GM releases 2026 first-quarter results, declares quarterly dividend

DETROIT, April 28, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- General Motors (NYSE: GM) today reported first-quarter 2026 revenue of $43.6 billion, net income attributable to stockholders of $2.6 billion, and EBIT-adjusted of $4.3 billion.

The company is raising its full-year 2026 EBIT adjusted guidance due to a favorable adjustment of approximately $0.5 billion resulting from the U.S. Supreme Court decision regarding certain U.S. tariffs that were paid under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. The company now expects gross tariff costs of $2.5 billion to $3.5 billion in 2026, down from the original estimate of $3.0 billion to $4.0 billion.

Updated 2026 guidance

Previous 2026 guidance

Net income attributable to stockholders

$9.9 billion - $11.4 billion

$10.3 billion - $11.7 billion

EBIT-adjusted

$13.5 billion - $15.5 billion

$13.0 billion - $15.0 billion

Automotive operating cash flow

$16.8 billion - $20.8 billion

$19.0 billion - $23.0 billion

Adjusted automotive free cash flow

$9.0 billion - $11.0 billion

EPS-diluted

$10.62 - $12.62

$11.00 - $13.00

EPS-diluted-adjusted

$11.50 - $13.50

$11.00 - $13.00

GM announced today that its Board of Directors has declared a quarterly cash dividend on the company's outstanding common stock of $0.18 per share, payable June 18, 2026, to holders of the company's common stock at the close of trading on June 5, 2026.

An overview of quarterly results and financial highlights appears below. Visit the GM Investor Relations website to download the company's earnings deck and GM Cha ir and CEO Mary Barra's Let ter to Shareholders.

Conference call for investors and analysts

Mary Barra and GM Chief Financial Officer Paul Jacobson will host a conference call for the investment community at 8:30 a.m. ET today to discuss these results.

Conference call details are as follows:

Results Overview

Three Months Ended

($M) except per share amounts

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

Change

% Change

Revenue

$ 43,624

$ 44,020

$ (395)

(0.9) %

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders

$ 2,627

$ 2,784

$ (157)

(5.7) %

EBIT-adjusted

$ 4,253

$ 3,490

$ 764

21.9 %

Net income margin

6.0 %

6.3 %

(0.3) ppts

(4.8) %

EBIT-adjusted margin

9.7 %

7.9 %

1.8 ppts

22.8 %

Automotive operating cash flow

$ 533

$ 2,404

$ (1,871)

(77.8) %

Adjusted automotive free cash flow

$ 1,269

$ 811

$ 457

56.4 %

EPS-diluted

$ 2.82

$ 3.35

$ (0.53)

(15.9) %

EPS-diluted-adjusted

$ 3.70

$ 2.78

$ 0.92

33.0 %

GMNA EBIT-adjusted

$ 3,661

$ 3,286

$ 375

11.4 %

GMNA EBIT-adjusted margin

10.1 %

8.8 %

1.3 ppts

14.8 %

GMI EBIT-adjusted(a)

$ 123

$ 30

$ 94

n.m.

China equity income (loss)(a)

$ 165

$ 45

$ 120

n.m.

GM Financial EBT-adjusted

$ 688

$ 685

$ 4

0.5 %

__________

(a) n.m. = not meaningful

General Motors (NYSE: GM) is driving the future of transportation, leveraging advanced technology to build safer, smarter, and lower emission cars, trucks, and SUVs. GM's Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, and GMC brands offer a broad portfolio of innovative gasoline-powered vehicles and the industry's widest range of EVs, as we move to an all-electric future. Learn more at GM.com.

Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements: This press release and related comments by management may include "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the U.S. federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements are any statements other than statements of historical fact and represent our current judgment about possible future events. In making these statements, we rely upon assumptions and analysis based on our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, and expected future developments, as well as other factors we consider appropriate under the circumstances. We believe these judgments are reasonable, but these statements are not guarantees of any future events or financial results, and our actual results may differ materially due to a variety of factors, many of which are described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or other factors that affect the subject of these statements, except where we are expressly required to do so by law.

Guidance Reconciliations

The following table reconciles expected Net income attributable to stockholders to expected EBIT-adjusted (dollars in billions):

Year Ending December 31, 2026

Updated(a)

Net income attributable to stockholders

$ 9.9-11.4

$ 10.3-11.7

Income tax expense

2.6-3.1

2.6-3.2

Automotive interest expense, net

0.0

0.1

Adjustments

1.0

—

EBIT-adjusted

$ 13.5-15.5

$ 13.0-15.0

__________

(a)

Refer to the reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders to EBIT-adjusted and segment profit (loss) for adjustment details. These expected financial results do not include the potential impact of future adjustments related to special items.

The following table reconciles expected EPS-diluted to expected EPS-diluted-adjusted:

Year Ending December 31, 2026

Updated(a)

Diluted earnings per common share

$ 10.62-12.62

$ 11.00-13.00

Adjustments

0.88

—

EPS-diluted-adjusted

$ 11.50-13.50

$ 11.00-13.00

__________

(a)

Refer to the reconciliation of diluted earnings per common share to EPS-diluted-adjusted for adjustment details. These expected financial results do not include the potential impact of future adjustments related to special items.

The following table reconciles expected automotive net cash provided by operating activities to expected adjusted automotive free cash flow (dollars in billions):

Year Ending December 31, 2026

Updated(a)

Net automotive cash provided by operating activities

$ 16.8-20.8

$ 19.0-23.0

Less: Capital expenditures

10.0-12.0

Adjustments

2.2

—

Adjusted automotive free cash flow

$ 9.0-11.0

__________

(a)

These expected financial results do not include the potential impact of future adjustments related to special items.

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries 1

Combining Income Statement Information

(In millions) (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

Automotive

Financial

Reclassifications/

Eliminations

Combined

Automotive

Cruise

Financial

Reclassifications/

Eliminations

Combined

Net sales and revenue

Automotive

$ 39,349

$ —

$ 39,349

$ 39,860

$ 1

$ —

$ 39,861

GM Financial

—

4,276

(1)

4,275

—

4,164

(5)

4,159

Total net sales and revenue

39,349

4,276

(1)

43,624

39,860

4,164

(5)

44,020

Costs and expenses

Automotive and other cost of sales

35,027

—

35,028

35,029

163

—

(1)

35,191

GM Financial interest, operating, and other expenses

—

3,602

(1)

3,601

—

3,491

—

3,491

Automotive and other selling, general, and administrative expense

2,070

—

(1)

2,069

1,874

111

—

1,985

Total costs and expenses

37,097

3,602

(1)

40,698

36,903

274

3,491

(1)

40,668

Operating income (loss)

2,252

675

—

2,926

2,957

(273)

673

(4)

3,352

Automotive interest expense

158

—

158

152

—

(29)

152

Interest income and other non-operating income, net

307

—

307

334

—

(25)

310

Equity income (loss)

258

—

272

—

Income (loss) before income taxes

$ 2,658

$ 688

$ —

$ 3,347

$ 3,188

$ (301)

$ 685

$ —

$ 3,572

Income tax expense (benefit)

642

719

Net income (loss)

2,705

2,853

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests

(78)

(69)

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders

$ 2,627

$ 2,784

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

$ 2,614

$ 3,361

________

1 Certain columns and rows may not add due to rounding.

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries 1

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes basic and diluted earnings per share (in millions, except per share amounts):

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

Basic earnings per share

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders

$ 2,627

$ 2,784

Adjustments(a)

(13)

577

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders

$ 2,614

$ 3,361

Weighted-average common shares outstanding

911

988

Basic earnings per common share

$ 2.87

$ 3.40

Diluted earnings per share

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders – diluted

$ 2,614

$ 3,361

Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted

926

1,002

Diluted earnings per common share

$ 2.82

$ 3.35

Potentially dilutive securities(b)

__________

(a)

Includes a $593 million return from the preferred shareholders related to the redemption of Cruise preferred shares from noncontrolling interest holders in the three months ended March 31, 2025.

(b)

Potentially dilutive securities attributable to Performance Stock Units (PSUs) and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) at March 31, 2026 and outstanding stock options, PSUs, and RSUs at March 31, 2025 were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share (EPS) because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries 1

Combining Balance Sheet Information

(In millions, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

Automotive

Financial

Reclassifications/

Eliminations

Combined

Automotive

Cruise

Financial

Reclassifications/

Eliminations

Combined

ASSETS

Current Assets

Cash and cash equivalents

$ 14,670

$ 5,130

$ —

$ 19,800

$ 15,062

$ 56

$ 5,826

$ —

$ 20,945

Marketable debt securities

4,558

—

4,618

6,685

—

6,724

Accounts and notes receivable, net(a)

15,501

1,560

(679)

16,381

12,199

1,506

(727)

13,054

GM Financial receivables, net(b)

—

44,130

(379)

43,751

—

45,661

(395)

45,266

Inventories

15,593

—

(4)

15,590

14,472

—

(5)

14,467

Other current assets

3,239

5,734

8,981

3,167

5,130

8,312

Total current assets

53,562

56,613

(1,054)

109,121

51,585

141

58,162

(1,120)

108,767

Non-current Assets

GM Financial receivables, net

—

43,724

—

43,724

—

44,384

—

44,384

Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates

4,833

1,144

—

5,978

4,564

—

1,117

—

5,681

Property, net

52,038

128

—

52,166

51,458

126

—

51,683

Goodwill and intangible assets, net

2,986

1,349

—

4,336

3,018

—

1,348

—

4,366

Equipment on operating leases, net

—

33,344

—

33,344

—

33,686

—

33,686

Deferred income taxes

24,254

(1,571)

—

22,682

24,446

—

(1,486)

—

22,960

Other assets

8,035

1,587

—

9,622

8,226

1,483

—

9,756

Total non-current assets

92,147

79,706

—

171,853

91,712

147

80,658

—

172,517

Total Assets

$ 145,709

$ 136,319

$ (1,054)

$ 280,974

$ 143,297

$ 288

$ 138,820

$ (1,120)

$ 281,284

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

Current Liabilities

Accounts payable (principally trade)(a)

$ 28,071

$ 516

$ (675)

$ 27,912

$ 24,075

$ 1

$ 491

$ (649)

$ 23,919

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt

Automotive(b)

785

—

(379)

406

1,120

—

(471)

656

GM Financial

—

35,888

—

35,888

—

35,012

—

35,012

Cruise

—

Accrued liabilities

26,071

4,443

—

30,514

28,956

4,744

—

33,754

Total current liabilities

54,927

40,847

(1,054)

94,720

54,151

40,248

(1,120)

93,342

Non-current Liabilities

Long-term debt

Automotive

15,522

—

15,522

—

15,591

GM Financial

—

75,940

—

75,940

—

79,018

—

79,018

Cruise

—

Postretirement benefits other than pensions

3,982

—

3,982

4,025

—

4,025

Pensions

4,701

—

4,712

4,977

—

4,988

Other liabilities

17,926

3,478

—

21,405

17,495

281

3,375

—

21,151

Total non-current liabilities

42,132

79,428

—

121,560

42,019

351

82,404

—

124,775

Total Liabilities

97,059

120,275

(1,054)

216,280

96,170

414

122,652

(1,120)

218,116

Equity

Common stock, $0.01 par value

—

Additional paid-in capital(c)

19,540

1,077

(1,076)

19,541

18,086

1,842

1,077

(1,076)

19,928

Retained earnings

37,043

16,341

53,386

37,024

(1,968)

16,467

51,524

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

(8,903)

(1,374)

—

(10,277)

(8,966)

—

(1,377)

—

(10,343)

Total stockholders' equity

47,690

16,044

(1,075)

62,659

46,153

(126)

16,167

(1,075)

61,119

Noncontrolling interests(c)

961

—

1,075

2,036

974

—

1,075

2,049

Total Equity

48,650

16,044

—

64,694

47,127

(126)

16,167

—

63,168

Total Liabilities and Equity

$ 145,709

$ 136,319

$ (1,054)

$ 280,974

$ 143,297

$ 288

$ 138,820

$ (1,120)

$ 281,284

__________

(a)

Eliminations primarily include GM Financial accounts and notes receivable of $0.6 billion due from Automotive; and Automotive accounts receivable of $0.1 billion due from GM Financial at March 31, 2026; and GM Financial accounts and notes receivable of $0.5 billion due from Automotive; and Automotive accounts receivable of $0.1 billion primarily due from GM Financial at December 31, 2025.

(b)

Eliminations primarily related to GM Financial accounts receivable due from Automotive.

(c)

Primarily reclassification of GM Financial Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, B, and C. The preferred stock is classified as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated balance sheets.

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries 1

Combining Cash Flow Information

(In millions) (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

Automotive

Financial

Reclassifications/

Eliminations

Combined

Automotive

Cruise

Financial

Reclassifications/

Eliminations

Combined

Cash flows from operating activities

Net income (loss)

$ 2,188

$ 517

$ —

$ 2,705

$ 2,659

$ (302)

$ 496

$ —

$ 2,853

Depreciation and impairment of Equipment on operating leases, net

—

1,331

—

1,331

—

1,203

—

1,203

Depreciation, amortization, and impairment charges on Property, net

1,689

—

1,699

1,716

—

1,731

Foreign currency remeasurement and transaction (gains) losses

(60)

(4)

—

(64)

149

—

152

Undistributed earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates, net

(252)

(14)

—

(266)

497

—

(12)

—

485

Pension contributions and OPEB payments

(230)

(1)

—

(231)

(194)

—

(1)

—

(195)

Pension and OPEB (income) expense, net

—

(1)

—

Provision (benefit) for deferred taxes

117

105

—

222

—

104

—

143

Change in other operating assets and liabilities(a)(c)

(2,929)

(312)

784

(2,456)

(2,463)

(237)

2,313

(311)

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

533

1,633

784

2,950

2,404

(533)

1,877

2,313

6,061

Cash flows from investing activities

Expenditures for property

(1,500)

(12)

—

(1,512)

(1,809)

(2)

(4)

—

(1,816)

Available-for-sale marketable securities, acquisitions

(682)

(53)

—

(734)

(645)

—

(645)

Available-for-sale marketable securities, liquidations

2,812

—

2,845

1,065

—

1,065

Purchases of finance receivables(b)

—

(8,402)

(5)

(8,407)

—

(9,668)

(390)

(10,058)

Principal collections and recoveries on finance receivables(a)

—

10,545

(1,445)

9,100

—

11,642

(2,685)

8,956

Proceeds from sale of finance receivables

—

Purchases of leased vehicles

—

(3,274)

—

(3,274)

—

(4,212)

—

(4,212)

Proceeds from termination of leased vehicles

—

2,520

—

2,520

—

2,529

—

2,529

Other investing activities(b)

—

(1)

(1,059)

—

750

(310)

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

726

1,357

(1,451)

632

(2,448)

(2)

286

(2,326)

(4,490)

Cash flows from financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in short-term debt

(2)

—

(18)

—

188

—

170

Proceeds from issuance of debt (original maturities greater than three months)(b)

—

8,376

—

8,376

334

16,896

(334)

16,897

Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)

(261)

(10,568)

(10,813)

(66)

(1)

(15,175)

(15,216)

Payment to purchase common stock

(800)

—

(800)

(2,012)

—

(2,012)

Issuance (redemption) of subsidiary stock(b)

—

(29)

Dividends paid(c)

(164)

(709)

650

(223)

(116)

—

(409)

350

(175)

Other financing activities

(291)

(29)

—

(321)

(123)

—

(55)

—

(178)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

(1,519)

(2,837)

667

(3,689)

(2,334)

333

1,444

(543)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

(123)

—

(113)

—

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

(383)

163

—

(221)

(2,352)

(202)

3,632

—

1,078

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period

15,241

9,043

—

24,284

14,561

322

8,081

—

22,964

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period

$ 14,857

$ 9,206

$ —

$ 24,063

$ 12,209

$ 120

$ 11,714

$ —

$ 24,042

__________

(a)

Includes eliminations of $1.4 billion and $2.6 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 primarily driven by purchases/collections of wholesale finance receivables resulting from vehicles sold by GM to dealers that have arranged their inventory floor plan financing through GM Financial.

(b)

Eliminations include intercompany funding activity from Automotive and GM Financial to Cruise in the three months ended March 31, 2025.

(c)

Eliminations include dividends issued by GM Financial to Automotive in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Note: Certain intercompany transactions that are eliminated in consolidation are presented on a net basis.

The following tables summarize key financial information (dollars in millions):

GMNA

GMI

Corporate

Eliminations

Total

Automotive

Cruise

Financial

Reclassifications/

Eliminations

Total

Three Months Ended March 31, 2026

Net sales and revenue

$ 36,401

$ 2,859

$ 90

$ —

$ 39,349

$ —

$ 4,276

$ (1)

$ 43,624

Expenditures for property

$ 1,427

$ 53

$ 21

$ —

$ 1,500

$ —

$ 12

$ —

$ 1,512

Depreciation and amortization

$ 1,541

$ 119

$ 5

$ —

$ 1,665

$ —

$ 1,341

$ —

$ 3,005

Impairment charges

$ 25

$ —

$ 25

$ —

$ 25

Equity income (loss)(a)(b)

$ 136

$ 161

$ (45)

$ —

$ 252

$ —

$ 14

$ —

$ 266

GMNA

GMI

Corporate

Eliminations

Total

Automotive

Cruise

Financial

Reclassifications/

Eliminations

Total

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

Net sales and revenue

$ 37,388

$ 2,427

$ 46

$ —

$ 39,860

$ 1

$ 4,164

$ (5)

$ 44,020

Expenditures for property

$ 1,705

$ 94

$ 11

$ —

$ 1,809

$ 2

$ 4

$ —

$ 1,816

Depreciation and amortization

$ 1,588

$ 102

$ 27

$ —

$ 1,716

$ 5

$ 1,212

$ —

$ 2,934

Impairment charges

$ —

Equity income (loss)(a)(b)

$ 242

$ 49

$ —

$ 291

$ —

$ 12

$ —

$ 303

__________

(a)

Includes Automotive China joint ventures (Automotive China JVs) equity income (loss) of $165 million and $45 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(b)

Equity earnings related to Ultium Cells Holdings LLC, an equally owned joint venture with LG Energy Solution, are presented in Automotive and other cost of sales as this entity has historically been integral to the operations of our business by providing battery cells for our electric vehicles (EVs). In the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, equity earnings in Ultium Cell Holdings LLC were insignificant and $241 million.

General Motors Company and Subsidiaries

Supplemental Material 1

(Unaudited)

General Motors Company (GM) uses both generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and non-GAAP financial measures for operational and financial decision making, and to assess Company and segment business performance. Our non-GAAP measures include: earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)-adjusted, presented net of noncontrolling interests; earnings before income taxes (EBT)-adjusted for our General Motors Financial Company, Inc. (GM Financial) segment; earnings per share (EPS)-diluted-adjusted; effective tax rate-adjusted (ETR-adjusted); return on invested capital-adjusted (ROIC-adjusted) and adjusted automotive free cash flow. GM's calculation of these non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences between companies in the method of calculation. As a result, the use of these non-GAAP measures has limitations and should not be considered superior to, in isolation from, or as a substitute for, related U.S. GAAP measures.

These non-GAAP measures allow management and investors to view operating trends, perform analytical comparisons, and benchmark performance between periods and among geographic regions to understand operating performance without regard to items we do not consider a component of our core operating performance. Furthermore, these non-GAAP measures allow investors the opportunity to measure and monitor our performance against our externally communicated targets and evaluate the investment decisions being made by management to improve ROIC-adjusted. Management uses these measures in its financial, investment, and operational decision-making processes, for internal reporting, and as part of its forecasting and budgeting processes. Further, our Board of Directors uses certain of these and other measures as key metrics to determine management performance under our performance-based compensation plans. For these reasons, we believe these non-GAAP measures are useful for our investors.

EBIT-adjusted (Most comparable GAAP measure: Net income attributable to stockholders) EBIT-adjusted is presented net of noncontrolling interests and is used by management and can be used by investors to review our consolidated operating results because it excludes automotive interest income, automotive interest expense, and income taxes as well as certain additional adjustments that are not considered part of our core operations. Examples of adjustments to EBIT include, but are not limited to, impairment charges on long-lived assets and other exit costs resulting from strategic shifts in our operations or discrete market and business conditions, and certain costs arising from legal matters. For EBIT-adjusted and our other non-GAAP measures, once we have made an adjustment in the current period for an item, we will also adjust the related non-GAAP measure in any future periods in which there is an impact from the item. Our corresponding measure for our GM Financial segment is EBT-adjusted because interest income and interest expense are an integral part of its financial performance.

EPS-diluted-adjusted (Most comparable GAAP measure: Diluted earnings per common share) EPS-diluted-adjusted is used by management and can be used by investors to review our consolidated diluted EPS results on a consistent basis. EPS-diluted-adjusted is calculated as net income attributable to common stockholders-diluted less adjustments noted above for EBIT-adjusted and certain income tax adjustments divided by weighted-average common shares outstanding-diluted. Examples of income tax adjustments include the establishment or release of significant deferred tax asset valuation allowances.

ETR-adjusted (Most comparable GAAP measure: Effective tax rate) ETR-adjusted is used by management and can be used by investors to review the consolidated effective tax rate for our core operations on a consistent basis. ETR-adjusted is calculated as Income tax expense less the income tax related to the adjustments noted above for EBIT-adjusted and the income tax adjustments noted above for EPS-diluted-adjusted divided by Income before income taxes less adjustments. When we provide an expected adjusted effective tax rate, we cannot provide an expected effective tax rate without unreasonable efforts because the U.S. GAAP measure may include significant adjustments that are difficult to predict.

ROIC-adjusted (Most comparable GAAP measure: Return on equity) ROIC-adjusted is used by management and can be used by investors to review our investment and capital allocation decisions. We define ROIC-adjusted as EBIT-adjusted for the trailing four quarters divided by ROIC-adjusted average net assets, which is the average equity balances adjusted for average automotive debt and interest liabilities, exclusive of finance leases; average automotive net pension and other postretirement benefits (OPEB) liabilities; and average automotive net income tax assets during the same period.

Adjusted automotive free cash flow (Most comparable GAAP measure: Net automotive cash provided by operating activities) Adjusted automotive free cash flow is used by management and can be used by investors to review the liquidity of our automotive operations and to measure and monitor our performance against our capital allocation program and evaluate our automotive liquidity against the substantial cash requirements of our automotive operations. We measure adjusted automotive free cash flow as automotive operating cash flow from operations less capital expenditures adjusted for management actions. Management actions can include voluntary events such as discretionary contributions to employee benefit plans or nonrecurring specific events such as a closure of a facility that are considered special for EBIT-adjusted purposes.

The following table reconciles Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders to EBIT-adjusted and segment profit (loss) (dollars in millions):

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders

$ 2,627

$ 2,784

Income tax expense (benefit)

642

719

Automotive interest expense

158

152

Automotive interest income

(173)

(191)

Adjustments

EV strategic realignment(a)

1,077

—

China restructuring actions(b)

(78)

—

Headquarters relocation(c)

—

Total adjustments

999

EBIT-adjusted

4,253

3,490

Operating segments

GM North America (GMNA)

3,661

3,286

GM International (GMI)

123

Cruise

—

(273)

GM Financial(d)

688

685

Total operating segments

4,473

3,728

Corporate and eliminations(e)

(219)

(238)

EBIT-adjusted

$ 4,253

$ 3,490

__________

(a)

These adjustments were excluded because they relate to our strategic realignment of our EV capacity and manufacturing footprint, including Ultium's strategic realignment.

(b)

These adjustments were excluded because they relate to restructuring activities associated with our operations in China, including an other-than-temporary impairment and restructuring charges recorded in equity earnings associated with our Automotive China JVs.

(c)

These adjustments were excluded because they relate to the GM headquarters relocation, primarily consisting of accelerated depreciation and other relocation expenditures.

(d)

GM Financial amounts represent EBT-adjusted.

(e)

GM's automotive interest income and interest expense, legacy costs from the Opel / Vauxhall Business (primarily pension costs), corporate expenditures, and certain revenues and expenses that are not part of a reportable segment are recorded centrally in Corporate.

The following table reconciles diluted earnings per common share to EPS-diluted-adjusted (dollars in millions, except per share amounts):

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

Amount

Per Share

Amount

Per Share

Diluted earnings per common share

$ 2,614

$ 2.82

$ 3,361

$ 3.35

Adjustments(a)

999

1.08

0.03

Tax effect on adjustments(b)

(183)

(0.20)

(6)

(0.01)

Return from preferred shareholders(c)

—

(593)

(0.59)

EPS-diluted-adjusted

$ 3,430

$ 3.70

$ 2,789

$ 2.78

__________

(a)

Refer to the reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders to EBIT-adjusted and segment profit (loss) for adjustment details.

(b)

The tax effect of each adjustment is determined based on the tax laws and valuation allowance status of the jurisdiction to which the adjustment relates.

(c)

This adjustment consists of a return from the preferred shareholders related to the redemption of Cruise preferred shares from noncontrolling interest holders in the three months ended March 31, 2025.

The following table reconciles our effective tax rate to ETR-adjusted (dollars in millions):

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

Income before income

taxes

Income tax expense

(benefit)

Effective tax rate

Income before income

taxes

Income tax expense

(benefit)

Effective tax rate

$ 3,347

$ 642

19.2 %

$ 3,572

$ 719

20.1 %

Adjustments(a)

999

183

ETR-adjusted

$ 4,346

$ 825

19.0 %

$ 3,598

$ 725

20.1 %

__________

(a)

Refer to the reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders to EBIT-adjusted and segment profit (loss) for adjustment details. These adjustments include Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests where applicable. The tax effect of each adjustment is determined based on the tax laws and valuation allowance status of the jurisdiction to which the adjustment relates.

We define return on equity (ROE) as Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders for the trailing four quarters divided by average equity for the same period. Management uses average equity to provide comparable amounts in the calculation of ROE. The following table summarizes the calculation of ROE (dollars in billions):

Four Quarters Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

Net income attributable to stockholders

$ 2.5

$ 5.8

Average equity(a)

$ 64.1

$ 67.9

ROE

4.0 %

8.6 %

__________

(a)

Includes equity of noncontrolling interests where the corresponding earnings (loss) are included in Net income attributable to stockholders.

The following table summarizes the calculation of ROIC-adjusted (dollars in billions):

Four Quarters Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

EBIT-adjusted(a)

$ 13.5

$ 14.6

Average equity(b)

$ 64.1

$ 67.9

Add: Average automotive debt and interest liabilities (excluding finance leases)

16.3

16.0

Add: Average automotive net pension and OPEB liability

8.3

9.1

Less: Average automotive net income tax asset

(23.7)

(22.7)

ROIC-adjusted average net assets

$ 65.0

$ 70.2

ROIC-adjusted

20.8 %

20.7 %

__________

(a)

Refer to the reconciliation of Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders to EBIT-adjusted and segment profit (loss) for adjustment details.

(b)

Includes equity of noncontrolling interests where the corresponding earnings (loss) are included in EBIT-adjusted.

The following table reconciles Net automotive cash provided by operating activities to adjusted automotive free cash flow (dollars in millions):

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

Net automotive cash provided by operating activities

$ 533

$ 2,404

Less: Capital expenditures

(1,500)

(1,809)

Add: EV strategic realignment

2,232

—

Add: GMI exit costs

Add: Buick dealer strategy

—

160

Add: Separation costs

—

Adjusted automotive free cash flow

$ 1,269

$ 811

Vehicle Sales

GM presents both wholesale and total vehicle sales data to assist in the analysis of our revenue and market share. Wholesale vehicle sales data consists of sales to GM's dealers and distributors as well as sales to the U.S. Government, and excludes vehicles sold by our joint ventures. Wholesale vehicle sales data correlates to GM's revenue recognized from the sale of vehicles, which is the largest component of Automotive net sales and revenue. In the three months ended March 31, 2026, 24.9% of GM's wholesale vehicle sales volume was generated outside the U.S. The following table summarizes wholesale vehicle sales by our Automotive operations (vehicles in thousands):

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

GMNA

793

827

GMI

106

Total

899

912

Total vehicle sales data represents: (1) retail sales (i.e., sales to consumers who purchase new vehicles from dealers or distributors); (2) fleet sales (i.e., sales to large and small businesses, governments, and daily rental car companies); and (3) certain vehicles used by dealers in their business, including but not limited to courtesy transportation vehicles previously used by dealers that were sold to the end consumer. Total vehicle sales data includes all sales by joint ventures on a total vehicle basis, not based on our percentage ownership interest in the joint venture, including vehicle sales of non-GM trademarked vehicles, which are included in the total vehicle sales we report for China. While total vehicle sales data does not correlate directly to the revenue GM recognizes during a particular period, we believe it is indicative of the underlying demand for GM's vehicles. Total vehicle sales data represents management's good faith estimate based on sales reported by our dealers, distributors, and joint ventures; commercially available data sources, such as registration and insurance data; and internal estimates and forecasts when other data is not available.

The following table summarizes industry and GM total vehicle sales and GM's related competitive position by geographic region (vehicles in thousands):

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

Industry

Market Share

Industry

Market Share

North America

United States

3,792

626

16.5 %

4,032

693

17.2 %

Other

924

117

12.6 %

941

126

13.4 %

Total North America

4,717

743

15.8 %

4,973

819

16.5 %

Asia/Pacific, Middle East, and Africa

China(a)

5,062

349

6.9 %

5,811

443

7.6 %

Other

5,786

108

1.9 %

5,733

102

1.8 %

Total Asia/Pacific, Middle East, and Africa

10,848

457

4.2 %

11,545

545

4.7 %

South America

Brazil

625

9.8 %

552

10.1 %

Other

454

7.3 %

400

7.2 %

Total South America

1,079

8.8 %

951

8.9 %

Total in GM markets

16,644

1,294

7.8 %

17,469

1,448

8.3 %

Total Europe

4,142

—

— %

4,238

— %

Total Worldwide(b)

20,786

1,295

6.2 %

21,706

1,449

6.7 %

United States

Cars

627

1.8 %

707

2.5 %

Trucks

1,010

324

32.1 %

1,053

344

32.7 %

Crossovers

2,155

291

13.5 %

2,272

332

14.6 %

Total United States

3,792

626

16.5 %

4,032

693

17.2 %

China(a)

SGMS

116

119

SGMW

233

324

Total

5,062

349

6.9 %

5,811

443

7.6 %

__________

(a)

Includes sales by the Automotive China JVs: SAIC General Motors Sales Co., Ltd. (SGMS) and SAIC GM Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. (SGMW).

(b)

Cuba, Iran, North Korea, and Sudan have been subject to broad economic sanctions. Accordingly, these countries are excluded from industry sales data and corresponding calculation of market share.

As discussed above, total vehicle sales and market share data provided in the table above includes fleet vehicles. Certain fleet transactions, particularly sales to daily rental car companies, are generally less profitable than retail sales to end customers. The following table summarizes estimated fleet sales and those sales as a percentage of total vehicle sales (vehicles in thousands):

Three Months Ended

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

GMNA

184

172

GMI

Total fleet sales

266

239

Fleet sales as a percentage of total vehicle sales

20.6 %

16.5 %

SOURCE General Motors