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for

borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be

expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not filed a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange

Act since the filing of its last Annual Report on Form 10-K, indicating that it (i) has failed to pay any dividend or sinking fund

installment on preferred stock or (ii) has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one

or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(x) Certain

Market Activities. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any of their

respective directors, officers or controlling persons has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed, or that has constituted

or might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the Common

Shares or any other “reference security” (as defined in Rule 100 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act (“Regulation

M”)) of the Company whether to facilitate the sale or resale of the Placement Shares or otherwise, and has taken no action which

would directly or indirectly violate Regulation M. The Company acknowledges that the Agents may engage in passive market making transactions

in the Placement Shares on the Exchange in accordance with Regulation M.

(y) Broker/Dealer

Relationships. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries or any related entities (i) is required to register

as a “broker” or “dealer” in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Act or (ii) directly or indirectly

through one or more intermediaries, controls or is a “person associated with a member” or “associated person of a member”

(within the meaning set forth in the FINRA Manual).

(z) No

Reliance. The Company has not relied upon the Agents or legal counsel for the Agents for any legal, tax or accounting advice

in connection with the offer and sale of the Placement Shares.

(aa) Taxes. The

Company and each of its Subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns which have been required to be filed

and paid all taxes shown thereon through the date hereof, to the extent that such taxes have become due and are not being contested in

good faith and as to which adequate reserves have been provided, except where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to

have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus,

no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which has had, or would reasonably be expected

to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has no knowledge of any federal, state or

other governmental tax deficiency, penalty or assessment which has been asserted or threatened against it which would have a Material

Adverse Effect.

(bb) Title to Real and

Personal Property. The Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all items of real property

and good and valid title to all personal property (excluding Intellectual Property) reflected as owned in the financial statements referred

to in Section 6(e) or described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being owned by them that are material to the businesses

of the Company or such Subsidiary, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and claims, except those that (i) do not

materially interfere with the use made of such property by the Company and any of its Subsidiaries or (ii) would not reasonably be

expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. No real property owned, leased, licensed or used by the

Company lies in an area which is, or to the Company’s knowledge will be, subject to restrictions which would prohibit, and, to the

Company’s knowledge, no statements of facts relating to the actions or inaction of another person or entity or his or its ownership,

leasing, licensing or use of any real or personal property exists or will exist which would prevent, the continued effective ownership,

leasing, licensing, exploration, development or production or use of such real property in the business of the Company as presently conducted

or as the Registration Statement or the Prospectus indicates the Company contemplates conducting, except as may be properly described

in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or such as would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably expected to cause

a Material Adverse Effect. Any real property described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being leased by the Company

and any of its Subsidiaries is held by them under valid, existing and enforceable leases, except those that (A) do not materially

interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (B) would not be

reasonably expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(cc) Intellectual Property. To

its knowledge, the Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks (both

registered and unregistered), service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses and

know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures)

(collectively, the “Intellectual Property”), necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as conducted

and as described in the Registration Statement, including the Incorporated Documents, and the Prospectus as of the date hereof, except

to the extent that the failure to own or possess adequate rights to use such Intellectual Property would not, individually or in the aggregate,

reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; the Company and any of its Subsidiaries have not received any written notice

of any claim of infringement or conflict which asserted Intellectual Property rights of others, which infringement or conflict, if the

subject of an unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse Effect; there are no pending, or to the Company’s knowledge,

threatened judicial proceedings or interference proceedings against the Company or its Subsidiaries challenging the Company’s or

its Subsidiaries’ rights in or to or the validity of the scope of any of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ owned material

patents, patent applications or proprietary information; no other entity or individual has any right or claim in any of the Company’s

or its Subsidiaries’ owned material patents, patent applications or any patent to be issued therefrom by virtue of any contract,

license or other agreement entered into between such entity or individual and the Company or a Subsidiary or, to the Company’s knowledge,

by any non-contractual obligation of the Company or a Subsidiary, other than by written licenses granted by the Company or a Subsidiary,

and other than such rights or claims that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse

Effect; the Company and its Subsidiaries have not received any written notice of any claim challenging the rights of the Company or a

Subsidiary in or to any Intellectual Property owned, licensed or optioned by the Company or such Subsidiary, which claim, if the subject

of an unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries have complied in all material

respects with the terms of each agreement pursuant to which Intellectual Property has been licensed to the Company or any Subsidiary,

and all such agreements are in full force and effect. To the Company’s knowledge, there are no material defects in any of the patents

or patent applications included in the Intellectual Property. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken commercially reasonable steps

to protect, maintain and safeguard their Intellectual Property, including the execution of nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements

with respect to any material Intellectual Property.

(dd) Environmental Laws. The

Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with any and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations,

decisions and orders relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes,

pollutants or contaminants (collectively, “Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received and are in compliance with

all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as

described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; and (iii) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability

for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants,

except, in the case of any of clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above, for any such failure to comply or failure to receive required permits,

licenses, other approvals or liability as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse

Effect or as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus. Except for abandonment and similar costs incurred or to

be incurred in the ordinary course of business of the Company, there has been no material spill, discharge, leak, emission, injection,

escape, dumping or release of any kind onto any property now or previously owned, leased or operated by the Company or into the environment

surrounding such property of any hazardous substances or hazardous wastes due to or caused by the Company (or, to the knowledge of the

Company, any of its predecessors in interest), except for any such spill, discharge, leak, emission, injection, escape, dumping or release

that would not, singularly or in the aggregate with all such spills, discharges, leaks, emissions, injections, escapes, dumpings and releases,

result in a Material Adverse Effect or as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus; and the terms “hazardous

substances” and “hazardous wastes” shall be construed broadly to include such terms and similar terms, all of which

shall have the meanings specified in any applicable local, state and federal laws or regulations with respect to environmental protection.

Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company has not been named as a “potentially responsible

party” under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended.

(ee) Disclosure

Controls. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintain systems of internal accounting controls designed to provide

reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific

authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with

GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s

general or specific authorization; (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at

reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences; and (v) interactive data in eXtensible

Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus fairly presents

the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in all material respects in accordance with the

Commission’s rules and guidelines applicable thereto. The Company’s system of “internal control over

financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act and

has been designed by, or under the supervision of, its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing

similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial

statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Except as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, since

the date of the latest audited financial statements included in or incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or the

Prospectus, (a) the Company has not been advised of (1) any material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting and

(2) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the internal

controls over financial reporting of the Company, and (b) since that date, there has been no change in the Company’s internal

controls over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s

internal controls over financial reporting. The Company has established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange

Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15) for the Company and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material

information relating to the Company and each of its Subsidiaries is made known to the certifying officers by others within those

entities, particularly during the period in which the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,

as the case may be, is being prepared. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the

Company’s controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for

the fiscal year most recently ended (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its Annual

Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of

the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have

been no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls (as such term is defined in Item 307(b) of Regulation S-K under

the Securities Act) or, to the Company’s knowledge, in other factors that could significantly adversely affect the

Company’s internal controls. To the knowledge of the Company, the Company’s “internal controls over financial

reporting” and “disclosure controls and procedures” are effective.

(ff) Open Source Software.

(i) The Company uses and has used any and all software and other materials distributed under a “free,” “open source”

or similar licensing model (including but not limited to the MIT License, Apache License, GNU General Public License, GNU Lesser General

Public License and GNU Affero General Public License) (“Open Source Software”) in material compliance with all license

terms applicable to such Open Source Software; and (ii) except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate,

to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company has not used or distributed and does not use or distribute any Open Source Software

in any manner that requires or has required (A) the Company to permit reverse engineering of any software code or other technology owned

by the Company or (B) any software code or other technology owned by the Company to be (1) disclosed or distributed in source code form,

(2) licensed for the purpose of making derivative works or (3) redistributed at no charge.

(gg) Data Security.

(i) The Company has complied in all material respects and is presently in compliance in all material respects with all contractual obligations,

industry standards, applicable laws, statutes, judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or other governmental

or regulatory authority and any other legal obligations, in each case, relating to the collection, use, transfer, import, export, storage,

protection, disposal and disclosure by the Company of personal, personally identifiable, household, sensitive, confidential or regulated

data (“Data Security Obligations,” and such data, “Data”); (ii) the Company has not received any

notification of or complaint regarding and is unaware of any other facts that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected

to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii) except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in

a Material Adverse Effect, there is no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body pending

or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened alleging non-compliance with any Data Security Obligation nor are there any incidents

under internal review or investigations relating to the same.

(hh) Data Protection;

No Breaches. The Company’s information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites,

applications and databases are adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with, the operation

of the business of the Company as currently conducted, and, to the Company’s knowledge, are free and clear of all material bugs,

errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants. The Company has taken commercially reasonably steps to protect

the information technology systems and Data used in connection with the operation of the Company’s business. Without limiting the

foregoing, the Company has used reasonable efforts to establish and maintain, and has established, maintained, implemented and complied

with, reasonable information technology, information security, cybersecurity and data protection controls, policies and procedures, including

oversight, access controls, encryption, technological and physical safeguards and business continuity/disaster recovery and security plans

that are designed to protect against and prevent breach, destruction, loss, unauthorized distribution, use, access, disablement, misappropriation

or modification, or other compromise or misuse of or relating to any information technology system or Data used in connection with the

operation of the Company’s business (“Breach”). The Company has established and maintains an incident response

plan designed to detect and respond to a Breach. The Company has not experienced any material cybersecurity incident requiring disclosure

pursuant to Item 1.05 of Form 8-K or Item 106 of Regulation S-K within the past three years, and there are no pending notifications to

any governmental authority or affected individuals regarding any such incident. There has been no such Breach, and the Company has not

been notified of and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any such Breach, except

in each case as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(ii) Sarbanes-Oxley. There

is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of the Company’s directors or officers,

in their capacities as such, to comply with any applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations promulgated

thereunder. Each of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer of the Company (or each former principal

executive officer of the Company and each former principal financial officer of the Company, as applicable) has made all certifications

required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with respect to all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents

required to be filed by it or furnished by it to the Commission. For purposes of the preceding sentence, “principal executive

officer” and “principal financial officer” shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

(jj) Finder’s Fees. Neither

the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has incurred any liability for any finder’s fees, brokerage commissions or similar payments

in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except as may otherwise exist with respect to the Agents pursuant to this Agreement.

(kk) No Registration Rights.

Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus and as have been validly complied with or waived, there are no persons

with registration rights or other similar rights to have any securities of the Company registered pursuant to the Registration Statement

or sold in the offering contemplated by this Agreement.

(ll) Labor Disputes. No

labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is

threatened which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(mm) Investment Company

Act. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries is or, after giving effect to the offer and sale of the Placement

Shares, will be an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company,” as such

terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).

(nn) Operations. The

operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record

keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes

of all jurisdictions to which the Company or its Subsidiaries are subject, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar

rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency having jurisdiction over the Company or

its Subsidiaries (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), except as would not reasonably be expected to result

in a Material Adverse Effect; and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any

arbitrator involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge

of the Company, threatened.

(oo) Off-Balance

Sheet Arrangements. There are no transactions, arrangements and other relationships between and/or among the Company, and/or,

to the knowledge of the Company, any of its affiliates and any unconsolidated entity, including, but not limited to, any structured finance,

special purpose or limited purpose entity that would reasonably be expected to affect materially the Company’s liquidity or the

availability of or requirements for its capital resources, in each case that are required to be described in the Prospectus which have

not been described as required.

(pp) ERISA. (i)

Each material employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as

amended (“ERISA”), that is maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company or any of its affiliates for employees

or former employees of the Company and any of its Subsidiaries has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements

of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as

amended (the “Code”); (ii) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975

of the Code, has occurred with respect to any such plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption;

(iii) for each such plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no “accumulated

funding deficiency” as defined in Section 412 of the Code has been incurred, whether or not waived; and (iv) the Company could

not reasonably be expected to have any liability (whether actual, contingent or otherwise) with respect to any plan or other contract,

agreement, arrangement or policy that provides for retiree or post-employment welfare benefits other than as required by Section 4980B

of the Code or similar state laws, other than, in the case of (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) above, as would not reasonably be expected

to have a Material Adverse Effect. No other event set forth in Section 4043(b) of ERISA (excluding events with respect to which the 30-day

notice requirement under Section 4043 of ERISA has been waived) has occurred with respect to any plan and the fair market value of the

assets of each such plan (excluding for these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) equals or exceeds the present value of all benefits

accrued under such plan determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions.

(qq) Forward Looking Statements. No

forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the

Registration Statement and the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good

faith.

(rr) Statistical and Market

Data. The statistical and market and industry-related data included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are based on

or derived from sources which the Company believes to be reliable and accurate or represent the Company’s good faith estimates that

are made on the basis of data derived from such sources, and the Company has obtained the written consent to the use of such data from

sources to the extent required.

(ss) Margin Rules. Neither

the issuance, sale and delivery of the Placement Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in the

Registration Statement and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or

any other regulation of such Board of Governors.

(tt) Insurance. The

Company and each of its Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company and its

Subsidiaries reasonably believe are adequate for the use of their properties and as is customary for companies of similar size engaged

in similar businesses in similar industries. The Company has no reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance

coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business

at a cost that would not have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company.

(uu) No Improper Practices. (i) Neither

the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, the Subsidiaries, nor to the Company’s knowledge, any of their respective executive

officers has, in the past five years, made any unlawful contributions to any candidate for any political office (or failed fully to disclose

any contribution in violation of law) or made any offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization or approval of any unlawful payment

or benefit, contribution or other payment, directly or indirectly, to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state, municipal

or foreign office or other person charged with similar public or quasi-public duty in violation of any law or of the character required

to be disclosed in the Prospectus; (ii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or, to the Company’s

knowledge, any Subsidiary or any affiliate of any of them, on the one hand, and the directors, officers and stockholders of the Company

or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary, on the other hand, that is required by the Securities Act to be described in the

Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or

among the Company or any Subsidiary or any affiliate of them, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders or directors

of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any Subsidiary, on the other hand, that is required by the rules of FINRA to be described

in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iv) except as described in the Prospectus, there are

no material outstanding loans or advances or material guarantees of indebtedness by the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge,

any Subsidiary to or for the benefit of any of their respective officers or directors or any of the members of the families of any of

them; (v) the Company has not offered, or caused any placement agent to offer, Common Shares to any person with the intent to influence

unlawfully (A) a customer or supplier of the Company or any Subsidiary to alter the customer’s or supplier’s level or

type of business with the Company or any Subsidiary or (B) a trade journalist or publication to write or publish favorable information

about the Company or any Subsidiary or any of their respective products or services; (vi) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor,

to the Company’s knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company or any Subsidiary has made any payment of funds of the Company

or any Subsidiary or received or retained any funds in violation of any law, rule or regulation including, without limitation, the Foreign

Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of

Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offence under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom

or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law; and (vii) neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s

knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company or any Subsidiary has made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an act in furtherance

of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other

unlawful or improper payment or benefit. The Company has instituted, maintained and enforced, and will continue to maintain and enforce

policies and procedures designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws. The Company

will not use, directly or indirectly, the proceeds from the offering of the Placement Shares hereunder in furtherance of any offer, payment,

promise to pay or authorization or approval of any payment or benefit, giving or receipt of money, property, gifts or anything else of

value, to any person in violation of any anti-corruption laws.

(vv) Other At the Market

Agreements. Except for this Agreement or as disclosed in the Prospectus, as of the date of this Agreement, the Company is not a party

to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other “at the market” or continuous equity transaction.

(ww) Status Under the

Securities Act. (i) At the earliest time after the filing of the Registration Statement that the Company or another offering

participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2)) of the Placement Shares and (ii) as of the Applicable

Time and on each such time this representation is repeated or deemed to be made (with such date being used as the determination date for

purposes of this clause (ii)), the Company was not and is not an Ineligible Issuer (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act).

(xx) No

Misstatement or Omission in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. Any free writing prospectus that the Company was or is required to

file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements

of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder. Each free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or

is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or on behalf of or used or referred

to by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules

and regulations thereunder. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and as of each Applicable Time (as defined in Section

26 below), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained

in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any Incorporated Document deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded

or modified. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based

upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Agent specifically for use therein. Each broadly available

road show, if any, when considered together with the Prospectus, does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state

a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity

with information furnished in writing to the Company by the Agents expressly for use in a broadly available road show and the Prospectus.

Except for electronic road shows, if any, furnished to and approved by the Agents, the Company has not prepared, used or referred to,

and will not, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus.

(yy) No Conflicts. Neither

the execution of this Agreement by the Company, nor the issuance, offering or sale of the Placement Shares, nor the consummation by the

Company of any of the transactions contemplated herein and therein, nor the compliance by the Company with the terms and provisions hereof

and thereof will conflict with, or will result in a breach of, any of the terms and provisions of, or has constituted or will constitute

a default under, or has resulted in or will result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property

or assets of the Company pursuant to the terms of any contract or other agreement to which the Company may be bound or to which any of

the property or assets of the Company is subject, except (i) such conflicts, breaches or defaults as may have been waived and (ii) such

conflicts, breaches, defaults, liens, charges or encumbrances that would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;

nor will such action result in (x) any violation of the provisions of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the Company, or (y)

any material violation of the provisions of any statute or any order, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or of any court or

of any federal, state or other regulatory authority or other government body having jurisdiction over the Company, except, in the case

of clause (y), where such violation would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(zz) OFAC. (i)

Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries (collectively, the “Entity”) or, to the Company’s knowledge,

any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or representative of the Entity, is a government, individual, or entity (in this paragraph

(zz), “Person”) that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is:

(A) the

subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the

United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively,

“Sanctions”), nor

(B) located,

organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions (each, a “Sanctioned Country”).

(ii) The

Company represents and covenants that the Entity will not, directly or indirectly, knowingly use the proceeds of the offering, or lend,

contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person:

(A) to

fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person that is the subject of Sanctions or in a Sanctioned Country; or

(B) in

any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the offering, whether

as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise).

(iii) The

Company represents and covenants that, except as detailed in the Prospectus, for the past five years, the Entity has not knowingly engaged

in, is not now knowingly engaged in and will not knowingly engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country

or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions.

(aaa) Export and Import

Laws. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries, and, to the Company's knowledge, each of their affiliates and any director,

officer, agent or employee of, or other person acting on behalf of, the Company, has acted at all times in the past five years in compliance

in all material respects with applicable Export and Import Laws (as defined below) and there are no claims, complaints, charges, investigations

or proceedings pending or expected or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened between the Company or any of the Subsidiaries and

any governmental authority under any Export or Import Laws. The term “Export and Import Laws” means, as applicable to the

Company, the Arms Export Control Act, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended,

the Export Administration Regulations, and all other import-, export-, and sanctions-related laws and regulations of the United States

government.

(bbb) Outbound Investment

Rules. The Company and its Subsidiaries either are (i) not a “person of a country of concern”; or (ii) not

engaged in any “covered activity,” as these terms are defined in 31 C.F.R. Part 850, as implemented or revised from time to

time (the “Outbound Investment Rules”). The Company is not a person that directly or indirectly holds a board seat

on, a voting or equity interest in or any contractual power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of, any “covered

foreign person” (as defined in the Outbound Investment Rules).

(ccc) Stock Transfer Taxes. On

each Settlement Date, all stock transfer or other taxes (other than income taxes) which are required to be paid in connection with the

sale and transfer of the Placement Shares to be sold hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided for by the Company and

all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been fully complied with in all material respects.

(ddd) Related Party

Transactions. There are no relationships, direct or indirect, or related party transactions involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries

or any other person (including any director, officer, stockholder, customer or supplier of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries) required

to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that have not been described as required. There are no material outstanding

loans, advances (except normal advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees of indebtedness by the

Company or any of its Subsidiaries to or for the benefit of any of the officers or directors of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,

or any of the family members of any of such persons.

(eee) Occupational Laws.

The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance, in all material respects, with any and all applicable foreign, federal, state

and local laws, rules, regulations, treaties, statutes and codes promulgated by any and all governmental authorities (including pursuant

to the Occupational Health and Safety Act) relating to the protection of human health and safety in the workplace (“Occupational

Laws”); (ii) have received all material permits, licenses or other approvals required of it under applicable Occupational Laws

to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted; and (iii) are in compliance, in all material respects, with all terms and

conditions of such permit, license or approval. No action, proceeding, revocation proceeding, writ, injunction or claim is pending or,

to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries relating to Occupational Laws, and the Company

does not have knowledge of any facts, circumstances or developments relating to its operations or cost accounting practices that would

reasonably be expected to form the basis for or give rise to such actions, suits, investigations or proceedings.

(fff) Artificial Intelligence.

To the extent the Company or any Subsidiary uses artificial intelligence or machine learning systems in a manner material to

its business operations: (i) such use complies in all material respects with applicable laws, regulations, and industry standards; (ii)

the Company has implemented reasonable policies and procedures to identify, assess and mitigate risks associated with such use; and (iii)

such use is accurately disclosed in the Registration Statement and Prospectus to the extent required.

(ggg) Actively-Traded

Security. The Common Shares are an “actively-traded security” exempted from the requirements of Rule 101 of Regulation

M under the Exchange Act by subsection (c)(1) of such rule.

Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company

and delivered to the Agents or to counsel for the Agents pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to be a representation

and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to the Agents as to the matters set forth therein.

The Company acknowledges that the Agents and,

for purposes of the opinions to be delivered pursuant to Section 7 hereof, counsel to the Company and counsel to the Agents, will rely

upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and hereby consents to such reliance.

7. Covenants

of the Company. The Company covenants and agrees with the Agents that:

(a) Registration

Statement Amendments. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a Prospectus relating to any Placement

Shares is required to be delivered by the Agents under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied

pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act) (the “Prospectus Delivery Period”), (i) the Company will notify

the Agents promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference,

has been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus (other than documents incorporated

by reference therein) has been filed and of any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement

or Prospectus or for additional information, (ii) the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement

or Prospectus (except for documents incorporated by reference therein) unless a copy thereof has been submitted to the Agents before the

filing and the Agents have not reasonably and in good faith objected thereto within two Business Days of receiving such copy (provided,

however, that (A) the failure of the Agents to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder,

or affect the Agents’ right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement, (B) the Company

has no obligation to provide the Agents any advance copy of such filing or to provide the Agents an opportunity to object to such filing

if such filing does not name the Agents or does not relate to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and (C) the only remedy

the Agents shall have with respect to the failure by the Company to provide the Agents with such copy or the filing of such amendment

or supplement despite the Agents’ objection shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to

the Agents at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration

Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; (iii) the Company will cause each amendment or supplement

to the Prospectus to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act

or, in the case of any document to be incorporated therein by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the Exchange

Act, within the time period prescribed (the determination to file or not file any amendment or supplement with the Commission under this

Section 7(a), based on the Company’s reasonable opinion or reasonable objections, shall be made exclusively by the Company); (iv)

the Company will furnish to the Agents a copy of each proposed free writing prospectus to be prepared by or on behalf of, used by or referred

to by the Company and not use or refer to any proposed free writing prospectus to which the Agents reasonably object; and (v) the Company

will not take any action that would result in the Agents or the Company being required to file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d)

under the Securities Act a free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of the Agents that the Agents otherwise would not have been

required to file thereunder.

(b) Notice

of Commission Stop Orders. The Company will advise the Agents, promptly after it receives notice or obtains knowledge thereof,

of the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement,

of the suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction or of the initiation or threatening

of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop

order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued. The Company will advise the Agents promptly after

it receives any request by the Commission for any amendments to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus

or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information related to the offering of the Placement Shares or for additional

information related to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.

of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will use commercially reasonable

efforts to comply in all material respects with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force,

and to file on or before their respective due dates all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed

by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d) or any other provision of or under the Exchange Act. If

the Company has omitted any information from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430A under the Securities Act, it will use its

best efforts to comply with the provisions of and make all requisite filings with the Commission pursuant to said Rule 430A and to notify

the Agents promptly of all such filings. If during the Prospectus Delivery Period any event occurs as a result of which the

Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary

to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during such period it is necessary

to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify the

Designated Agent to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such period and the Company will promptly amend or supplement the

Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance;

provided, however, that the Company may delay any such amendment or supplement if, in the judgment of the Company, it is in the best interests

of the Company to do so. For the duration of the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will include in its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q,

and in its annual reports on Form 10-K, a summary detailing, for the relevant reporting period, (i) the number of Placement

Shares sold through the Agents pursuant to this Agreement and (ii) the Net Proceeds received by the Company from such sales, to the

extent required.

(d) Permitted

Free Writing Prospectus. The Company will file any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) to the extent required by

Rule 433 under the Securities Act and provide copies of the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, and each Permitted Free Writing

Prospectus (to the extent not previously delivered or filed on EDGAR or any successor system thereto) to the Agents via electronic mail

in “.pdf” format on such filing date to an electronic mail account designated by the Agents and, at the Agents’ request,

also furnish copies of the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement to the Exchange and each other exchange or market on which sales of

the Placement Shares were effected, in each case, as may be required by the rules or regulations of the Exchange or such other exchange

or market.

(e) Listing

of Placement Shares. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will cause the Placement Shares to be listed on

the Exchange and qualify the Placement Shares for sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as the Agents reasonably designate

and will continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares; provided, however, that

the Company shall not be required in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation or dealer in securities or file a general

consent to service of process in any jurisdiction.

(f) Delivery

of Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company will furnish to the Agents and their counsel (at the expense of the

Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and all amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus

that are filed with the Commission during the Prospectus Delivery Period (including all documents filed with the Commission during such

period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable and in such quantities

as the Agents may from time to time reasonably request and, at the Agents’ request, will also furnish copies of the Prospectus to

each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required

to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus, which it may provide electronically) to the Agents to the extent such document is

available on EDGAR. In case the Agents are required to deliver, under the Securities Act (whether physically or through compliance with

Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule), a prospectus relating to the Placement Shares after the nine-month period

referred to in Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act, or after the time a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement

is required pursuant to Item 512(a) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, upon the request of the Agents, and at its own

expense, the Company shall prepare and deliver to the Agents as many copies as the Agents may reasonably request of an amended Registration

Statement or amended or supplemented prospectus complying with Item 512(a) of Regulation S-K or Section 10(a)(3) of the

Securities Act, as the case may be.

(g) Earnings

Statement. The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not

later than 15 months after the end of the Company’s current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement covering a 12-month period that

satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 of the Securities Act.

(h) Use

of Proceeds. The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled “Use

of Proceeds.”

(i) Notice

of Other Sales. Without the prior written consent of the Agents, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, offer to

sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Shares (other than the Placement Shares offered

pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire,

Common Shares during the period beginning on the date on which any Placement Notice is delivered to the Designated Agent hereunder and

ending on the second (2nd) Trading Day immediately following the final Settlement Date with respect to Placement Shares sold pursuant

to such Placement Notice (or, if the Placement Notice has been terminated or suspended prior to the sale of all Placement Shares covered

by a Placement Notice, the date of such suspension or termination); and, at any time during which a Placement Notice is pending and for

two (2) Trading Days after the last sale of Placement Shares under such Placement Notice, will not directly or indirectly in any other

“at the market” or continuous equity transaction offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise

dispose of any Common Shares (other than the Placement Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable

for Common Shares, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Shares prior to the termination of this Agreement with respect

to Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice; provided, however, that such restrictions will not be required in connection

with the Company’s issuance or sale of (i) Common Shares, options to purchase Common Shares or stock awards or Common Shares issuable

upon the exercise of options or vesting of stock awards, pursuant to any employee or director stock option or benefits plan, stock ownership

plan or dividend reinvestment plan (but not Common Shares subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits in its dividend reinvestment plan)

of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented; (ii) Common Shares issuable upon conversion of securities or the exercise

of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding, and disclosed in filings by the Company available on EDGAR or otherwise

in writing to the Agents and (iii) Common Shares, or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Shares, offered and sold

in a privately negotiated transaction to vendors, customers, investors, strategic partners or potential strategic partners and conducted

in a manner so as not to be integrated with the offering of Common Shares hereby.

(j) Change

of Circumstances. The Company will, at any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice, advise the Agents promptly after

it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect

any opinion, certificate, letter or other document required to be provided to the Agents pursuant to this Agreement.

(k) Due

Diligence Cooperation. The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by the Agents or their

representatives in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making

available documents and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company’s principal offices or such

other location mutually agreeable by the parties, as the Agents may reasonably request. To the extent the Company provides the Agents

notice that it does not intend on issuing a Placement Notice during a given a fiscal quarter, the parties agree that the due diligence

cooperation provisions in this Section 7(k) shall be suspended for such quarter.

(l) Required

Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares. The Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act shall require,

to the extent so required, the Company will (i) file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under the applicable paragraph of

Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, which prospectus supplement will set forth, within the relevant period, the amount of Placement

Shares sold through the Agents, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the maximum compensation payable by the Company to the Agents with

respect to such Placement Shares, and (ii) deliver such number of copies of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market

on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules or regulations of such exchange or market.

(m) Representation

Dates; Certificate. On the date of this Agreement and each time during the term of this Agreement that the Company:

(i) files

the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares or amends or supplements (other than a prospectus supplement relating solely to an offering

of securities other than the Placement Shares) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares by means

of a post-effective amendment, sticker or supplement but not by means of incorporation of documents by reference into the Registration

Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares;

(ii) files

an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act (including any Form 10-K/A containing restated financial statements or a material

amendment to the previously filed Form 10-K);

(iii) files

its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or

(iv) files

a current report on Form 8-K containing amended audited financial information (other than information “furnished” pursuant

to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form 8-K relating to the reclassification of

certain properties as discontinued operations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144) under the Exchange

Act;

(Each date of filing of one or more

of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iii) shall be a “Representation Date”)

the Company shall furnish the Agents with a certificate,

in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(m). The requirement to provide a certificate under this Section 7(m) shall be automatically

waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no Placement Notice is pending, which waiver shall continue until the

date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date); provided,

however, that such waiver shall not apply for any Representation Date on which the Company files its annual report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding

the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Representation Date when the Company relied on

such waiver and did not provide the Agents with a certificate under this Section 7(m), then before the Company delivers the Placement

Notice or the Designated Agent sells any Placement Shares, the Company shall provide the Agents with a certificate, in the form attached

hereto as Exhibit 7(m), dated the date of the Placement Notice.

(n) Legal

Opinion. On each Representation Date, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents, dated as of such date, in form and substance

satisfactory to the Agents, the written opinion and negative assurance letter of Troutman Pepper Locke LLP, or such other counsel to the

Company reasonably satisfactory to the Agents (“Company Counsel”), modified as necessary to relate to the Registration

Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the time of delivery of such opinion and negative assurance letter. In lieu

of delivering such an opinion for dates subsequent to the commencement of the offering of the Placement Shares under this Agreement, such

counsel may furnish the Agents with a letter (a “Reliance Letter”) to the effect that the Agents may rely on a prior

opinion delivered under this Section, to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior

opinion shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of such subsequent date).

(o) Comfort

Letter. Upon commencement of the offering of the Placement Shares under this Agreement and each time that (i) the Registration

Statement or the Prospectus is amended or supplemented to include additional financial information, (ii) the Company files an annual

report on Form 10-K or quarterly report on Form 10-Q, (iii) there is furnished to the Commission by the Company any document

which contains additional or amended financial information, including any earnings release, or (iv) there is filed with the Commission

any document (other than an annual report on Form 10-K or quarterly report on Form 10-Q) incorporated by reference into the

Prospectus which contains additional or amended financial information, Company Auditor shall deliver to the Agents the comfort letter

described in Section 10(g) (except that, in the case of clauses (iii) and (iv), Company Auditor has up to two business days after

the filing to deliver the comfort letter).

(p) Reserves.

The Company will reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, Common Shares for the purpose of enabling the Company

to satisfy its obligations hereunder.

(q) Consent

to Trade. The Company consents to the Agents trading in the Common Shares for the Agents’ own accounts and for the accounts

of their clients at the same time as sales of the Placement Shares occur pursuant to this Agreement.

(r) Affirmation

of Representations. The Company agrees that each acceptance by the Company of an offer to purchase the Placement Shares hereunder

shall be deemed to be an affirmation to the Agents that the representations and warranties of the Company contained in or made pursuant

to this Agreement are true and correct as of the date of such acceptance as though made at and as of such date, and an undertaking that

such representations and warranties will be true and correct as of the Applicable Time and the Settlement Date for the Placement Shares

relating to such acceptance as though made at and as of each of such dates (except that such representations and warranties shall be deemed

to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented, relating to such Placement Shares).

(s) Market

Activities. The Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that

constitutes or might reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company

to facilitate the sale or resale of Common Shares, (ii) sell, bid for or purchase Common Shares in violation of Regulation M, or

pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than the Agents, or (iii) take any action which would

directly or indirectly violate Regulation M.

(t) Investment

Company Act. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither it nor any of

its Subsidiaries will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, an “investment company,” as such

term is defined in the Investment Company Act.

(u) Sarbanes-Oxley

Act. The Company and the Subsidiaries will maintain and keep accurate books and records reflecting their assets and maintain

internal accounting controls in a manner designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and

the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and including those policies and procedures that

(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions

of the assets of the Company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation

of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, (iii) provide reasonable assurance that receipts

and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with management’s and the Company’s directors’ authorization,

and (iv) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of

the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements. The Company and the Subsidiaries

will maintain such controls and other procedures, including, without limitation, those required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley

Act, and the applicable regulations thereunder, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in

the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified

in the Commission’s rules and forms, including, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information

required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated

to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar

functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to ensure that material information relating to

the Company or the Subsidiaries is made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which such periodic

reports are being prepared.

(v) Research

Coordination. The Company shall promptly notify the Agents of any material earnings projections, changes in credit ratings

or other developments that may impact research reports regarding the Company’s securities.

8. Representations

and Covenants of the Agents. Each of the Agents represents and warrants that it is duly registered as a broker-dealer under

FINRA, the Exchange Act and the applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Placement Shares will be offered and sold,

except such states in which the Agent is exempt from registration or such registration is not otherwise required. Each of the

Agents shall continue, for the term of this Agreement, to be duly registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange Act and the

applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Placement Shares will be offered and sold, except such states in which

the Agent is exempt from registration or such registration is not otherwise required, during the term of this Agreement. The

Agents will comply with all applicable laws and regulations (including, without limitation, Regulation M) in connection with performing

their obligations under this Agreement.

9. Payment

of Expenses. Whether or not the transactions contemplated in this Agreement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, the Company

covenants with the Agents to pay or cause to be paid all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement,

including: (i) the fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company’s counsel and the Company’s accountants in connection

with the registration and delivery of the Placement Shares under the Securities Act and all other fees or expenses in connection with

the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement, any Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus, any free writing prospectus prepared

by or on behalf of, used by or referred to by the Company and amendments and supplements to any of the foregoing, including the filing

fees payable to the Commission relating to the Placement Shares (within the time required by Rule 456(b)(1), if applicable), all

printing costs associated therewith, and the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the Agents, (ii) all costs and expenses

related to the transfer and delivery of the Placement Shares, including any transfer or other taxes payable thereon, (iii) the cost

of printing or producing any Blue Sky or Legal Investment memorandum in connection with the offer and sale of the Placement Shares under

state securities laws and all expenses in connection with the qualification of the Placement Shares for offer and sale under state securities

laws as provided herein, including filing fees and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Agents in connection with

such qualification and in connection with the Blue Sky or Legal Investment memorandum, (iv) all filing fees and the reasonable fees

and disbursements of counsel to the Agents incurred in connection with the offering contemplated by this Agreement relating to any review

and qualification by FINRA, (v) all costs and expenses incident to listing the Placement Shares on the Exchange, (vi) the costs

and charges of any transfer agent, registrar or depositary, (vii) all other costs and expenses incident to the performance of the

obligations of the Company hereunder for which provision is not otherwise made in this Section, and (viii) and all of the Agents’

reasonable out-of-pocket expenses and reasonable fees incurred in connection with the offer and sale of the Placement Shares, including

reasonable fees and disbursements of the Agents’ legal counsel, provided that such reimbursement pursuant to this Section 9(ix)

will not exceed, without your prior written approval, $100,000 of total reimbursable expenses, payable upon the execution of this Agreement,

plus no more than $10,000 per quarter (“Quarterly Expense Amount”) for standard due diligence performed by the Agents

(subject to the suspension of such diligence set forth in Section 7(k)), provided further that, in the event quarterly diligence is suspended

as contemplated in Section 7(k), the Quarterly Expense Amount for any quarter in which diligence is not performed shall be carried forward

and added to the Quarterly Expense Amount for the next quarter in which diligence is performed.

10. Conditions

to the Agents’ Obligations. The obligations of the Agents hereunder with respect to a Placement will be subject to

the continuing accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein, to the due performance by the

Company of its obligations hereunder, to the completion by the Agents of a due diligence review satisfactory to them in their reasonable

judgment, and to the continuing satisfaction (or waiver by the Agents in their sole discretion) of the following additional conditions:

(a) Registration

Statement Effective. The Registration Statement shall have become effective and shall be available for the sale of all

Placement Shares contemplated to be issued by any Placement Notice.

(b) No

Changes. Since the later of (A) the date of this Agreement and (B) the immediately preceding Representation Date, there

shall not have occurred any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in

the earnings, business or operations of the Company, taken as a whole, from the respective dates of the Registration Statement and the

Prospectus that, in the Agents’ sole judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in the Agents’ sole judgment, impracticable

to market the Placement Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.

Material Notices. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt by the Company of

any request for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness

of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement

or the Prospectus; (ii) the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending

the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt by the Company

of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement Shares

for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) any event that makes any material

statement made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any material document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein

by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or

documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or

omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and that, in

the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact

required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made,

not misleading.

(d) No

Misstatement or Material Omission. The Agents shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus,

or any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in the Agents’ reasonable opinion is material,

or omits to state a fact that in the Agents’ opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the

statements therein not misleading.

(e) Material

Changes. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company’s reports filed with the Commission,

there shall not have been any material adverse change, on a consolidated basis, in the authorized capital stock of the Company or any

Material Adverse Effect, or any development in the business or affairs of the Company that could reasonably be expected to cause a Material

Adverse Effect.

(f) Legal

Opinion. The Agents shall have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of Company Counsel required to be delivered

pursuant to Section 7(n) on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinion is required pursuant to Section 7(n).

(g) Comfort

Letter. The Agents shall have received at each Applicable Time, including at such time there is furnished to the Commission by the

Company any document which contains additional or amended financial information, including any earnings release, letters dated such date

in form and substance satisfactory to the Agents, from Company Auditor, current independent registered public accountant for the Company,

(A) confirming that as of the date of its respective audit report(s), it was an independent registered public accounting firm within

the meaning of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the PCAOB, (B) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of

such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants’ “comfort letters”

to underwriters in connection with registered public offerings (the first such letters from Company Auditor, the “Initial Comfort

Letter”) and (C) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial

Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any

issuer free writing prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter.

(h) Representation

Certificate. The Agents shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(m) on or before

the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section 7(m).

(i) No

Suspension. Trading in the Common Shares shall not have been suspended on the Exchange and the Common Shares shall not

have been delisted from the Exchange.

(j) No

FINRA Objections. FINRA shall not have raised any objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the terms and arrangements

under this Agreement.

(k) Other

Materials. On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 7(m), the Company

shall have furnished to the Agents such appropriate further information, certificates and documents of the Company as the Agents may have

reasonably requested in writing prior to such date and which are usually and customarily furnished by an issuer of securities in connection

with the underwritten public offering thereof. All such certificates and documents will be in compliance with the provisions

hereof. The Company will furnish the Agents with such conformed copies of such certificates and documents as the Agents shall

reasonably request.

(l) Board

Approval. Prior to instructing the Designated Agent pursuant to this Agreement to make sales on any given day (or as otherwise agreed

between the Company and the Agents), the Company’s board of directors or a committee thereof authorized by either such board of

directors or any authorized committee thereof (i) shall have approved the minimum price and maximum number of Placement Shares to

be sold on such day and (ii) shall have provided to the Company an authorizing resolution approving such price and number. The instructions

provided to the Designated Agent by the Company, pursuant to this Agreement, on such day shall reflect the terms of such authorizing resolution.

(m) Securities

Act Filings Made. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act to have been filed prior

to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by

Rule 424.

(n) Approval

for Listing. The Placement Shares shall either have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to notice of

issuance, or the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange at, or prior to, the issuance

of any Placement Notice.

(o) Regulation

M. The exemptive provisions set forth in Rule 101(c)(1) of Regulation M under the Exchange Act are satisfied with respect

to the Company and the Placement Shares, or, if such provisions are not satisfied, the Company shall have provided appropriate notice

to the Agents and sales shall have been suspended until such provisions are satisfied or alternative compliance measures have been implemented.

(p) No

Termination Event. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit the Agents to terminate this Agreement pursuant

to Section 13(a).

(q) Actively-Traded

Securities. If the exemptive provisions set forth in Rule 101(c)(1) of Regulation M under the Exchange Act are not satisfied

with respect to the Company or the Placement Shares, the Company shall promptly notify the Agents, and future offers and sales of Placement

Shares through the Agents on an agency basis under this Agreement shall be suspended until such exemptive provisions have been satisfied

in the judgment of each party. If the exemptive provisions subsequently become satisfied, the Company shall promptly notify the Agents.

11. Indemnification

and Contribution.

(a) Company

Indemnification. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each of the Agents, its partners, members, directors,

officers, employees and selling agents and each person, if any, who controls any of the Agents within the meaning of Section 15 of

the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act and each affiliate of any of the Agents within the meaning of Rule 405 under

the Securities Act, as follows:

(i) against

any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based upon any untrue

statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or the omission

or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading,

or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus

or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary

in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

(ii) against

any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the aggregate amount

paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened,

or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; and

(iii) against

any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred in investigating,

preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened,

or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission, to the extent

that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above, provided, however, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss,

liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission

made solely in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Agents expressly for use in the

Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto) or in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment

or supplement thereto).

(b) Agent

Indemnification. Each Agent severally agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer

of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who (i) controls the Company within the meaning of Section

15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act or (ii) is controlled by or is under common control with the Company against

any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in Section 11(a), as incurred, but only with

respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments

thereto) or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity

with information furnished to the Company in writing by such Agent expressly for use therein.

party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section 11 will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement

of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this Section

11, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so

to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i) any liability that it might have to any indemnified

party otherwise than under this Section 11 and (ii) any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provisions

of this Section 11 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture or material impairment of rights or defenses

by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party

of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written

notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly

with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the

indemnified party, and shall pay the fees and disbursements of such counsel related to such proceedings, and after notice from the indemnifying

party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party

for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation subsequently incurred by

the indemnified party in connection with the defense. The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in

any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (1) the

employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by the indemnifying party, (2) the indemnified party

has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that

are materially different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (3) a conflict or potential conflict exists

(based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying

party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party) or (4) the indemnifying party

has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement

of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying

party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related

proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm

admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. Such firm shall be designated in

writing by the applicable Agent, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 11(a), and by the Company, in the case of parties

indemnified pursuant to Section 11(b). All such fees, disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying

party promptly after the indemnifying party receives a written invoice relating to fees, disbursements and other charges in reasonable

detail. An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written

consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify

the indemnified party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence,

if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses

of counsel as contemplated by the third and fourth sentences of this paragraph, the indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable

for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after

receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request and (ii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed the indemnified

party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written

consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action

or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section 11 (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless

such settlement, compromise or consent (1) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out

of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (2) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability

or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

(d) Contribution. In

order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs

of this Section 11 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or any

Agent, the Company and the applicable Agent will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including

any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action,

suit or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from persons other than the Agents,

such as persons who control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration

Statement and directors of the Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and the applicable Agent may be

subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the applicable

Agent on the other hand. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the applicable Agent on the other hand shall

be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before deducting expenses) received

by the Company bear to the total compensation received by such Agent (before deducting expenses) from the sale of Placement Shares on

behalf of the Company. If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation

of contribution shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing

sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the applicable Agent, on the other hand, with respect to the

statements or omission that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other

relevant equitable considerations with respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other

things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates

to information supplied by the Company or the applicable Agent, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information

and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Agents agree that it would not be just and equitable

if contributions pursuant to this Section 11(d) were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation

that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as

a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this Section 11(d)

shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of this Section 11(d), any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified

party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim to the extent consistent with Section 11(c) hereof.

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11(d), no Agent shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of

the commissions received by it under this Agreement and no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of

Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

For purposes of this Section 11(d), any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act or

the Exchange Act, and any officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of an Agent, will have the same rights to contribution as

that party, and each officer and director of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution

as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of

commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this Section 11(d),

will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not relieve that party

or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this Section 11(d) except to

the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution

is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of Section 11(c) hereof, no party will be liable for

contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to Section 11(c)

hereof.

(e) Non-Exclusive

Remedies. The obligations of the parties to this Agreement contained in this Section 11 are not exclusive and shall not limit

any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any indemnified party at law or in equity.

(f) Information

Provided by the Agents. It is understood and agreed that the only information furnished by the Agents to the Company pursuant to Section

11(a) or 11(b) that is included in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any road show other material consists of the information

set forth in the eighth paragraph under the caption “Plan of Distribution” in the Prospectus Supplement, and the information

provided by the Agents in trading reports related to the sale of Placement Shares hereunder.

12. Representations

and Agreements to Survive Delivery. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section 11 of this Agreement,

all representations and warranties of the Company and the Agents herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto and the provisions

of Section 5(b), 5(c), 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 23–26 shall survive, and remain in full force and effect, as

of their respective dates, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of the Agents, any controlling persons, or the

Company (or any of their respective officers, directors or controlling persons), (ii) delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares

and payment therefor or (iii) any termination of this Agreement.

13. Termination.

(a) The

Designated Agent may terminate this Agreement, by notice to the Company, as hereinafter specified at any time (1) if there has been,

since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus, any Material Adverse

Effect, or any development that has occurred that is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect, has occurred or in the sole

judgment of the Designated Agent makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale

of the Placement Shares, (2) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international

financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving

a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such

as to make it, in the sole judgment of the Designated Agent, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce

contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares, (3) if trading in the Common Shares has been suspended or limited by the Commission

or the Exchange, or if trading generally on the Exchange has been suspended or limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed

on the Exchange, (4) if any suspension of trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market

shall have occurred and be continuing for at least ten (10) Trading Days, (5) if a major disruption of securities settlements or

clearance services in the United States shall have occurred and be continuing, or (6) if a banking moratorium has been declared by

either U.S. Federal or New York authorities (including the Board of Governors of the U.S. Federal Reserve System). Any such

termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions that expressly survive set forth in

Section 12 shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If the Designated Agent elects to terminate this Agreement

as provided in this Section 13(a), the Designated Agent shall provide the required notice as specified in Section 14 (Notices).

(b) The

Company shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days’ notice as hereinafter specified, to terminate this Agreement in its sole

discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any

other party except that the provisions that expressly survive set forth in Section 12 shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding

such termination.

Agent, as to itself, shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days’ notice as hereinafter specified, to terminate this Agreement

in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any

party to any other party except that the provisions that expressly survive set forth in Section 12 shall remain in full force and effect

notwithstanding such termination.

(d) Unless

earlier terminated pursuant to this Section 13, this Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the issuance and sale of all of the

Placement Shares through the Designated Agent on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein except that the provisions that

expressly survive set forth in Section 12, other than Sections 5(b) and 5(c), shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such

termination.

(e) This

Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Sections 13(a), (b), (c) or (d) above or otherwise by mutual

agreement of the parties; provided, however, that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that

the provisions that expressly survive set forth in Section 12, other than Sections 5(b) and 5(c), shall remain in full force and effect. Upon

termination of this Agreement and subject to the sections of this Agreement that will remain in full force and effect pursuant to this

Section 13(e), the Company shall not have any liability to the Agents for any discount, commission or other compensation with respect

to any Placement Shares not otherwise sold by the Designated Agent under this Agreement.

(f) Any

termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; provided, however, that such termination

shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by the Agents or the Company, as the case may

be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Shares, such Placement Shares shall

settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

14. Notices. All

notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement

shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified, and if sent to the Agents, shall be delivered to:

Craig-Hallum Capital Group, LLC

323 N Washington Ave., Suite 300

Minneapolis, MN 55401

Attention: Chris Jensen

Telephone: 612-334-6305

Email: chris.jensen@craig-hallum.com

The Benchmark Company, LLC

150 E. 58th Street, 17th Floor

New York, NY 10155

Attention: John J. Borer III

Email: johnborer@stonex.com

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

430 Park Avenue, 3rd Floor

New York, NY 10022

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

Telephone: (212) 356-0500

Email: notices@hcwco.com

with a copy to:

Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP

2200 Wells Fargo Center

90 South Seventh Street

Minneapolis, MN 55402-3901

Attn: Jonathan R. Zimmerman

Email: Jon.Zimmerman@FaegreDrinker.com

and if to the Company, shall be delivered to:

Alto Ingredients, Inc.

1300 South Second Street

Pekin, IL 61554

Attention: Auste Graham

Telephone: 309-347-9229

Email: agraham@altoingredients.com

with a copy to:

Troutman Pepper Locke LLP

100 Spectrum Center Drive, Suite 1500

Irvine, CA 92618

Attention: Larry A. Cerutti

Telephone: (949) 622-2710

Email: larry.cerutti@troutman.com

Each party to this Agreement

may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose. Each

such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i) when delivered personally or by verifiable facsimile transmission (with

an original to follow) on or before 4:30 p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day or, if such day is not a Business Day, on the

next succeeding Business Day, (ii) on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized overnight courier and

(iii) on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested,

postage prepaid). For purposes of this Agreement, “Business Day” shall mean any day on which the Exchange

and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.

An electronic communication

(“Electronic Notice”) shall be deemed written notice for purposes of this Section 14 if sent to the electronic mail

address specified by the receiving party under separate cover. Electronic Notice shall be deemed received at the time the party

sending Electronic Notice receives confirmation of receipt by the receiving party. Any party receiving Electronic Notice may

request and shall be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a non-electronic form (“Non-electronic Notice”), which

shall be sent to the requesting party within ten (10) days of receipt of the written request for Non-electronic Notice.

15. Successors

and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and each Agent and their respective

successors and the affiliates, controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in Section 11 hereof. References to

any of the parties contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing

in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors

and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided

in this Agreement. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent

of the other party.

16. Adjustments

for Stock Splits. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be

adjusted to take into account any share consolidation, stock split, stock dividend, corporate domestication or similar event effected

with respect to the Placement Shares.

17. Entire

Agreement; Amendment; Severability. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement

Notices issued pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes

all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject

matter hereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by

the Company and the Agents, and no condition herein (express or implied) may be waived unless waived in writing by each party whom the

condition is meant to benefit. In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any

circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be

given full force and effect to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and

provisions herein shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable term or provision was not contained herein, but only

to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the

intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement.

18. GOVERNING

LAW AND TIME; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE

STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME. THE COMPANY

HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING

ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

19. CONSENT

TO JURISDICTION. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE NON-EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS SITTING IN

THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED

HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY

SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE

OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS

TO PROCESS BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT

REQUESTED) TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE

GOOD AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY

RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW.

20. Counterparts. This

Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute

one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile transmission.

21. Effect

of Headings. The section and Exhibit headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction

hereof.

22. Permitted

Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the

Agents (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), and the Agents represent, warrant and agree that, unless

they obtain the prior consent of the Company (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), they have not made

and will not make any offer relating to the Placement Shares that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise

constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405, required to be filed with the Commission. Any

such free writing prospectus consented to by the Agents or by the Company, as the case may be, is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted

Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company represents and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat any

Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and

will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the

Commission where required, legending and record keeping. For the purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that all free

writing prospectuses, if any, listed in Exhibit 23 hereto are Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses.

23. Absence

of Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that:

(a) each

of the Agents is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares and in connection with each transaction

contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship between the Company

or any of its respective affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any other party, on the one hand,

and any of the Agents, on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,

irrespective of whether or not any of the Agents has advised or is advising the Company on other matters, and the Agents have no obligation

to the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement;

(b) it

is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated

by this Agreement;

Agents has not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement

and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate;

(d) it

is aware that the Agents and their affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from

those of the Company and the Agents have no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary,

advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and

(e) it

waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against the Agents for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach

of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of Placement Shares under this Agreement and agrees that the Agents shall not have any liability

(whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise) to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting

a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Company, employees or creditors of Company, other than in respect of the

Agents’ obligations under this Agreement and to keep information provided by the Company to the Agents and the Agents’ counsel

confidential to the extent not otherwise publicly available.

24. Press

Releases and Disclosure. The Company may issue a press release describing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby

as soon as practicable following the date of this Agreement, and may file with the Commission a Current Report on Form 8-K, with this

Agreement attached as an exhibit thereto, describing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and the Company shall

consult with the Agents prior to making such disclosures, and the parties hereto shall use all commercially reasonable efforts, acting

in good faith, to agree upon a text for such disclosures that is reasonably satisfactory to all parties hereto. No party hereto shall

issue thereafter any press release or like public statement (including, without limitation, any disclosure required in reports filed with

the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act) related to this Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated hereby without the prior

written approval of the other party hereto, except as may be necessary or appropriate in the reasonable opinion of the party seeking to

make disclosure to comply with the requirements of applicable law or stock exchange rules and except for the disclosure required pursuant

to Section 7(c) of this Agreement in the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or annual reports on Form 10-K. If any such press

release or like public statement is so required, the party making such disclosure shall consult with the other party prior to making such

disclosure, and the parties shall use all commercially reasonable efforts, acting in good faith, to agree upon a text for such disclosure

that is reasonably satisfactory to all parties hereto.

25. Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes.

(a) In

the event that the any of the Agents is a Covered Entity (as defined in this Section) and becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S.

Special Resolution Regime (as defined in this Section), the transfer from such Agent of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation

in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution

Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United

States.

(b) In

the event that any of the Agents is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate (as defined in this Section) of any of the Agents becomes

subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights (as defined in this Section) under this Agreement that

may be exercised against such Agent are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under

the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

purposes of this Section 25: (i) a “BHC Act Affiliate” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and

shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k); (ii) a “Covered Entity” means any of the following: (A)

a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); (B) a “covered

bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (C) a “covered FSI”

as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b); (iii) “Default Right” has the meaning

assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable; and

(iv) “U.S. Special Resolution Regime” means each of (A) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated

thereunder and (B) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

26. Definitions. As

used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:

“Applicable

Time” means (i) each Representation Date and (ii) the time of each sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement.

“Issuer Free Writing

Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, relating to the Placement Shares

that (1) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (2) is a “road show” that is a “written

communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i) whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (3) is

exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Placement Shares or of the offering that

does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be

filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act Regulations.

“Rule 164,”

“Rule 172,” “Rule 405,” “Rule 415,” “Rule 424,” “Rule 424(b)”

and “Rule 433” refer to such rules under the Securities Act Regulations.

All references in this Agreement

to financial statements and schedules and other information that is “contained,” “included” or “stated”

in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such

financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus,

as the case may be.

All references in this Agreement

to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy

filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (other than any Issuer

Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule 433, are not required to be filed with the Commission) shall be deemed to include

the copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to “supplements” to the

Prospectus shall include, without limitation, any supplements, “wrappers” or similar materials prepared in connection with

any offering, sale or private placement of any Placement Shares by the Designated Agent outside of the United States.

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]

If the foregoing correctly

sets forth the understanding between the Company and the Agents, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon

this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and the Agents.

Very truly yours,

ALTO INGREDIENTS, INC.

By:

/s/ Bryon McGregor

Name:

Bryon McGregor

Title:

President and CEO

ACCEPTED as of the date first-above written:

CRAIG-HALLUM CAPITAL GROUP, LLC

By:

/s/ Rick Hartfiel

Name:

Rick Hartfiel

Title:

Head of Investment Banking

THE BENCHMARK COMPANY, LLC

By:

/s/ John Borer III

Name:

John Borer III

Title:

Head of Investment Banking

H.C. WAINWRIGHT & CO., LLC

By:

/s/ Edward Silvera

Name:

Edward Silvera

Title:

Co-Chief Executive Officer

[Signature Page to At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement]

SCHEDULE 1

FORM OF PLACEMENT NOTICE

From: Alto Ingredients, Inc.

To:

Craig-Hallum Capital Group, LLC

Attention:

Chris Jensen

612-334-6305

chris.jensen@craig-hallum.com

Subject: At-The-Market Issuance--Placement Notice

Gentlemen:

Pursuant to the terms and subject to the

conditions contained in the At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement among Alto Ingredients, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the

“Company”), Craig-Hallum Capital Group, LLC (“Craig-Hallum” or the “Designated

Agent”), The Benchmark Company, LLC and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (each, an “Agent”, and

collectively with Craig-Hallum, the “Agents”), dated August 5, 2026, the Company hereby requests that the

Designated Agent sell up to ____________ shares of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a minimum market

price of $[●] per share, during the time period beginning [month, day, time] and ending [month, day, time]. [The Company may

include such other sales parameters as it deems appropriate.]

SCHEDULE 2

Compensation

The compensation to the Agents

for sales of the Placement Shares with respect to which the Designated Agent acts as sales agent hereunder shall be 3.00% of the gross

offering proceeds from the Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement (the “Selling Commission”). For each sale

of Placement Shares, the amount of sale proceeds remaining after payment of the applicable Selling Commission shall constitute the net

proceeds to the Company for such sale of Placement Shares. The Company shall pay to the Agents, on the applicable Settlement Date, the

Selling Commission for the applicable Placement Shares sold by the Designated Agent (which amount may be withheld by the Designated Agent

from the gross proceeds from the sale of such Placement Shares). For the avoidance of doubt, any expense payment and reimbursement obligations

of the Company set forth in Section 9 of this Agreement shall be separate and independent obligations of the Company and shall not be

deemed a credit or otherwise act to offset the compensation to the Agents pursuant to this Agreement.

SCHEDULE 3

Notice Parties

The Company:

Attention: Auste Graham

Telephone: 309-347-9229

Email: agraham@altoingredients.com

The Agents:

Craig-Hallum Capital Group, LLC

chris.jensen@craig-hallum.com

The Benchmark Company, LLC

john.borer@stonex.com

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC

atm@hcwco.com

notices@hcwco.com

EXHIBIT 7(m)

Form of Representation Date Certificate

[DATE]

This Officer’s

Certificate (this “Certificate”) is executed and delivered pursuant to Section 7(m) of the At-The-Market Issuance

Sales Agreement (the “Agreement”), dated August 5, 2026, among Alto Ingredients, Inc. (the

“Company”), Craig-Hallum Capital Group, LLC (“Craig-Hallum”), The Benchmark Company, LLC and

H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (each, an “Agent”, and collectively with Craig-Hallum, the

“Agents”). All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the

Agreement.

The undersigned, a duly appointed

and authorized officer of the Company, having made reasonable inquiries to establish the accuracy of the statements below and having been

authorized by the Company to execute this certificate on behalf of the Company, hereby certifies, on behalf of the Company and not in

the undersigned’s individual capacity, as follows:

1. As

of the date of this Certificate and as of each Applicable Time, if any, subsequent to the immediately preceding Representation Date, (i)

the Registration Statement does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated

therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) neither the Registration Statement nor the Prospectus

contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order

to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and (iii) no event has occurred

as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented as of the date hereof, in order

to make the statements therein not untrue or misleading, or for (i) and (ii) to be true; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not

apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such document made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the

Company by the Agents specifically for use in the preparation thereof.

2. Each

of the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the Agreement was true and correct in all material respects when originally

made, and, except for those representations and warranties that speak solely as of a specific date, is true and correct as of the date

of this Certificate.

3. Except

as waived by the Agents in writing, (i) each of the covenants required to be performed by the Company in the Agreement on or prior to

the date of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each such other date prior to the date hereof as set forth in the Agreement,

has been duly, timely and fully performed in all material respects and (ii) each condition required to be complied with by the Company

on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each such other date prior to the date hereof as set forth in

the Agreement has been duly, timely and fully complied with in all material respects.

4. No

stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any part thereof has been issued, and, to the Company’s

knowledge, no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending under the Securities Act.

5. The

Prospectus and any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus have been timely filed with the Commission under the Securities Act, and all requests

for additional information on the part of the Commission have been complied with or otherwise satisfied.

6. Actively-Traded

Security. The Common Shares are an “actively-traded security” exempted from the requirements of Rule 101 of Regulation

M under the Exchange Act by subsection (c)(1) of such rule.

The undersigned has executed

this Certificate on behalf of the Company as of the date first written above.

ALTO INGREDIENTS, INC.

By:

Name:

Title:

Exhibit 23

Permitted Free Writing Prospectus

None.

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Aug. 05, 2026

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ALTO INGREDIENTS, INC.

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Pekin

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