Form 8-K

8-K — HARVARD BIOSCIENCE INC

Accession: 0001171843-26-005405

Filed: 2026-08-11

Period: 2026-08-11

CIK: 0001123494

SIC: 3826 (LABORATORY ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS)

Item: Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Item: Financial Statements and Exhibits

Documents

8-K — f8k_081126.htm (Primary)

EX-99.1 — EXHIBIT 99.1 (exh_991.htm)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_________________

FORM 8-K

_________________

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): August 11, 2026

_______________________________

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

______________________________

Delaware

001-33957

04-3306140

(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)

(Commission File Number)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

84 October Hill Road

Holliston, MA 01746

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(508) 893-8999

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

____________________________

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously

satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value

HBIO

The NASDAQ Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined

in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2

of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected

not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section

13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Item 2.02. Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On August 11, 2026, Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (the “Company”)

issued a press release announcing financial results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and the details of a related conference

call to be held at 8:00 AM ET on August 11, 2026. The press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated herein by reference.

The information in Item 2.02 of this Current Report on Form 8-K and Exhibit 99.1 attached

hereto shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange

Act”) or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under

the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits.

Exhibit Number

Description

99.1

Press Release issued by Harvard Bioscience, Inc. on August 11, 2026

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the XBRL document)

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly

caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.

Date: August 11, 2026

By:

/s/ Mark Frost

Mark Frost

Chief Financial Officer

EX-99.1 — EXHIBIT 99.1

EX-99.1

Filename: exh_991.htm · Sequence: 2

Exhibit 99.1

Harvard Bioscience Announces Second Quarter 2026 Financial Results

· Second Quarter 2026 Revenue Growth of 11% Year Over Year to $22.7 Million

· Raises Full Year 2026 Revenue Guidance to 3%-5% Year Over Year Growth

HOLLISTON, Mass., August 11, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Harvard Bioscience,

Inc. (Nasdaq: HBIO) (the “Company” or “Harvard Bioscience”) today announced financial results for the second quarter

ended June 30, 2026.

"We delivered a strong quarter anchored by 11% top-line growth, reflective

of stronger demand and an improved environment across our key customer channels,” said John Duke, President and Chief Executive

Officer. “We are seeing solid commercial traction across our telemetry and cellular and molecular technology (CMT) products, driven

by our AAA and electroporation businesses, and strong engagement from researchers utilizing our preclinical platform. Outperformance in

our CMT products and China drove a slight mix impact on adjusted gross margin. This strong sales momentum positions us to raise our full-year

revenue outlook while maintaining our adjusted EBITDA target, supported by ongoing cost discipline and operational progress.”

Second Quarter 2026 Results

For the second quarter of 2026, the Company reported revenues of $22.7

million compared to $20.5 million in the second quarter of 2025. Revenue for the second quarter of 2026 included a favorable impact from

foreign currency exchange rates of approximately 1%, using a constant currency basis. Gross profit for the second quarter of 2026 was

$12.6 million compared to $11.5 million in the second quarter of 2025. Gross margin for the second quarter of 2026 was 55.6%, compared

to 56.4% in the second quarter of 2025.

Adjusted gross profit and adjusted gross margin for the second

quarter of 2026 was $12.9 million and 56.7%, respectively, compared with $11.7 million and 57.2% in the same period of the prior year.

Net loss for the second quarter of 2026 was ($2.9) million, compared to

a net loss of ($2.3) million in the second quarter of 2025. Adjusted EBITDA for the second quarter of 2026 was $1.7 million compared to

$1.5 million in the second quarter of the prior year.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 Results

For the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company reported

revenues of $43.5 million, compared to $42.2 million in the same period of the prior year. Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2026,

included a favorable impact from foreign currency exchange rates of approximately 2%, using a constant currency basis. Gross profit was

$24.9 million for the first six months of 2026 compared to $23.7 million in the same period of the prior year. Gross margin for the six

months ended June 30, 2026, was 57.2% compared with 56.2% in the same period of the prior year.

Adjusted gross profit and adjusted gross margin for the six

months ended June 30, 2026, was $25.3 million and 58.3%, respectively, compared with $24.1 million and 57.0% in the same period of the

prior year.

Net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2026, was ($6.3)

million compared to a net loss of ($52.6) million in the same period of the prior year, primarily due to goodwill impairment in the first

quarter of 2025 of $48.0 million. Adjusted EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2026, was $2.4 million, compared to adjusted EBITDA

of $2.3 million for the same period of the prior year. Cash (used in) provided by operations was ($0.3) million during the six months

ended June 30, 2026 compared to $5.7 million in the same period of the prior year.

This press release includes certain financial information presented

on an adjusted, or non-GAAP, basis. For additional information on the non-GAAP financial measures included in this press release, see

“Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information” and “Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.

Third Quarter 2026 Guidance

The Company’s third quarter outlook reflects expected

mid-single-digit year-over-year revenue growth at the midpoint of guidance, driven by expected ongoing demand across CMT and new product

innovation (NPI) platforms and improving year-over-year profitability on an adjusted EBITDA basis. The Company expects:

· Revenue between $21.0 million and $22.6 million

· Adjusted gross margin between 56% and 58%

· Adjusted EBITDA between $1.5 million and $2.5 million

Full Year 2026 Guidance

The Company is raising its full-year 2026 revenue guidance to

reflect expected strong CMT portfolio momentum and continued adoption of its NPI pipeline, while updating its full-year adjusted gross

margin target to account for expected higher-volume of lower-margin CMT product and geographic mix. The Company now expects:

· Revenue growth between 3% and 5%

· Adjusted gross margin between 57% and 59%

· Adjusted EBITDA growth between 6% and 10%

Webcast and Conference Call Details

In conjunction with this announcement, Harvard Bioscience will

be hosting a conference call and webcast today at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Time. A presentation that will be referenced during the webcast will

be posted to the Company’s Investor Relations website shortly before the webcast begins.

Analysts who would like

to join the call and ask a question must register here (https://register-conf.media-server.com/register/BI5dd1769394494366b6d31b0ceabeb4cc).

Once registered, you will receive the dial-in numbers and a unique PIN number.

Participants who would

like to join the audio-only webcast should go to our events and presentations on the investor website here (https://investor.harvardbioscience.com/events-and-presentations).

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information

In this press release we have included non-GAAP financial information,

including one or more of adjusted operating income (loss), adjusted operating margin, adjusted gross margin, adjusted net income (loss),

adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margin, diluted adjusted earnings (loss) per share, net debt, adjusted gross profit, and non-GAAP revenue

on a constant currency basis. We believe that this non-GAAP financial information provides investors with an enhanced understanding of

the underlying operations of our business. For the periods presented, these non-GAAP financial measures have excluded certain expenses

and income resulting from items that we do not believe are reflective of the underlying operations of the business. Items excluded include

stock-based compensation, amortization of intangibles related to acquisitions, restructuring charges, other operating expenses, goodwill

impairment, interest and other expense, net, income taxes, and the tax impact of reconciling items. Management believes that this non-GAAP

financial information is important in comparing current results with prior period results and is useful to investors and financial analysts

in assessing the Company’s operating performance.

Historical non-GAAP financial information included herein is accompanied

by a reconciliation to the nearest corresponding GAAP measure, which is included below. In addition, the forward-looking Adjusted gross

margin and Adjusted EBITDA guidance for the third quarter of 2026 and full-year 2026 excludes potential charges or gains that may be recorded

during the fiscal year, including among other things, restructuring and reorganization expenses, and non-GAAP restructuring related expenses.

The Company has not attempted to provide reconciliations of such forward-looking non-GAAP earnings guidance to the comparable GAAP measure,

as permitted by Item 10(e)(1)(i)(B) of Regulation S-K, because the impact and timing of these potential charges or gains is inherently

uncertain and difficult to predict and is unavailable without unreasonable efforts. In addition, the Company believes such reconciliations

would imply a degree of precision and certainty that could be misleading to investors. Such items could have a substantial impact on GAAP

measures of the Company’s financial performance.

The non-GAAP financial information provided in this press release

should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, the financial information provided and presented in accordance with GAAP

and may be different from other companies’ non-GAAP financial information.

About Harvard Bioscience

Harvard Bioscience, Inc. is a leading developer, manufacturer and

seller of technologies, products and services that enable fundamental advances in life science applications, including research, drug

and therapy discovery, bio-production and preclinical testing for pharmaceutical and therapy development. Our customers range from renowned

academic institutions and government laboratories to the world’s leading pharmaceutical, biotechnology and contract research organizations.

With operations in the United States, Europe, and China, we sell through a combination of direct and distribution channels to customers

around the world.

For more information, please visit our website

at www.harvardbioscience.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of

the federal securities laws, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified

by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,”

“estimate,” “intend,” “believe” and similar expressions or statements that do not relate to historical

matters. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, information concerning expected future financial and operational

performance including revenues, adjusted gross margin, adjusted EBITDA, gross margin, cash and debt position, balance sheet, growth, adoption

and the introduction of new products, the strength of the Company’s market position, business model and anticipated macroeconomic

conditions. Forward-looking statements do not guarantee future performance and involve known and unknown uncertainties, risks, assumptions,

and contingencies, many of which are outside the Company’s control. Risks and other factors that could cause the Company’s

actual results to differ materially from those described in its forward-looking statements include those described in the “Risk

Factors” section of the Company’s most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as in the Company’s other

filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s expectations and assumptions

as of the date of this document. Except as required by law, the Company assumes no obligation to update forward-looking statements to

reflect any change in expectations, even as new information becomes available.

Investor Inquiries:

Mark Frost

Chief Financial Officer

(508) 893-3120

investors@harvardbioscience.com

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Operations

(Unaudited, in thousands, except per share data)

Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,

2026

2025

2026

2025

Revenues

$ 22,727

$ 20,450

$ 43,482

$ 42,224

Cost of revenues

10,097

8,917

18,608

18,507

Gross profit

12,630

11,533

24,874

23,717

Sales and marketing expenses

5,400

4,539

10,735

9,510

General and administrative expenses

4,617

4,262

9,319

9,447

Research and development expenses

2,453

2,189

4,779

4,510

Amortization of intangible assets

820

1,162

1,640

2,322

Goodwill impairment

47,951

Other operating expenses

318

200

553

464

Total operating expenses

13,608

12,352

27,026

74,204

Operating loss

(978 )

(819 )

(2,152 )

(50,487 )

Other expense:

Interest expense

(1,793 )

(1,001 )

(3,521 )

(1,934 )

Other expense, net

(125 )

(434 )

(530 )

(627 )

Total other expense

(1,918 )

(1,435 )

(4,051 )

(2,561 )

Loss before income taxes

(2,896 )

(2,254 )

(6,203 )

(53,048 )

Income tax expense (benefit)

131

(426 )

Net loss

$ (2,910 )

$ (2,282 )

$ (6,334 )

$ (52,622 )

Loss per share:

Basic and diluted loss per share *

$ (0.64 )

$ (0.52 )

$ (1.41 )

$ (11.91 )

Weighted-average common shares:

Basic and diluted *

4,526

4,430

4,484

4,420

* Retroactively presented to reflect 1-for-10 reverse stock split effective on March 13, 2026.

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited, in thousands, except share and per share data)

June 30, 2026

December 31, 2025

Assets

Cash and cash equivalents

$ 6,503

$ 8,614

Accounts receivable, net

14,500

16,043

Inventories

22,230

20,805

Other current assets

3,230

2,763

Total current assets

46,463

48,225

Property, plant and equipment

5,347

4,787

Goodwill and other intangibles

15,550

17,198

Other long-term assets

8,926

9,861

Total assets

$ 76,286

$ 80,071

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

Other current liabilities

24,793

21,960

Total current liabilities

24,793

21,960

Long-term debt, net

36,682

35,870

Other long-term liabilities

7,393

8,507

Stockholders’ equity

7,418

13,734

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$ 76,286

$ 80,071

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited, in thousands)

Six Months Ended

June 30, 2026

June 30, 2025

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net loss

$ (6,334 )

$ (52,622 )

Adjustments to operating cash flows

4,213

52,062

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

1,784

6,301

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

(337 )

5,741

Cash flows from investing activities:

Additions to property, plant and equipment

(1,114 )

(602 )

Acquisition of intangible assets

(422 )

(314 )

Net cash used in investing activities

(1,536 )

(916 )

Cash flows from financing activities:

Repayment of term debt

(2,000 )

Payment of debt issuance costs

(131 )

(433 )

Proceeds from exercise of warrants and stock purchase plan

150

Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards

(66 )

(75 )

Net cash used in financing activities

(47 )

(2,462 )

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

(191 )

971

(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

(2,111 )

3,334

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period

8,614

4,108

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period

$ 6,503

$ 7,442

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.

Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures (unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data and percentages)

Three Months Ended

Six Months Ended

June 30, 2026

June 30, 2025

June 30, 2026

June 30, 2025

GAAP operating loss

$ (978 )

$ (819 )

$ (2,152 )

$ (50,487 )

Stock-based compensation

380

472

637

1,072

Acquired asset amortization

820

1,162

1,640

2,322

Goodwill impairment

47,951

Other operating expenses (1)

318

200

553

464

Other adjustments (2)

579

671

Adjusted operating income

$ 1,119

$ 1,045

$ 1,349

$ 1,364

Operating margin

(4.3 %)

(4.0 %)

(4.9 %)

(119.6 %)

Adjusted operating margin

4.9 %

5.1 %

3.1 %

3.2 %

GAAP net loss

$ (2,910 )

$ (2,282 )

$ (6,334 )

$ (52,622 )

Stock-based compensation

380

472

637

1,072

Acquired asset amortization

820

1,162

1,640

2,322

Goodwill impairment

47,951

Other operating expenses (1)

318

200

553

464

Other adjustments (2)

579

671

Income taxes

190

183

716

(16 )

Adjusted net (loss) income

(623 )

(235 )

(2,117 )

(787 )

Depreciation & amortization

549

456

1,086

950

Interest and other expense, net (2) (3)

1,918

1,435

4,051

2,561

Adjusted income taxes (4)

(177 )

(156 )

(579 )

(410 )

Adjusted EBITDA

$ 1,667

$ 1,500

$ 2,435

$ 2,314

Adjusted EBITDA margin

7.3 %

5.6 %

5.5 %

Diluted loss per share (GAAP)

$ (0.64 )

$ (0.52 )

$ (1.41 )

$ (11.91 )

Diluted adjusted (loss) earnings per share

$ (0.14 )

$ (0.05 )

$ (0.47 )

$ (0.18 )

Weighted-average common shares:

Diluted GAAP *

4,526

4,430

4,484

4,420

Diluted Adjusted *

4,526

4,430

4,484

4,420

June 30,

2026

2025

Debt, including unamortized deferred financing costs

$ 36,682

$ 34,864

Unamortized deferred financing costs

3,318

486

Cash and cash equivalents

(6,503 )

(7,442 )

Net debt

$ 33,497

$ 27,908

* Retroactively presented to reflect 1-for-10 reverse

stock split effective on March 13, 2026.

(1) Other operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2026 includes $318 thousand of restructuring-related charges compared to $30 thousand of restructuring-related charges and $170 thousand of employee retention tax credit fees for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Other operating expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2026 includes $553 thousand of restructuring-related charges compared to $123 thousand of restructuring-related charges and $341 thousand related to ERTC Fees for the six months ended June 30, 2025

(2) Other adjustments for the three months ended

June 30, 2026 includes $579 thousand of Non-GAAP restructuring-related charges compared to $30 thousand of Non-GAAP restructuring-related

charges for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Other adjustments for the six months ended June 30, 2026 includes $671 thousand of

Non-GAAP restructuring-related charges compared to $42 thousand of Non-GAAP restructuring-related charges for the six months

ended June 30, 2025

(3) Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2026

was $1.8 million,compared to $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025. Interest expense for the six months ended June 30,

2026 was $3.5 million,compared to $1.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025.

(4) Adjusted income taxes includes the tax effect of adjusting

for the reconciling items using the tax rates in the jurisdictions in which the reconciling items arise.

HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.

Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures (unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data and percentages)

Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,

Non-GAAP revenue on a constant currency basis

2026

2025

Growth Rates

2026

2025

Growth Rates

Total revenues

$ 22,727

$ 20,450

11.1 %

43,482

42,224

3.0 %

Effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations

(153 )

(791 )

Revenue on a constant currency basis

$ 22,574

$ 20,450

10.4 %

42,691

42,224

1.1 %

Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,

Non-GAAP Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Gross Margin

2026

2025

2026

2025

Amount

Margin

Amount

Margin

Amount

Margin

Amount

Margin

(in thousands)

Gross profit

$ 12,630

55.6 %

$ 11,533

56.4 %

$ 24,874

57.2 %

$ 23,717

56.2 %

Adjustments:

Stock-based compensation expense - cost of sales

0.1 %

0.2 %

0.0 %

0.1 %

Depreciation and amortization - cost of sales

195

0.9 %

138

0.7 %

399

0.9 %

284

0.7 %

Other adjustments - cost of sales

0.2 %

0.0 %

0.1 %

0.0 %

Non-GAAP gross profit

$ 12,884

56.7 %

$ 11,702

57.2 %

$ 25,339

58.3 %

$ 24,062

57.0 %

(1) Other adjustments - cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2026 includes $44 thousand of Non-GAAP restructuring-related charges compared to $1 thousand of Non-GAAP restructuring-related charges. Other adjustments - cost of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2026 includes $45 thousand of Non-GAAP restructuring-related charges.

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A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityCentralIndexKey

Namespace Prefix:

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Data Type:

dei:centralIndexKeyItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityFileNumber

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:fileNumberItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:edgarStateCountryItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityRegistrantName

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:employerIdItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Local phone number for entity.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_LocalPhoneNumber

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 13e

-Subsection 4c

+ Details

Name:

dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer

Namespace Prefix:

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Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 14d

-Subsection 2b

+ Details

Name:

dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer

Namespace Prefix:

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Data Type:

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Balance Type:

Period Type:

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- Definition

Title of a 12(b) registered security.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b

+ Details

Name:

dei_Security12bTitle

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:securityTitleItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection d1-1

+ Details

Name:

dei_SecurityExchangeName

Namespace Prefix:

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Data Type:

dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 14a

-Subsection 12

+ Details

Name:

dei_SolicitingMaterial

Namespace Prefix:

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Data Type:

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Balance Type:

Period Type:

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- Definition

Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_TradingSymbol

Namespace Prefix:

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Data Type:

dei:tradingSymbolItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Securities Act

-Number 230

-Section 425

+ Details

Name:

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