Form 8-K
8-K — Motorsport Games Inc.
Accession: 0001493152-26-034341
Filed: 2026-07-23
Period: 2026-07-22
CIK: 0001821175
SIC: 7372 (SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE)
Item: Material Modifications to Rights of Security Holders
Item: Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
Item: Financial Statements and Exhibits
Documents
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2026-07-22
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UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
DC 20549
FORM
8-K
CURRENT
REPORT
Pursuant
to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date
of report (Date of earliest event reported): July 22, 2026
Motorsport
Games Inc.
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
001-39868
86-1791356
(State
or other jurisdiction
of
incorporation)
(Commission
File
Number)
(I.R.S.
Employer
Identification
No.)
3350
SW 148th Avenue,
Suite
207
Miramar,
FL
33027
(Address of principal executive
offices)
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code: (305) 413-0812
N/A
(Former
name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check
the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under
any of the following provisions:
☐
Written communications
pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
☐
Soliciting material pursuant
to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
☐
Pre-commencement communications
pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
☐
Pre-commencement communications
pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title
of each class
Trading
Symbol(s)
Name
of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, $0.0001
par value per share
MSGM
The
Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(The
Nasdaq Capital Market)
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights
N/A
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
(The Nasdaq Capital Market)
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405
of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging
growth company ☒
If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Item
3.03 Material
Modification to Rights of Security Holders.
The
information included in Item 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.03.
Item
5.03. Amendments
to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.
On
July 22, 2026, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Motorsport Games Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”)
determined to amend the Company’s Bylaws (the “Bylaws”) by adopting certain Amended and Restated Bylaws (the
“Amended and Restated Bylaws”), effective as of such date.
The
following is a summary of the material changes to the Bylaws effected by the adoption of the Amended and Restated Bylaws.
This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Amended and Restated Bylaws, a copy of which is filed
as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference. Capitalized terms used but not defined
herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Amended and Restated Bylaws.
Conduct
of Meetings
The
Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that the Board or the presiding officer of any stockholders meeting has broad authority,
to the maximum extent permitted
by applicable law, to establish the rules ,
regulations, and procedures necessary or desirable for the proper conduct
of a stockholders’
meetings, including, without limitation, (i) establishing an agenda for the meeting and the order
for the consideration of the items of business on such agenda; (ii) establishing procedures for the maintenance of order and safety;
(iii) limiting attendance at the meeting to stockholders of record of the Company, their duly authorized proxies, and such other persons
as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (iv) limiting participation at the meeting on any matter to stockholders of record of the
Company entitled to vote on such matter, their duly authorized proxies, and other such persons as the chairman of the meeting may determine
to recognize and, as a condition to recognizing any such participant, requiring such participant to provide the chairman of the meeting
with evidence of his or her name and affiliation, whether he or she is a stockholder or a proxy for a stockholder, and the class and
series and number of shares of each class and series of capital stock of the Company which are owned beneficially and/or of record by
such stockholder; (v) limiting the time allotted to questions or comments on the affairs of the Company; (vi) restricting entry to such
meeting after the time prescribed for the commencement thereof; (vii) removing any stockholder or any other person who refuses to comply
with meeting procedures, rules, or guidelines as established by the chairman of the meeting; (viii) restricting use of any audio or video
recording or transmitting devices at the meeting: (ix) determining when and for how long the polls should be opened and when the polls
should be closed; (x) announcing the results of voting; and (xi) taking such other action as is deemed necessary, appropriate, desirable,
or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting.
Adjournment
of Stockholders’ Meetings
The
Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that if a quorum is not present or represented at any stockholders’ meeting, a majority of
the voting power of the Company’s stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting or the individual acting
as chairman of the meeting may adjourn the meeting, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present
or represented. The Amended and Restated Bylaws also provide that the individual acting as chairman of the meeting may also, from time
to time, for any or no reason, adjourn or recess any meeting of stockholders.
Postponements
and Cancellations of Stockholders’ Meetings
The Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that the
Board may, from time to time, for any or no reason, postpone or cancel any meeting of stockholders
upon public notice given prior to the time previously scheduled for such meeting of stockholders.
Business
Conducted or Considered at Meetings of Stockholders
The
Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that, for nominations and proposals of other business to have been properly brought before an annual
meeting such nominations and proposals of other business must be: (i) specified in the Company’s notice of meeting given by or
at the direction of the Board, (ii) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board, or (iii) otherwise
properly requested by an eligible stockholder who complies with the advance notice and procedural requirements set forth in the Amended
and Restated Bylaws. To be properly brought before a special meeting, proposals of business must be specified in the notice of meeting
given by or at the direction of the Board or brought before the meeting at the direction of the Board.
For nominations
of individuals for election to the Board of Directors and/or proposals of other business to be properly requested by a stockholder to
be brought before an annual meeting, a stockholder must (i) be a stockholder of record of the Company as of the record date set by the
Board of Directors for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the annual meeting and at the time
of such meeting (and any postponement or adjournment thereof); (ii) be a stockholder of record at the time of giving of the notice by
the stockholder provided for in the advance notice provisions of the Amended and Restated Bylaws; (iii) be entitled to vote at the meeting
(and any postponement or adjournment thereof) in the election of each individual so nominated and on any such other business proposed
by such stockholder; (iv) be Present in Person at the applicable annual meeting (and any postponement or adjournment thereof); and (v)
comply in all applicable respects with the requirements and procedures set forth in the Amended and Restated Bylaws, including, but not
limited to, the advance notice requirements thereof, and with the other requirements of applicable law.
Advance
Notice Requirements
The
Amended and Restated Bylaws enhance the procedural mechanics and disclosure requirements in connection with stockholder nominations of
directors and submissions of stockholder proposals (other than proposals to be included in the Company’s proxy statement pursuant
to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) at stockholders’ meetings,
including, without limitation, by:
●
Providing that. to be timely, a stockholder’s
notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Company not earlier than the close of business
on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day and not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the first
anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting
is more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after such anniversary date or, if the Company did not hold an
annual meeting in the preceding year, notice by the stockholder must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the
one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later
of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the date of such annual meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of such annual
meeting is less than one hundred (100) days prior to the date of such annual meeting, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which
public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Company;
●
Providing
that, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors at the next annual meeting is increased by
the Board of Directors, and there is no public announcement by the Company of such action specifying the size of the increased Board
at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting or, if the Company did
not hold an annual meeting in the preceding year, a stockholder’s notice shall also be considered timely with respect to the
next annual meeting, but only with respect to nominees for any new director positions created by such increase that would be filled at the next annual meeting, and only with
respect to a stockholder who, prior to the otherwise applicable stockholder notice deadline, submitted to the Company a timely and
proper stockholder’s notice proposing nominees for election to the Board of Directors at such annual meeting in compliance
with the Amended and Restated Bylaws in all applicable respects, if such notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal
executive offices of the Company not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public
announcement is first made by the Company;
●
Requiring
that a stockholder that submits a notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’ meeting set forth therein the class or series and number of shares of stock which are owned beneficially and/or of record by such stockholder
and/or beneficial owner, the date on which such shares were acquired and the investment intent at the time of such acquisition, and
any shares of any class or series of stock of the Company as to which such stockholder and such beneficial owner has a right to acquire
beneficial ownership at any time in the future;
●
Requiring
that a stockholder that submits a notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’ meeting provide therein a description of any agreement, arrangement, or understanding (whether written or oral, formal or informal, or monetary
or non-monetary), including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock
appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares, that has been entered into by, or on behalf
of, such stockholder or such beneficial owner and any of their Affiliates or Associates, whether or not such instrument or right
shall be subject to settlement in underlying shares of stock, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or
benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or such beneficial owner or any
of their Affiliates or Associates, with respect to securities of the Company;
●
Requiring
that a stockholder that submits a notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’ meeting provide therein a description of any agreement, arrangement, or understanding (whether written or oral, formal or informal, or monetary
or non-monetary) with respect to the nomination or proposal between or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner, any of
their respective Affiliates or Associates, and any other persons, including, in the case of a nomination, the proposed nominee;
●
Requiring
that a stockholder that submits a notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’ meeting provide
therein a description of any agreement, arrangement, or understanding (whether written or oral, formal or informal, or monetary or
non-monetary), including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation
or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares, that has been entered into by, or on behalf of, such stockholder
or such beneficial owner and any of their Affiliates or Associates, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement
in underlying shares of stock, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes
for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or such beneficial owner or any of their Affiliates or Associates,
with respect to securities of the Company;
●
Requiring
that a stockholder that submits a notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’ meeting provide
therein a reasonably detailed description of any material pending or threatened legal proceeding in which such stockholder or such
beneficial owner is, or is reasonably expected to be made, a party or material participant involving the Company or any of its officers
or directors;
●
Requiring
that a stockholder that submits a notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’ meeting provide
therein a reasonably detailed description of any material relationship between such stockholder or such beneficial owner, on the
one hand, and the Company or any Affiliate or Associate of the Company, on the other hand;
●
Requiring
that a stockholder that submits a notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’ meeting provide
therein a reasonably detailed description of any plans or proposals of such stockholder or such beneficial owner relating to the
Company that would be required to be disclosed by such stockholder or beneficial owner pursuant to Item 4 of Schedule 13D if a Schedule
13D relating to the Company was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) by such stockholder
or such beneficial owner pursuant to the Exchange Act (regardless of whether the requirement to file a Schedule 13D with the SEC
is applicable to such stockholder or beneficial owner) together with a description of any agreements, arrangements, or understandings
(whether written or oral, formal or informal, or monetary or non-monetary) that relate to such plans or proposals and naming all
the parties to any such agreements, arrangements, or understandings;
●
Requiring
a stockholder that submits a notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’ meeting to update
and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice shall be true
and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment
or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of
the Company not later than five (5) business days after the record date for the meeting in the case of the update and supplement
required to be made as of the record date, and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or any adjournment
or postponement thereof in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting
or any adjournment or postponement thereof;
●
Providing
that, upon written request by the Secretary or the Board of Directors, any stockholder that submits a stockholder notice of proposed
business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’ meeting shall provide, within five (5) business days of delivery
of such request (or such other period as may be specified in such request), (A) written verification, satisfactory, in the sole discretion
of the Board of Directors or the Secretary, as applicable, to demonstrate the accuracy of any information included by the stockholder
in its notice of proposed business and/or nominations, and (B) a written update of any information (including, if requested by the
Secretary or the Board of Directors, written confirmation by such stockholder that it continues to intend to bring such nomination(s)
or other business proposal before the meeting) included by the stockholder in its notice of proposed business and/or nominations
as of an earlier date;
●
Requiring
each proposed nominee for election to the Board of Directors to complete and deliver to the Secretary at the principal executive
offices of the Company (in accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery of a stockholder’s notice pursuant to the
advance notice requirements of the Amended and Restated Bylaws) a mandatory written questionnaire, in the form provided by the
Company upon request, with respect to the background, qualifications, stock ownership, and independence of such proposed
nominee;
●
Requiring
that each proposed nominee for election to the Board of Directors enter into a written representation and agreement, in the form
provided by the Company upon request, with respect to various matters, including without limitation that such proposed nominee (i)
is not, and will not become, a party to any voting commitments (as defined in the Amended and Restated Bylaws) that has not been
disclosed to the Company or any voting commitment that could limit or interfere with such proposed nominee’s ability to comply,
if elected as a director of the Company, with such proposed nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law; (ii) is not and
will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement, or understanding (whether written or oral, formal or informal, or monetary
or non-monetary) with any person or entity other than the Company with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement,
or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed to the Company; (iii) if elected
as a director of the Company, will comply, with all applicable corporate governance, code of conduct and ethics, conflict of interest,
confidentiality, stock ownership, and trading policies, and any other of the Company’s policies or guidelines applicable to
directors and in effect during such person’s term in office as a director; (iv) if elected as a director of the Company, will
comply with all applicable rules of the SEC, all applicable rules of any securities exchanges upon which the Company’s securities
are listed, the certificate of incorporation, the bylaws, and all applicable fiduciary duties under state law; (v) is not now subject
to any governmental law, regulation, order, decree, or sanction that could prohibit or limit such director nominee’s service
on the Board of Directors or any committee thereof; and (vi) if elected as a director of the Company, intends to serve the entire
term of such directorship;
●
Providing
that the Company may require any stockholder providing a notice of nominations with respect to a proposed nominee for election to
the Board of Directors to furnish such other information regarding such individual as may reasonably be requested by the Secretary
or the Board of Directors in writing prior to the meeting of stockholders at which the nomination of such individual is intended
to be made in order for the Board of Directors to assess the qualifications, suitability, and eligibility of such individual to serve
as a director, or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof,
of such individual under the listing standards of each securities exchange upon which the Company’s securities are listed,
any applicable rules of the SEC, any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in selecting nominees for election
as a director and for determining and disclosing the independence of directors, including those applicable to a director’s
service on any of the committees of the Board, or the requirements of any other laws or regulations applicable to the Company (such
information, if requested by the Secretary or the Board of Directors, must be provided within five (5) business days after it has
been requested);
●
Requiring
an acknowledgment from a stockholder that submits a notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’
meeting that if such stockholder is not Present in Person at such meeting to nominate the proposed nominee(s)
or to bring such business included in its stockholder notice, as applicable, before such meeting, the Company need not present such
business or proposed nominee(s) for a vote at such meeting, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received
by the Company;
●
Requiring
that a stockholders’ notice of proposed nominations include for each proposed nominee a description in reasonable detail of
any and all litigation, whether or not judicially resolved, settled, or dismissed, relating to such individual’s past or current
service on the board of directors, board of trustees, or similar governing body of any corporation, limited liability company, partnership,
trust, or any other entity;
●
Requiring
that a stockholders’ notice of proposed nominations include for each proposed nominee a description in reasonable detail of
any agreements, arrangements, or understandings (whether written or oral, formal or informal, or monetary or non-monetary) between
such individual and any person as to how such individual, if elected as a director of the Company, would act or vote on any issue
or question that may come before the Board of Directors;
●
Requiring
that a stockholders’ notice of proposed nominations include for each proposed nominee a description in reasonable detail of
any agreements, arrangements, or understandings (whether written or oral, formal, or informal, or monetary or non-monetary) between
such individual and any person that could limit or interfere with such individual’s ability to comply, if elected as a director,
with his or her fiduciary duties under applicable law;
●
Requiring
that a stockholders’ notice of proposed nominations include for each proposed nominee a description in reasonable detail of
any business or personal interests that could place such individual, if elected as a director of the Company, in a potential conflict
of interest with the Company or any of its subsidiaries;
●
Requiring
that a stockholder’s notice of proposed nominations include for each proposed nominee the amount of any equity securities beneficially
owned by such individual in any person or entity that competes with the Company;
●
Requiring
that each proposed nominee for election to the Board of Directors submit to interviews with the Board of Directors or any committee
thereof within five (5) business days following any request therefor from the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, and that
such proposed nominee be completely candid and truthful in responding to any questions posed during such interviews;
●
Requiring
that a stockholder intending to solicit proxies in support of director nominees (other than the Company’s nominees), provide
a representation as to whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, intends or is part of a group which intends to solicit
proxies in support of its nominees in accordance with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act, including delivering a proxy
statement and form of proxy to holders representing at least sixty-seven percent (67%) of the Company’s voting shares entitled
to vote on the election of directors in support of such nominee or nominees and to otherwise comply with all applicable provisions
of Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act (including the Staff of the SEC’s interpretative guidance relating thereto),
or, in the case of a stockholder soliciting proxies in support of a proposal other than nominations, to holders of at least the percentage
of outstanding stock required to approve or adopt the proposal;
●
Providing
that in no event can a stockholder include in a stockholder’s notice of proposed nominations a number of proposed nominees
for election as directors that is greater than the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors at the stockholders’
meeting to which that stockholder’s notice relates;
●
Providing
that a stockholder submitting a stockholder’s notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’
meeting, by its delivery to the Company, represents and warrants that all information contained therein, when submitted, is accurate
in all respects and that, if any information contained in a submitted stockholder’s notice is determined to be inaccurate, such stockholder’s notice may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with the advance notice requirements
of the Amended and Restated Bylaws;
●
Providing
that, for a stockholder’s notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’ meeting to comply
with the advance notice requirements of the Amended and Restated Bylaws, all the information required to be included therein must
be expressly set forth in writing directly within the body of the stockholder’s notice, rather than being incorporated by reference
from any other document or writing, including, but not limited to, any correspondence or any documents filed with the SEC, a court,
or another governmental body;
●
Providing
that, for a stockholder’s notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’ meeting to comply
with the advance notice requirements of the Amended and Restated Bylaws, each of such requirements must be directly and expressly
responded to and a stockholder’s notice must clearly indicate and expressly cross-reference which provisions of the Amended
and Restated Bylaws the information disclosed is intended to be responsive to;
●
Providing
that a stockholder submitting a stockholder’s notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’
meeting, by its delivery to the Company, acknowledges that it understands that nothing contained therein shall be considered confidential
or proprietary information and that, except as provided by applicable law, none of the Company, the Board of Directors, or any agents
or representatives thereof shall be restricted, in any manner, from publicly disclosing or using any of the information contained
in a stockholder’s notice; and
●
Requiring
that a stockholder submitting a stockholder’s notice of proposed business and/or nominations with respect to a stockholders’
meeting, at all times prior and subsequent to the submission of such notice, comply with all applicable requirements of state and
federal law, including, without limitation, the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder (including, without limitation,
those relating to the timely and accurate filing with the SEC of Schedules 13D and 14A and all amendments and supplements thereto
and the notice, filing, solicitation, and other requirements contained in Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act), as well
as any interpretative guidance issued by, and/or requests from, the Staff of the SEC, with respect to the matters set forth in the
Amended and Restated Bylaws, including, without limitation, the advance notice requirements thereof and the actions contemplated
hereby.
Special
Meetings of Stockholders
The
Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that, to the extent that the Board of Directors calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose
of electing directors, the advance notice disclosure and other requirements contained in the Amended and Restated Bylaws applicable to
proposing nominees for election to the Board of Directors at annual meetings of stockholders shall also apply to stockholders seeking
to propose director nominations at such a special meeting.
Special
Meetings of Directors
The
Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held whenever called by the Secretary,
at the written request of any three (3) directors, or by the Chairman of the Board, or, in the event that the office of the Chairman
of the Board is vacant, by the Chief Executive Officer, or in the event that the offices of the Chairman of the Board and Chief
Executive Officer are vacant, by the Lead Independent Director.
The
Amended and Restated Bylaws further provide that notice of any special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be sent to each
director either (a) by reputable overnight delivery service to his or her residence or usual place of business in circumstances to
which such service guarantees next day delivery, not later than on the day that is the second business day immediately preceding the
day of such meeting, or (b) by electronic mail or other electronic means, not later than twenty-four (24) hours before the time of
such meeting, or on such shorter notice as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem necessary or appropriate in the
circumstances; provided, however, that notice of any special meeting of the Board of Directors need not, however, be given to
any director, if notice is waived by him or her in writing or if, subject to applicable law, he or she shall be present at the
meeting.
Miscellaneous
The
Amended and Restated Bylaws also incorporate various other “clean-up” changes, including, but not limited to, grammatical
and other typographical corrections, formatting changes, revisions to headings, titles, and captions, and providing capitalized definitions
for certain terms.
Item
9.01. Financial
Statements and Exhibits.
(d)
Exhibits.
Exhibit
Number
Exhibit
Description
3.1
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Motorsport Games Inc., as adopted on July 22, 2026
104
Cover
Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
Motorsport Games Inc.
Date:
July 23, 2026
By:
/s/
Stephen Hood
Stephen Hood
Chief Executive Officer and President
EX-3.1
EX-3.1
Filename: ex3-1.htm · Sequence: 2
Exhibit 3.1
Amended
and Restated Bylaws
of
Motorsport
Games Inc.
(a
Delaware Corporation)
As Adopted on July 22,
2026
*
* * * *
ARTICLE
1
OFFICES
Section 1.01.
Registered Office. The registered office of Motorsport
Games Inc. (the “Corporation”) shall be in the Dover, Kent County, Delaware 19901, State of Delaware.
Section 1.02.
Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices
at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board
of Directors”) may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.
Section 1.03.
Books. The books of the Corporation may be kept within
or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE
2
MEETINGS
OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 2.01.
Time and Place of Meetings. All meetings of stockholders
shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, on such date and at such time as may be determined from
time to time by the Board of Directors (or the Chairman in the absence of a designation by the Board of Directors).
Section 2.02.
Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of the stockholders
of the Corporation shall be held on such date and at such time as designated by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion. The purpose
of this meeting shall be for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the
meeting in accordance with the requirements of the Corporation’s bylaws (these “Bylaws”), the Corporation’s
certificate of incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), the General Corporation Law of the
State of Delaware as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (“Delaware Law”), and other applicable law.
Section 2.03.
Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders may
be called by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President of the Corporation
and may not be called by any other person.
Section 2.04.
Notice of Meetings and Adjourned Meetings; Waivers of Notice.
(a) Whenever
stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice
of the meeting shall be given which shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting,
the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be
deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting,
the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless otherwise provided by Delaware
Law, such notice shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before
the date of the meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. Unless
these Bylaws otherwise require, when a meeting is adjourned to another time or place (whether
or not a quorum is present), notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time,
place, if any, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and
proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, are announced
at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation
may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the
adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or after the adjournment a new record date
is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each
stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
(b) A
written waiver of any such notice signed by the person entitled thereto, or a waiver by electronic
transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein,
shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute
a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends the meeting for the express
purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business
because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Business transacted at any special
meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.
Section 2.05.
Quorum. Unless otherwise
provided under the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws and subject to Delaware Law, the presence, in person or by proxy, of
the holders of a majority of the voting power of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum
for the transaction of business at a stockholders’ meeting. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented
at any meeting of the stockholders, a majority of the voting power of the stockholders present in person or represented by proxy at
the meeting or the individual acting as chairman of the meeting may adjourn the meeting, without notice other than announcement at
the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. The individual acting as chairman of the meeting may also, from time
to time, for any or no reason, adjourn or recess any meeting of stockholders. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall
be present or represented by proxy any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.
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Section 2.06.
Voting.
(a) Except
as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or the rules
of any applicable stock exchange, in all matters other than the election of directors, the
affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares present in person or represented
by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the
stockholders. Except as otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these
Bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the voting power of the shares present
in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of
directors. Where a separate vote by a class or series or classes or series is required, in
all matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative vote of the majority of
the voting power of the shares of such class or series or classes or series present in person
or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be
the act of such class or series or classes or series, except as otherwise provided by law,
the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or the rules of any applicable stock exchange.
(b) Each
stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent
to a corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons
to act for such stockholder by proxy, appointed by an instrument in writing, subscribed by
such stockholder or by his attorney thereunto authorized, or by proxy sent by cable, telegram
or by any means of electronic communication permitted by law, which results in a writing
from such stockholder or by his attorney, and delivered to the secretary of the meeting.
No proxy shall be voted after three (3) years from its date, unless said proxy provides for
a longer period.
(c) Votes
may be cast by any stockholder entitled to vote in person or by his proxy. In determining
the number of votes cast for or against a proposal or nominee, shares abstaining from voting
on a matter (including elections) will not be treated as a vote cast. A non-vote by a broker
will be counted for purposes of determining a quorum but not for purposes of determining
the number of votes cast.
Section 2.07.
No
Action by Consent. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected at a duly
called annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation and may not be effected by any consent in writing by such stockholders.
Section 2.08.
Organization and Conduct of Meetings.
(a) Meetings
of the stockholders shall be presided over, and called to order, by the Chairman of the Board,
or, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, if any, or,
in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, by the President, or, in the absence of the
foregoing persons, by a chairman designated by the Board of Directors, or, in the absence
of such designation by the Board of Directors, by a chairman chosen at the meeting by the
stockholders entitled to cast a majority of the votes which all stockholders present in person
or by proxy are entitled to cast. The secretary of the Corporation (the “Secretary”),
or in the absence of the Secretary an assistant secretary, shall act as secretary of the
meeting, but in the absence of the Secretary and any assistant secretary the chairman of
the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting.
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(b) To
the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, the Board of Directors shall be entitled
to, or in the absence of the Board of Directors doing so, the chairman of the meeting shall
have the right and authority, and shall be entitled to, prescribe such rules, regulations,
and procedures and to do all such acts and things as it, he, or she, as the case may be,
determines, in its, his, or her sole discretion, without any action by the stockholders,
to be necessary, appropriate, desirable, or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting,
including, without limitation, (i) establishing an agenda for the meeting and the order for
the consideration of the items of business on such agenda; (ii) establishing procedures for
the maintenance of order and safety; (iii) limiting attendance at the meeting to stockholders
of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized proxies, and such other persons as the
chairman of the meeting may determine; (iv) limiting participation at the meeting on any
matter to stockholders of record of the Corporation entitled to vote on such matter, their
duly authorized proxies, and other such persons as the chairman of the meeting may determine
to recognize and, as a condition to recognizing any such participant, requiring such participant
to provide the chairman of the meeting with evidence of his or her name and affiliation,
whether he or she is a stockholder or a proxy for a stockholder, and the class and series
and number of shares of each class and series of capital stock of the Corporation which are
owned beneficially and/or of record by such stockholder; (v) limiting the time allotted to
questions or comments on the affairs of the Corporation; (vi) restricting entry to such meeting
after the time prescribed for the commencement thereof; (vii) removing any stockholder or
any other person who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules, or guidelines as established
by the chairman of the meeting; (viii) restricting use of any audio or video recording or
transmitting devices at the meeting: (ix) determining when and for how long the polls should
be opened and when the polls should be closed; (x) announcing the results of voting; and
(xi) taking such other action as is deemed necessary, appropriate, desirable, or convenient
for the proper conduct of the meeting.
(c) The
Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting may appoint one or more inspectors of elections.
The inspector or inspectors may (i) ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting
power of each; (ii) determine the number of shares represented at a meeting and the validity
of proxies or ballots; (iii) count all votes and ballots; (iv) determine any challenges made
to any determination made by the inspector(s); and (v) certify the determination of the number
of shares represented at the meeting and the count of all votes and ballots. No inspector,
whether appointed by the Board of Directors or by the person acting as chairman of the meeting,
need be a stockholder of the Corporation. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board
of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required
to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
4
Section 2.09.
Conduct of Business at a Stockholders Meetings.
(a) Annual
Meetings of Stockholders. At any annual meeting of the stockholders, only such nominations
of individuals for election to the Board of Directors shall be made, and only such other
business shall be conducted or considered, as shall have been properly brought before the
meeting in accordance with these Bylaws, the Certificate of Incorporation, Delaware Law,
and other applicable law.
For
nominations to be properly made at an annual meeting, and proposals of other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting,
nominations and proposals of other business must be: (i) specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto)
given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof); (ii) if not specified in the Corporation’s
notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee
thereof), otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof duly
authorized to bring nominations or other business before the meeting; or (iii) otherwise properly requested to be brought before the
annual meeting by a stockholder of the Corporation who is Present in Person (as defined below) in accordance with these Bylaws. For nominations
of individuals for election to the Board of Directors or proposals of other business to be properly requested by a stockholder to be
brought before an annual meeting, a stockholder must (i) be a stockholder of record of the Corporation as of the record date set by the
Board of Directors for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the annual meeting and at the time
of such meeting (and any postponement or adjournment thereof); (ii) be a stockholder of record at the time of giving of the notice by
the stockholder provided for in this Section 2.09; (iii) be entitled to vote at the meeting (and any postponement or adjournment thereof)
in the election of each individual so nominated and on any such other business proposed by such stockholder; (iv) be Present in Person
at the applicable annual meeting (and any postponement or adjournment thereof); and (v) comply in all applicable respects with the requirements
and procedures set forth in these Bylaws, including, but not limited to, this Section 2.09, and with other requirements of applicable
law. This Section 2.09, together with the requirements of Section 2.10 and, as applicable, Section 2.11, shall be the exclusive means
for a stockholder to bring nominations and/or other business proposals before an annual meeting of stockholders (other than matters properly
brought before the meeting pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (including the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder and the interpretative guidance of the Staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)
relating thereto) (the “Exchange Act”) and included in the Corporation’s notice of meeting). For the purposes
of these Bylaws, (A) “Present in Person” shall mean that the stockholder proposing nominees for election as directors
or other business to be brought before the stockholders’ meeting, or, if the proposing stockholder is not an individual, a qualified
representative of such proposing stockholder, appear in person at such stockholders’ meeting (unless such meeting is held by means
of the Internet or other electronic technology in which case the proposing stockholder or, if applicable, its qualified representative
shall be present at such stockholders’ meeting by means of the Internet or other electronic technology); and (B) “qualified
representative” shall mean (i) if the stockholder is a corporation, any duly authorized officer of such corporation; (ii) if
the stockholder is a limited liability company, any duly authorized member, manager or officer of such limited liability company; (iii)
if the stockholder is a partnership, any general partner or person who functions as general partner for such partnership; (iv) if the
stockholder is a trust, the trustee of such trust; or (v) if the stockholder is an entity other than the foregoing, the persons acting
in such similar capacities as the foregoing with respect to such entity.
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(b) Special
Meetings of Stockholders. At any special meeting of the stockholders, only such business
shall be conducted or considered as shall have been properly brought before the meeting pursuant
to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. To be properly brought before a special meeting,
proposals of business must be (i) specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting
(or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any
duly authorized committee thereof); or (ii) if not specified in the Corporation’s
notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) provided by or at the direction of the Board
of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), otherwise properly brought before
the special meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized
committee thereof).
Nominations
of individuals for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected
pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (ii) provided that the
Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who (A) is a
stockholder of record of the Corporation as of the record date set by the Board of Directors for the purpose of determining stockholders
entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the special meeting, at the time the stockholder’s notice provided for in this Section 2.09
is delivered to the Secretary, and at the time of the special meeting (and any adjournment or postponement thereof); (B) is entitled
to vote at the meeting (and any adjournment or postponement thereof) in the election of each individual so nominated; and (C) complies
with the notice and other procedures and requirements set forth in these Bylaws as well as all applicable law, including, without limitation,
the Exchange Act, in connection with such nomination and all related actions. This Section 2.09(b) shall be the exclusive means for a
stockholder to make nominations or other business proposals (other than matters properly brought under Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange
Act and included in the Corporation’s notice of meeting) before a special meeting of stockholders.
6
(c) General.
Except as otherwise provided by these Bylaws, the Certificate of Incorporation, Delaware
Law, or other applicable law, the chairman of any annual or special meeting shall have the
power to determine, in consultation with counsel (who may be the Corporation’s internal
counsel), whether a nomination or any other business proposed to be brought before the meeting
was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with these Bylaws, including, without
limitation, whether any proposing stockholder breached, or took any action contrary to, any
of the representations, undertakings, or commitments made in the stockholder’s notice
it delivered to the Corporation or any of the documents submitted in connection therewith,
and, if it is determined that any proposed nomination was not made, or other business was
not proposed, in compliance with these Bylaws, to declare that no action shall be taken on
such proposed nomination or other business and such proposed nomination or other business
shall be disregarded notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such proposed nomination
or other business may have been received by the Corporation.
Section 2.10.
Advance Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations.
(a) Annual
Meeting of Stockholders. Without qualification or limitation, subject to Section 2.10(c)(9)
of these Bylaws, for any nominations or any other business to be properly brought before
an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to Section 2.09(a) of these Bylaws, the stockholder
must have given timely and proper notice thereof (including, in the case of nominations,
the completed and signed questionnaire, representation, and agreement required by Section
2.11 of these Bylaws), and timely updates and supplements thereof, in each case in proper
form, in writing to the Secretary, must have complied with the Exchange Act and other
applicable law in connection with such nominations or other business, including, without
limitation, with respect to nominations, Rule 14a-19 promulgated thereunder, and such
other business must otherwise (A) be a proper subject to be proposed and voted upon by stockholders
of the Corporation under these Bylaws, the Certificate of Incorporation, Delaware Law, and
other applicable law, and (B) not relate to a matter that is expressly reserved for action
by the Board under these Bylaws, the Certificate of Incorporation, Delaware Law, or other
applicable law.
To
be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not
earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day and not later than the close of business on the ninetieth
(90th) day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the
date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than sixty (60) days after such anniversary date or, if the Corporation
did not hold an annual meeting in the preceding year, notice by the stockholder must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business
on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later
of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to the date of such annual meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of such annual
meeting is less than one hundred (100) days prior to the date of such annual meeting, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which
public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation (such deadline for the delivery of a stockholder’s
notice being hereinafter referred to as the “Stockholder Notice Deadline”). In no event shall any adjournment, recess,
or postponement of an annual meeting or the public announcement or other disclosure thereof commence a new time period (or extend any
time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.
7
Notwithstanding
anything in the immediately preceding paragraph to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board
of Directors at the next annual meeting is increased by the Board of Directors, and there is no public announcement by the Corporation
of such action specifying the size of the increased Board at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding
year’s annual meeting or, if the Corporation did not hold an annual meeting in the preceding year, a stockholder’s notice
required by this Section 2.10(a) shall also be considered timely with respect to the next annual meeting, but only with respect to nominees
for any new director positions created by such increase that would be filled at the next annual meeting, and only with respect
to a stockholder who, prior to the Stockholder Notice Deadline, submits to the Corporation a timely and proper stockholder’s notice
proposing nominees for election to the Board of Directors at such annual meeting in compliance with this Section 2.10(a) in all applicable
respects, if such notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close
of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.
In
addition, to be considered timely, a stockholder’s notice shall further be updated and supplemented, if necessary, so that the
information provided or required to be provided in such notice shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as
of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement
shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than five (5) business days after
the record date for the meeting in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date, and not later than
eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof in the case of the update and supplement
required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. The update and supplement
shall clearly identify the information that has changed since such stockholder’s prior advance notice submission. If a stockholder
fails to provide such written update to the stockholder’s notice within such period, such notice may be deemed not to have been
provided in accordance with this Section 2.10. For the avoidance of doubt, the obligation to update and supplement as set forth in this
paragraph or any other Section of these Bylaws shall not limit or prejudice the Corporation’s rights with respect to asserting
any deficiencies in any notice provided by a stockholder, extend any applicable deadlines hereunder or under any other provision of these
Bylaws or enable or be deemed to permit a stockholder who has previously submitted notice hereunder or under any other provision of these
Bylaws to amend or update any proposal or to submit any new proposal, including by changing or adding nominees, matters, business and
or resolutions proposed to be brought before a meeting of the stockholders.
8
Further,
upon written request by the Secretary or the Board of Directors, any stockholder who submits a stockholder notice with respect to a stockholders’
meeting shall provide, within five (5) business days of delivery of such request (or such other period as may be specified in such request),
(A) written verification, satisfactory, in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors or the Secretary, as applicable, to demonstrate
the accuracy of any information submitted by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 2.10, and (B) a written update of any information
(including, if requested by the Secretary or the Board of Directors, written confirmation by such stockholder that it continues to intend
to bring such nomination(s) or other business proposal before the meeting) submitted by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 2.10
as of an earlier date. If a stockholder fails to provide such written verification or written update within such period, the information
as to which written verification or a written update was requested and, accordingly, the stockholder notice, may be deemed not to have
been provided in accordance with this Section 2.10.
(b) Special
Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting
of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s
notice of meeting, subject to the provisions of Section 2.09(b) of these Bylaws.
Subject
to Section 2.10(c)(9) of these Bylaws, in the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing
one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any stockholder may nominate an individual or individuals (as the case may be) for election
to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, provided that the stockholder gives timely and proper
notice thereof (including the information required by Section 2.10(c)(1) of these Bylaws and the completed and signed questionnaire,
representation, and agreement required by Section 2.11 of these Bylaws), and timely updates and supplements thereof in each case in proper
form, in writing, to the Secretary. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be delivered
to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth
(120th) day prior to the date of such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day
prior to the date of such special meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of such special meeting is less than one hundred
(100) days prior to the date of such special meeting, the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement is first made
of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. In no event
shall any adjournment, recess, or postponement of a special meeting of stockholders, or the public announcement or other disclosure thereof
commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. In addition,
to be considered timely and proper, a stockholder’s notice pursuant to the first sentence of this paragraph shall further be updated
and supplemented, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice shall be true and correct
as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement
thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not
later than five (5) business days after the record date for the meeting in the case of the update and supplement required to be made
as of the record date, and not later than eight (8) business days prior to the date for the meeting, any adjournment or postponement
thereof in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment
or postponement thereof.
9
(c) Disclosure
Requirements.
(1) To
be in proper form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must include the following,
as applicable:
(A) As
to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the
nomination or proposal, as applicable, is made, a stockholder’s notice must set forth:
(i) the
name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and
of such beneficial owner;
(ii) the
class or series and number of shares of stock which are owned beneficially and/or of record
by such stockholder and/or beneficial owner, the date on which such shares were acquired
and the investment intent at the time of such acquisition, and any shares of any class or
series of stock of the Corporation as to which such stockholder and such beneficial owner
has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future;
(iii) a
description of any agreement, arrangement, or understanding (whether written or oral, formal
or informal, or monetary or non-monetary) with respect to the nomination or proposal between
or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner, any of their respective Affiliates
or Associates, and any other persons, including, in the case of a nomination, the proposed
nominee;
(iv) a
description of any agreement, arrangement, or understanding (whether written or oral, formal
or informal, or monetary or non-monetary), including any derivative or short positions, profit
interests, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights,
hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares, that has been entered into by, or on
behalf of, such stockholder or such beneficial owner and any of their Affiliates or Associates,
whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in underlying shares
of stock, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of
share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or
such beneficial owner or any of their Affiliates or Associates, with respect to securities
of the Corporation;
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(v) a
reasonably detailed description of any material pending or threatened legal proceeding in
which such stockholder or such beneficial owner is, or is reasonably expected to be made,
a party or material participant involving the Corporation or any of its officers or directors;
(vi) a
reasonably detailed description of any material relationship between such stockholder or
such beneficial owner, on the one hand, and the Corporation or any Affiliate or Associate
of the Corporation, on the other hand;
(vii) a
reasonably detailed description of any plans or proposals of such stockholder or such beneficial
owner relating to the Corporation that would be required to be disclosed by such stockholder
or beneficial owner pursuant to Item 4 of Schedule 13D if a Schedule 13D relating to the
Corporation was filed with the SEC by such stockholder or such beneficial owner pursuant
to the Exchange Act (regardless of whether the requirement to file a Schedule 13D with the
SEC is applicable to such stockholder or beneficial owner) together with a description of
any agreements, arrangements, or understandings (whether written or oral, formal or informal,
or monetary or non-monetary) that relate to such plans or proposals and naming all the parties
to any such agreements, arrangements, or understandings;
(viii) a
representation that such stockholder is a holder of record of stock entitled to vote at such
meeting and intends to be Present in Person at the meeting to nominate the person or persons
specified in the notice and/or to bring such other business included in its notice before
the meeting, as applicable, and an acknowledgment that, if such stockholder is not Present
in Person at such meeting to nominate the proposed nominee(s) or to bring such business included
in its notice, as applicable, before such meeting, the Corporation need not present such
business or proposed nominee(s) for a vote at such meeting, notwithstanding that proxies
in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation;
(ix) for
a stockholder intending to solicit proxies in support of director nominees (other than the
Corporation’s nominees), a representation as to whether the stockholder or the beneficial
owner, if any, intends or is part of a group which intends to solicit proxies in support
of its nominees in accordance with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act, including
delivering a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders representing at least sixty-seven
percent (67%) of the Corporation’s voting shares entitled to vote on the election of
directors in support of such nominee or nominees and to otherwise comply with all applicable
provisions of Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act (including the Staff of the
SEC’s interpretative guidance relating thereto), or, in the case of a stockholder soliciting
proxies in support of a proposal other than nominations, to holders of at least the percentage
of outstanding stock required to approve or adopt the proposal; and
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(x) any
other information relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, required to
be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings, required to be made pursuant to and in
accordance with Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder, in connection with solicitations of proxies for, as applicable, the proposal
and/or for the election of directors in an election contest in which such stockholder or
such beneficial owner is a participant.
(B) If
the notice relates to any business other than a nomination of a director or directors that
the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a stockholder’s notice must,
in addition to the matters set forth in paragraph (A) above, also set forth:
(i) a
description of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting;
(ii) the
reasons for conducting such business at the meeting;
(iii) a
description of any material interest of such stockholder, the beneficial owner, if any, on
whose behalf the proposal is made, or any of their Affiliates or Associates in such proposed
business, including a description of any anticipated benefit therefrom to such stockholder,
beneficial owner, or their Affiliates or Associates;
(iv) a
description of all agreements, arrangements, and understandings (whether written or oral,
formal or informal, or monetary or non-monetary) between or among such stockholder, the beneficial
owner, if any, on whose behalf the business is being proposed, any of their Affiliates or
Associates, and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the
proposal of such business;
(v) the
text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration
and, in the event that such proposal or business includes a proposal to amend these Bylaws,
the Certificate of Incorporation, or any policy of the Corporation (whether binding or precatory),
the text of the proposed amendment); and
(vi) any
other information relating to such proposed business that would be required to be disclosed
in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with the solicitation
of proxies in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant
to Section 14 of the Exchange Act.
12
(C) As
to each individual, if any, whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection
to the Board of Directors, a stockholder’s notice must, in addition to the matters
set forth in paragraph (A) above, also set forth:
(i) the
name, age, email address, business address, and residence address of such individual;
(ii) the
principal occupation or employment of such individual;
(iii) the
information required by Section 2.10(c)(1)(A)(i) through Section 2.10(c)(1)(A)(vii) (replacing
references to “such stockholder” with “such individual”);
(iv) a
description in reasonable detail of any and all direct and indirect compensation, reimbursement,
indemnification, benefits, and other agreements, arrangements, and understandings (whether
written or oral, formal or informal, or monetary or non-monetary) and any other material
relationships (i) between or among such individual and the stockholder submitting the stockholder’s
notice or any Affiliate or Associate thereof, including all information that would be required
to be disclosed pursuant to Items 403 and 404 of Regulation S-K (or any successor provision)
as promulgated by the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act if the stockholder submitting the
stockholder’s notice or any Affiliate or Associate thereof was the “registrant”
for purposes of such Items and such individual was a trustee, director, or executive officer
of such registrant, and (ii) between or among such individual and any other person or entity
(naming such person or entity) in connection with such individual’s proposed nomination
to the Board of Directors, and, if elected, such individual’s service as a member of
the Board of Directors;
(v) to
the extent that such individual has been previously convicted (regardless of whether the
conviction was subsequently overturned or expunged) in any state or federal court of any
criminal offense involving a felony, fraud, dishonesty, or a breach of trust or duty, a description
in reasonable detail of such offense and all legal proceedings relating thereto;
(vi) a
description in reasonable detail of any and all litigation, whether or not judicially resolved,
settled, or dismissed, relating to such individual’s past or current service on the
board of directors, board of trustees, or similar governing body of any corporation, limited
liability company, partnership, trust, or any other entity;
(vii) a
description in reasonable detail of any agreements, arrangements, or understandings (whether
written or oral, formal or informal, or monetary or non-monetary) between such individual
and any person as to how such individual, if elected as a director of the Corporation, would
act or vote on any issue or question that may come before the Board of Directors;
13
(viii) a
description in reasonable detail of any agreements, arrangements, or understandings (whether
written or oral, formal, or informal, or monetary or non-monetary) between such individual
and any person that could limit or interfere with such individual’s ability to comply,
if elected as a director, with his or her fiduciary duties under applicable law;
(ix) a
description in reasonable detail of any business or personal interests that could place such
individual, if elected as a director of the Corporation, in a potential conflict of interest
with the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries;
(x) the
amount of any equity securities beneficially owned by such individual in any person or entity
that competes with the Corporation;
(xi) all
information relating to such individual that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy
statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies
for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange
Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (including such individual’s
written consent to being named in any proxy statement and other proxy materials as a nominee
and to serving as a director if elected); and
(xii) such
other information regarding such individual as may reasonably be requested by the Secretary
or the Board of Directors in writing prior to the meeting of stockholders at which the nomination
of such individual is intended to be made in order for the Board of Directors to assess the
qualifications, suitability, and eligibility of such individual to serve as a director, or
that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence,
or lack thereof, of such individual under the listing standards of each securities exchange
upon which the Corporation’s securities are listed, any applicable rules of the SEC,
any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in selecting nominees for
election as a director and for determining and disclosing the independence of directors,
including those applicable to a director’s service on any of the committees of the
Board, or the requirements of any other laws or regulations applicable to the Corporation
(such information, if requested by the Secretary or the Board of Directors, must be provided
within five (5) business days after it has been requested).
(D) With
respect to each individual, if any, whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election
or reelection to the Board of Directors, a stockholder’s notice must, in addition to
the matters set forth in paragraphs (A) and (C) above of this Section 2.10(c)(1), also include
a completed and signed questionnaire, representation, and agreement required by Section 2.11
of these Bylaws. In addition, the Board of Directors may require any individual proposed
as a nominee to the Board of Directors to submit to interviews with the Board of Directors
or any committee thereof, and such proposed nominee shall make himself or herself
available for any such interviews within five (5) business days following any request therefor
from the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, and such proposed nominee shall be
completely candid and truthful in responding to any questions posed during such interviews.
(2) In
no event can a stockholder include in a stockholder’s notice a number of proposed nominees
for election as directors that is greater than the number of directors to be elected to the
Board of Directors at the stockholders’ meeting to which that stockholder’s notice
relates.
14
(3) A
stockholder submitting a stockholder’s notice, by its delivery to the Corporation,
represents and warrants that all information contained therein, when submitted, is accurate
in all respects. If any information contained in a stockholder’s notice submitted pursuant
to this Section 2.10 is determined to be inaccurate, such stockholder’s
notice may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 2.10. Any
stockholder who submits a stockholder’s notice shall notify the Secretary in writing
at the principal executive offices of the Corporation of any inaccuracy or change in any
information submitted pursuant to this Section 2.10 (including if such stockholder no longer
intends to solicit proxies, in support of the election of the proposed nominee(s), from stockholders
representing the percentage of the voting power of the Corporation’s common stock entitled
to vote on the election of directors that is required by Rule 14a-19(a)(3) of the Exchange
Act) within two (2) business days after becoming aware of such inaccuracy or change, and
any such notification shall clearly identify the inaccuracy or change, it being understood
that no such notification may cure any deficiencies or inaccuracies with respect to any prior
submission by such stockholder.
(4) For
a stockholder’s notice to comply with the requirements of this Section 2.10, all the
information required to be included therein by this Section 2.10 must be expressly set forth
in writing directly within the body of the stockholder’s notice, rather than being
incorporated by reference from any other document or writing, including, but not limited
to, any correspondence or any documents filed with the SEC, a court, or another governmental
body. Any attempt to incorporate by reference information from other documents into the stockholder’s
notice shall be disregarded and shall have the effect of causing the information attempted
to be incorporated to not be disclosed for purposes of this Section 2.10.
(5) For
a stockholder’s notice to comply with the requirements of this Section 2.10, each of
the requirements of this Section 2.10 shall be directly and expressly responded to and a
stockholder’s notice must clearly indicate and expressly cross-reference which provisions
of this Section 2.10 the information disclosed is intended to be responsive to. Any global
cross-references shall be disregarded, and information disclosed in a stockholder’s
notice in response to any provision of this Section 2.10 shall not be deemed responsive to
any other provision hereof unless it is expressly cross-referenced to such other provision
and it is unambiguously apparent how such information is responsive to such other provision.
(6) A
stockholder submitting a stockholder’s notice pursuant to this Section 2.10, by its
delivery to the Corporation, acknowledges that it understands that nothing contained therein
shall be considered confidential or proprietary information and that, except as provided
by applicable law, none of the Corporation, the Board of Directors, or any agents or representatives
thereof shall be restricted, in any manner, from publicly disclosing or using any of the
information contained in a stockholder’s notice.
15
(7) Subject
to Rules 14a-8 and 14a-19 under the Exchange Act, nothing in this Section 2.10 or elsewhere
in these Bylaws shall be deemed to give any stockholder the right to have any nominations
of persons for election to the Board of Directors or other proposed business included or
described in any proxy statement prepared by the Corporation. Notwithstanding any notice
of the meeting, proxy statement, or supplement thereto disseminated to stockholders on behalf
of the Corporation, a stockholder must separately comply with the requirements of this Section
2.10 to propose any nominations or other business at any stockholders’ meeting, including
delivering its own separate and timely stockholder’s notice to the Secretary that complies
in all respects with the requirements of this Section 2.10.
(8) For
purposes of these Bylaws, the terms “Affiliate” and “Associate”
(and any plural forms thereof) shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2
promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act. For purposes of these Bylaws, the terms “beneficial
owner” and “beneficial ownership” shall have the meanings set
forth in Rule 13d-3 promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act, except that a person will
also be deemed to be the beneficial owner of (i) all shares of the Corporation’s authorized
share capital which such person has (A) the right to acquire (whether such right is exercisable
immediately or only after the passage of time) pursuant to the exercise of any rights in
connection with any securities or any agreement, arrangement, or understanding (whether or
not in writing), regardless of when such rights may be exercised and whether they are conditional;
and (B) economic exposure to through any option, warrant, convertible security, swap, hedging,
or derivative instrument or agreement of any nature; and (ii) all shares of the Corporation’s
authorized share capital which such person or any of such person’s Affiliates has or
shares the right to vote or dispose. For purposes of these Bylaws, “public announcement”
or its corollary “publicly announced” shall mean disclosure (i) in a press release
issued by the Corporation reported by a widely circulated news or wire service, (ii) in a
document publicly filed by the Corporation with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act and
the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, (iii) by the Corporation pursuant to another
method reasonably intended by the Corporation to achieve broad-based dissemination of the
information contained therein.
(9) Nothing
in this Section 2.10 shall be deemed to affect (i) the rights of stockholders to request
inclusion of proposals in, nor the right of the Corporation to omit proposals from, the Corporation’s
proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act and the SEC Staff’s interpretations,
guidance, and no-action letter determinations relating thereto, or (ii) the rights of the
holders of any series of preferred stock if and to the extent provided for under applicable
law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws.
16
(10) Notwithstanding
anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, a stockholder submitting a stockholder’s
notice pursuant to this Section 2.10 shall, at all times prior and subsequent to the submission
of such notice, comply with all applicable requirements of state and federal law, including,
without limitation, the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder (including,
without limitation, those relating to the timely and accurate filing with the SEC of Schedules
13D and 14A and all amendments and supplements thereto and the notice, filing, solicitation,
and other requirements contained in Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act), as well
as any interpretative guidance issued by, and/or requests from, the Staff of the SEC, with
respect to the matters set forth in these Bylaws, including, without limitation, this Section
2.10, and the actions contemplated hereby; provided, however, that any references in these
Bylaws to the Exchange Act or the rules promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall
not limit the separate and additional requirements set forth in these Bylaws with respect
to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered. Unless otherwise required
by applicable law, if any stockholder (i) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(a)(1) promulgated
under the Exchange Act and (ii) subsequently fails to comply with any of the requirements
of Rule 14a-19(a)(2) and Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act, then the Corporation
shall disregard any proxies or votes solicited for such proposed nominees and such nomination
shall be disregarded (but in the case of any form of proxy naming other nominees, including
those named pursuant to Rule 14a-19(e)(1) promulgated under the Exchange Act, only the votes
cast for the disregarded nominees). If any stockholder provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(a)(1)
promulgated under the Exchange Act, such stockholder shall deliver to the Secretary, no later
than five (5) business days prior to the applicable meeting date or any adjournment or postponement
thereof reasonable evidence that the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) of the Exchange Act
have been satisfied.
Section 2.11.
Submission of Questionnaire,
Representation, and Agreement. To be eligible to be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of the Corporation, a person
nominated by a stockholder for election or reelection to the Board of Directors must deliver (in accordance with the time periods prescribed
for delivery of a stockholder’s notice under Section 2.10 of these Bylaws) to the Secretary at the principal executive offices
of the Corporation a written questionnaire with respect to the background, qualifications, stock ownership, and independence of such
proposed nominee and a written representation and agreement that such individual (a) is not and will not become a party to (i) any
agreement, arrangement, or understanding (whether written or oral, formal or informal, or monetary or non-monetary) with, and has not
given any commitment or assurance (whether written or oral, formal or informal, or monetary or non-monetary) to, any person or entity
as to how such person, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”)
that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, or (ii) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such individual’s
ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such individual’s fiduciary duties under applicable law;
(b) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement, or understanding (whether written or oral, formal or informal,
or monetary or non-monetary) with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation,
reimbursement, or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed in writing to the
Company; (c) if elected as a director of the Corporation, will comply, with all applicable corporate governance, code of conduct
and ethics, conflict of interest, confidentiality, stock ownership, and trading policies, and any other of the Corporation’s
policies or guidelines applicable to directors and in effect during such person’s term in office as a director; (d) if elected
as a director of the Corporation, will comply with all applicable rules of the SEC, all applicable rules of any securities exchanges
upon which the Corporation’s securities are listed, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, and all applicable fiduciary
duties under state law; (e) is not now subject to any governmental law, regulation, order, decree, or sanction that could prohibit
or limit such director nominee’s service on the Board of Directors or any committee thereof; and (f) if elected as a director
of the Corporation, intends to serve the entire term of such directorship. In the case of the questionnaire and the written representation
and agreement, the proposing stockholder shall request the forms of both documents in writing from the Secretary prior to submitting
the stockholder’s notice and the Secretary shall provide such forms to such stockholder within five (5) business days after receiving
such written request.
17
Section 2.12.
Postponement and Cancellation of Meetings. Any previously
scheduled annual or special meeting of the stockholders may be postponed, and any previously scheduled annual or special meeting of the
stockholders called by the Board of Directors may be canceled, by resolution of the Board of Directors upon public notice given prior
to the time previously scheduled for such meeting of stockholders.
ARTICLE
3
DIRECTORS
Section 3.01.
General Powers. Except as otherwise provided in Delaware
Law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the
Board of Directors.
Section 3.02.
Number, Election and Term of Office. The Board of Directors
shall consist of five directors. The exact number of directors may from time to time be changed solely by resolution adopted by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors. The Board shall be divided into two classes, designated Class I and Class II. Class
I shall consist of two members and Class II shall consist of three members. Each director shall serve for a term ending on the date of
the second annual meeting of stockholders following the annual meeting of stockholders at which such director was elected; provided,
that each director initially appointed to Class I shall serve for an initial term expiring at the corporation’s first annual meeting
of stockholders following the effectiveness of this provision; and each director initially appointed to Class II shall serve for an initial
term expiring at the corporation’s second annual meeting of stockholders following the effectiveness of this provision. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, each director shall hold office until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected and qualified or until
such director’s earlier death, resignation or removal. Directors need not be stockholders.
18
Section 3.03.
Quorum and Manner of Acting. Unless the Certificate
of Incorporation or these Bylaws require a greater number, a majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum for
the transaction of business, and the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present
shall be the act of the Board of Directors. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place (whether or not a quorum is present),
notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment
is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original
meeting. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors the directors present thereat shall adjourn the meeting,
from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
Section 3.04.
Time and Place of Meetings. The Board of Directors shall
hold its meetings at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, and at such time as may be determined from time to time
by the Board of Directors (or the Chairman in the absence of a determination by the Board of Directors).
Section 3.05.
Annual Meeting. The Board of Directors shall meet for
the purpose of organization, the election of officers and the transaction of other business, as soon as practicable after each annual
meeting of stockholders, on the same day and at the same place where such annual meeting shall be held. Notice of such meeting need not
be given. In the event such annual meeting is not so held, the annual meeting of the Board of Directors may be held at such place either
within or without the State of Delaware, on such date and at such time as shall be specified in a notice thereof given as hereinafter
provided in Section 3.07 herein or in a waiver of notice thereof signed by any director who chooses to waive the requirement of notice.
Section 3.06.
Regular Meetings. After the place and time of regular
meetings of the Board of Directors shall have been determined and notice thereof shall have been once given to each member of the Board
of Directors, regular meetings may be held without further notice being given.
Section 3.07.
Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors
shall be held whenever called by the Secretary, at the written request of any three directors, or by the Chairman of the Board, or, in
the event that the office of the Chairman of the Board is vacant, by the Chief Executive Officer, or in the event that the offices of
the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer are vacant, by the Lead Independent Director. Notice of any meeting shall be sent
to each director either (a) by reputable overnight delivery service to his or her residence or usual place of business in circumstances
to which such service guarantees next day delivery, not later than on the day that is the second business day immediately preceding the
day of such meeting, or (b) by electronic mail or other electronic means, not later than twenty-four (24) hours before the time of such
meeting, or on such shorter notice as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem necessary or appropriate in the circumstances.
If sent by overnight delivery service, such notice shall be deemed to be given when delivered to such service; if sent by electronic
mail or other electronic transmission, such notice shall be deemed to be given when transmitted. Notice of any meeting of the Board of
Directors need not, however, be given to any director, if notice is waived by him or her in writing or if, subject to applicable law,
he or she shall be present at the meeting. Any meeting of the Board of Directors shall be a legal meeting without any notice thereof
having been given if all of the directors shall be present thereat, except when a director attends a meeting for the express purpose
of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
19
Section 3.08.
Committees. The Board of Directors may designate one
or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board may designate one or more
directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In
the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting,
whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at
the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the
Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business
and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no
such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to the following matter: (a) approving or adopting, or recommending to
the stockholders, any action or matter expressly required by Delaware Law to be submitted to the stockholders for approval or (b) adopting,
amending or repealing any bylaw of the Corporation. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to
the Board of Directors when required.
Section 3.09.
Action by Consent. Unless otherwise restricted by the
Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or
of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto
in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions, are filed with the
minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and
shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.
Section 3.10.
Telephonic Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by
the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors,
may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or such committee, as the case may be, by means of conference telephone or other
communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a
meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
20
Section 3.11.
Resignation. Any director may resign at any time by
giving notice in writing or by electronic transmission to the Board of Directors or to the Secretary. The resignation of any director
shall take effect upon receipt of notice thereof or at such later time as shall be specified in such notice; and unless otherwise specified
therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.
Section 3.12.
Vacancies. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate
of Incorporation, vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, removal or otherwise and newly created directorships
resulting from any increase in the number of directors may be filled solely by a majority of the directors then in office (although less
than a quorum) or by the sole remaining director. Each director so elected shall hold office for a term that shall coincide with the
term of the Class to which such director shall have been elected. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors
may be held in accordance with Delaware Law. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, when one or more directors
shall resign from the Board, effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned,
shall have the power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become
effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as provided in the filling of the other vacancies.
Section 3.14.
Compensation. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate
of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors shall have authority to fix the compensation of directors, including fees and
reimbursement of expenses.
Section 3.15.
Preferred Stock Directors. Notwithstanding anything
else contained herein, whenever the holders of one or more classes or series of Preferred Stock shall have the right, voting separately
as a class or series, to elect directors, the election, term of office, filing of vacancies, removal and other features of such directorships
shall be governed by the terms of the resolutions applicable thereto adopted by the Board of Directors pursuant to the Certificate of
Incorporation, and such directors so elected shall not be subject to the provisions of Sections 3.02, 3.12 and 3.13 of this Article 3
unless otherwise provided therein.
ARTICLE
4
OFFICERS
Section 4.01.
Principal Officers. The principal officers of the Corporation
shall be a Chief Executive Officer, President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Treasurer and a Secretary who shall have the duty, among
other things, to record the proceedings of the meetings of stockholders and directors in a book kept for that purpose. The Corporation
may also have such other principal officers, including one or more Controllers, as the Board may in its discretion appoint. One person
may hold the offices and perform the duties of any two or more of said offices, except that no one person shall hold the offices and
perform the duties of (i) President and Secretary and/or (ii) Chief Executive Officer and Secretary.
21
Section 4.02.
Election, Term of Office and Remuneration. The principal
officers of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at the annual meeting thereof. Each such officer shall
hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. The remuneration
of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors. Any vacancy in any office shall be filled in such manner
as the Board of Directors shall determine.
Section 4.03.
Subordinate Officers. In addition to the principal officers
enumerated in Section 4.01 herein, the Corporation may have one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Treasurers, Assistant Secretaries
and Assistant Controllers and such other subordinate officers, agents and employees as the Board of Directors may deem necessary, each
of whom shall hold office for such period as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. The Board of Directors may delegate
to any principal officer the power to appoint and to remove any such subordinate officers, agents or employees.
Section 4.04.
Removal. Except as otherwise permitted with respect
to subordinate officers, any officer may be removed, with or without cause, at any time, by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.05.
Resignations. Any officer may resign at any time by
giving written notice to the Board of Directors (or to a principal officer if the Board of Directors has delegated to such principal
officer the power to appoint and to remove such officer). The resignation of any officer shall take effect upon receipt of notice thereof
or at such later time as shall be specified in such notice; and unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation
shall not be necessary to make it effective.
Section 4.06.
Powers and Duties. The officers of the Corporation shall
have such powers and perform such duties incident to each of their respective offices and such other duties as may from time to time
be conferred upon or assigned to them by the Board of Directors.
22
ARTICLE
5
CAPITAL
STOCK
Section 5.01.
Certificates for Stock; Uncertificated Shares. The shares
of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors of the Corporation may provide by resolution
or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall
not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation. Except as otherwise provided
by law, the rights and obligations of the holders of uncertificated shares and the rights and obligations of the holders of shares represented
by certificates of the same class and series shall be identical. Every holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled
to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the
Chief Executive Officer, President or Vice President, and by the Treasurer or an assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an assistant
secretary of the Corporation representing the number of shares registered in certificate form. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate
may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon
a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by
the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. The Corporation
shall not have power to issue a certificate in bearer form.
Section 5.02.
Transfer of Shares. Shares of the stock of the Corporation
may be transferred on the record of stockholders of the Corporation by the holder thereof or by such holder’s duly authorized attorney
upon surrender of a certificate therefor properly endorsed or upon receipt of proper transfer instructions from the registered holder
of uncertificated shares or by such holder’s duly authorized attorney and upon compliance with appropriate procedures for transferring
shares in uncertificated form, unless waived by the Corporation.
Section 5.03.
Authority for Additional Rules Regarding Transfer. The
Board of Directors shall have the power and authority to make all such rules and regulations as they may deem expedient concerning the
issue, transfer and registration of certificated or uncertificated shares of the stock of the Corporation, as well as for the issuance
of new certificates in lieu of those which may be lost or destroyed, and may require of any stockholder requesting replacement of lost
or destroyed certificates, bond in such amount and in such form as they may deem expedient to indemnify the Corporation, and/or the transfer
agents, and/or the registrars of its stock against any claims arising in connection therewith.
ARTICLE
6
GENERAL
PROVISIONS
Section 6.01.
Fixing the Record Date.
(a) In
order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote
at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix
a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing
the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be
more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is
fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to
notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the
day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close
of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination
of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall
apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided that the Board of Directors may
fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
23
(b) In
order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate
action in writing without a meeting, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which
record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is
adopted by the Board of Directors, and which date shall not be more than 10 days after the
date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors.
If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining
stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no
prior action by the Board of Directors is required by Delaware Law, shall be the first date
on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken
is delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware, its principal
place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in
which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the Corporation’s
registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.
If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by the Board
of Directors is required by Delaware Law, the record date for determining stockholders entitled
to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business
on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.
(c) In
order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of
any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled
to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for
the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which
record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is
adopted, and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such action. If no
record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall
be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution
relating thereto.
Section 6.02.
Dividends. Subject to limitations contained in Delaware
Law and the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of capital stock of the
Corporation, which dividends may be paid either in cash, in property or in shares of the capital stock of the Corporation.
Section 6.03.
Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall commence
on January 1 and end on December 31 of each year. The fiscal year of the corporation may be changed by the board of directors.
24
Section 6.04.
Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed
thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware”. The seal may
be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed, affixed or otherwise reproduced.
Section 6.05.
Voting of Stock Owned by the Corporation. The Board
of Directors may authorize any person, on behalf of the Corporation, to attend, vote at and grant proxies to be used at any meeting of
stockholders of any corporation (except this Corporation) in which the Corporation may hold stock.
Section 6.06.
Exclusive Forum. To the fullest extent permitted by
law, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding
brought on behalf of the corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director or officer
of the corporation to the corporation or the corporation’s stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the corporation
arising pursuant to any provision of Delaware Law or the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, or (iv) any action asserting a claim
against the corporation governed by the internal affairs doctrine, in each such case subject to said Court of Chancery of the State of
Delaware having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as defendants therein; provided that, if and only if the Chancery
Court dismisses any such action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, such action may be brought in another state or federal court
sitting in the State of Delaware. The federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution
of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
provisions of this Section 6.06 shall not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, or any other claim for which the federal courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction.
Section 6.07.
Amendments. The Board of Directors is expressly empowered
to alter, amend or repeal these Bylaws or adopt new bylaws. Any alteration, amendment or repeal of these Bylaws by the Board of Directors
or adoption of new bylaws by the Board of Directors shall require the approval of a majority of the authorized number of directors. The
stockholders shall also have power to alter, amend or repeal these Bylaws or adopt new bylaws; provided, however, that, in addition to
any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the Corporation required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, such
action by stockholders shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of greater than fifty percent (50%) of the voting power of all
of the then-outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election or directors, voting
together as a single class.
25
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