Form 8-K

8-K — VivoSim Labs, INC.

Accession: 0001193125-26-306849

Filed: 2026-07-17

Period: 2026-07-16

CIK: 0001497253

SIC: 2836 (BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS (NO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES))

Item: Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement

Item: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

Item: Other Events

Item: Financial Statements and Exhibits

Documents

8-K — d134319d8k.htm (Primary)

EX-4.1 (d134319dex41.htm)

EX-4.2 (d134319dex42.htm)

EX-4.3 (d134319dex43.htm)

EX-10.1 (d134319dex101.htm)

EX-10.2 (d134319dex102.htm)

EX-99.1 (d134319dex991.htm)

XML — IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT (R1.htm)

8-K

8-K (Primary)

Filename: d134319d8k.htm · Sequence: 1

8-K

false 0001497253 0001497253 2026-07-16 2026-07-16

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): July 16, 2026

VIVOSIM LABS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Commission File Number: 001-35996

Delaware

27-1488943

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

11555 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 100

San Diego, CA 92121

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(858) 224-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):

☐

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

(Title of each class)

(Trading

symbol(s))

(Name of each exchange

on which registered)

Common Stock, $0.001 par value

VIVS

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (17 CFR §230.405) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (17 CFR §240.12b-2). Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Item 1.01

Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.

Securities Purchase Agreement and Warrants

On July 16, 2026, VivoSim Labs, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with an accredited institutional investor (the “Purchaser”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Purchaser, in a private placement transaction (the “Private Placement”), (i) pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,705,883 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), and (ii) accompanying warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 4,705,883 shares of Common Stock (the “Common Warrants”, and collectively with the Pre-Funded Warrants, the “Warrants”), at the combined purchase price of $0.85 per share of Common Stock subject to the Pre-Funded Warrants and accompanying Common Warrant, for gross proceeds of approximately $4.0 million, before deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses. The closing of the Private Placement is expected to occur on or about July 17, 2026. The Company intends to use the proceeds from the Private Placement for working capital and general corporate purposes.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements of the Company and the Purchaser, customary conditions to closing, indemnification obligations of the Company, other obligations of the parties and termination provisions. In addition, the Company has agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents from the date of the Purchase Agreement until 60 days after the date the registration statement covering the resale by the Purchaser of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants (the “Warrant Shares”) is declared effective.

Each Pre-Funded Warrant has an exercise price of $0.001 per share of Common Stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions, is exercisable immediately upon issuance and will survive until it is exercised in full. Each Pre-Funded Warrant will be exercisable on a cash or cashless exercise basis.

Each Common Warrant has an exercise price of $0.85 per share of Common Stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions, will be exercisable at any time on or after the date the Company obtains stockholder approval with respect to the Common Warrants, for a period of five years thereafter. Each Common Warrant is exercisable on a cash basis unless, at the time of such exercise, the Warrant Shares underlying such Common Warrant cannot be immediately resold pursuant to an effective registration statement, in which case such Common Warrant will also be exercisable on a cashless exercise basis.

Under the terms of the Warrants, the Company may not effect the exercise of any such Warrant, and a holder will not be entitled to exercise any portion of any such Warrant, if, upon giving effect to such exercise, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the holder (together with its affiliates) would exceed 9.99% for the Pre-Funded Warrants, or 4.99% for the Common Warrants, of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of such Warrant, which percentage may be increased or decreased at the holder’s election upon 61 days’ notice to the Company, subject to the terms of such Warrants, provided that such percentage may in no event exceed 9.99%.

Placement Agency Agreement

In connection with the Private Placement, on July 16, 2026, the Company also entered into a placement agency agreement (the “Placement Agency Agreement”) with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (the “Placement Agent”). Pursuant to the Placement Agency Agreement, the Company agreed to pay to the Placement Agent a cash fee equal to 6.50% of the gross proceeds of the Private Placement.

Armistice Warrant Amendment

In connection with the Private Placement, on July 16, 2026, the Company also entered into an amendment (the “Armistice Warrant Amendment”) to those certain Common Stock Purchase Warrants, each dated May 13, 2024, issued by the Company to Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. (the “Armistice Warrants”), to, among other things, amend the date of termination and the exercise price of the Armistice Warrants to be 5 years after the date the Company obtains stockholder approval with respect to the Armistice Warrants and underlying shares of Common Stock and $0.85 per share of Common Stock, respectively, and amend certain provisions relating to the treatment of the warrants upon a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Armistice Warrants).

The foregoing summaries of the Purchase Agreement, the form of Pre-Funded Warrant, the form of Common Warrant, the Placement Agency Agreement and the Armistice Warrant Amendment do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full texts of the Purchase Agreement, the form of Pre-Funded Warrant, the form of Common Warrant, the Placement Agency Agreement and the Armistice Warrant Amendment, which are filed herewith as Exhibits 10.1, 4.1, 4.2, 10.2 and 4.3, respectively.

The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Purchase Agreement, the Warrants, the Placement Agency Agreement and the Armistice Warrant Amendment were made only for purposes of such agreements and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the contracting parties, and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties and are qualified by certain disclosures exchanged by the parties in connection with the Private Placement. Accordingly, the Purchase Agreement, the Warrants, the Placement Agency Agreement and the Armistice Warrant Amendment are incorporated herein by reference only to provide investors with information regarding the terms thereof, and not to provide investors with any other factual information regarding the Company or its business, and should be read in conjunction with the disclosures in the Company’s periodic reports and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

This Current Report on Form 8-K does not constitute an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to the registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Current Report on Form 8-K contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements related to the expected use of the proceeds from the Private Placement. The risks and uncertainties involved include the Company’s financial position, market conditions and other risks detailed from time to time in the Company’s periodic reports and other filings with the SEC. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which are based on the Company’s current expectations and assumptions and speak only as of the date of this Current Report on Form 8-K. The Company does not intend to revise or update any forward-looking statement in this Current Report on Form 8-K as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Item 3.02.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities.

The disclosures in Item 1.01 of this Current Report are incorporated by reference into this Item 3.02.

Item 8.01.

Other Events.

On July 16, 2026, the Company issued a press release announcing the pricing of the Private Placement. A copy of the press release is filed herewith as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9.01

Financial Statements and Exhibits

(d) Exhibits.

Number

Description

4.1

Form of Pre-Funded Warrant to Purchase Shares of Common Stock.

4.2

Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant to Purchase Shares of Common Stock.

4.3

Amendment to Common Stock Purchase Warrants, dated July 16, 2026, between the Company and Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd.

10.1

Securities Purchase Agreement, dated July 16, 2026, between the Company and the purchaser identified on the signature page thereto.

10.2

Placement Agency Agreement, dated July 16, 2026, between the Company and A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners.

99.1

Press Release, dated July 16, 2026.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL).

* * *

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

VivoSim Labs, Inc.

Date: July 17, 2026

By:

/s/ Norman Staskey

Name:

Norman Staskey

Title:

Chief Financial Officer

EX-4.1

Filename: d134319dex41.htm · Sequence: 2

EX-4.1

Exhibit 4.1

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE

SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS

SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

PRE-FUNDED WARRANT

TO PURCHASE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK

VIVOSIM LABS, INC.

Warrant Shares: ________

Initial Exercise Date: July [•], 2026

THIS PRE-FUNDED WARRANT TO PURCHASE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK (this

“Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any

time on or after the date hereof (the “Initial Exercise Date”) until this Warrant is exercised in full (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from VIVOSIM LABS, INC., a

Delaware corporation (the “Company”), up to ______ shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), of the Company (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant

Shares”). The purchase price of one Warrant Share under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).

1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in that certain Securities

Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), dated July 15, 2026, among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto.

2. Exercise.

(a)

Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of

a duly executed facsimile copy or PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the

“Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of

exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise

procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. The Company shall have no obligation to inquire with respect to or otherwise confirm the authenticity of the signature(s) contained on any Notice of

Exercise nor the authority of the person so executing such Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or

notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares

available hereunder and this Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered

to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an

amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased

and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with

respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company agrees to

deliver, or cause to be delivered, the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date (as defined below) for purposes

hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such Warrant Share Delivery Date. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree

that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face

hereof.

For the avoidance of doubt, there is no circumstance that would require the Company to net cash settle this Warrant.

(b) Exercise Price. The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant, except for a nominal exercise price of $0.001 per Warrant Share, was pre-funded to the Company on or prior to the Initial Exercise Date and, consequently, no additional consideration (other than the nominal exercise price of $0.001 per Warrant Share) shall be required to be paid by

the Holder to any Person to effect any exercise of this Warrant. The Holder shall not be entitled to the return or refund of all, or any portion, of such pre-paid aggregate exercise price under any

circumstance or for any reason whatsoever, including in the event this Warrant shall not have been exercised prior to the Termination Date. The remaining unpaid exercise price per Warrant Share under this Warrant shall be $0.001, subject to

adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).

in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A),

where:

(A)= as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if

such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the

opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (x) the VWAP on the Trading Day

immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (y) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (“Bloomberg”) as of the time of the Holder’s

execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the

close of “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of

Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;

(B) = the Exercise Price, as adjusted hereunder; and

(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such

exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the

parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of this Warrant. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this

Section 2(c).

“Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that

applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted

as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York

City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the VWAP of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common

Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid

price per share of Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the

Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common

Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by

Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding

date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency

succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in

good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

(d) Mechanics of Exercise

(i) Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted to the

Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in

such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to, or resale of the Warrant Shares by, the Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and

otherwise by physical delivery of the Warrant Shares, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the

address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate

Exercise Price to the Company, and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon

delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the

Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard

Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise; provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such date. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the

Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date applicable to such exercise, the Holder may, upon written demand to the Company, require the Company to pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages

and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading

Day after the Warrant Share Delivery Date) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a registrar (which may be the Transfer

Agent) that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days

(including no Trading Days if the Settlement Date is the trade date), on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

(ii) Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been

exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the

unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

(iii) Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to

Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise by delivering written notice to the Company at any time prior to the Company delivering such Warrant Shares.

(iv) Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In

addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before

the Warrant Share Delivery Date (other than such failure that is solely due to any action or inaction by the Holder with respect to such exercise), and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market

transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a

“Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any)

for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver, but did not timely deliver, to the Holder in connection with the exercise

at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of this Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which

such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery

obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases shares of Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of Warrants with an aggregate

sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the

amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies

available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this

Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

(v) No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing

fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in

respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share of Common Stock.

(vi) Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax

or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be

directed by the Holder; provided, however, that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto as

Exhibit B (the “Assignment Form”) duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all

Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required

for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

(vii) Closing of Books. The

Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

(viii) Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise

of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of

Exercise, the Holder (together with (i) the Holder’s Affiliates, (ii) any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates, and (iii) any other Persons whose beneficial ownership

of shares of Common Stock would or could be aggregated with the Holder’s for the purposes of Section 13(d) (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation

(as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of

this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of Warrant Shares which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the

Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject

to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this

Section 2(d)(viii), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not

representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation

contained in this Section 2(d)(viii) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this

Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of, and shall be the sole responsibility of, the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable

(in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have

no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination and shall have no liability for exercises of this Warrant that are not in compliance with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. In addition, a determination as to any group status

as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such

determination and shall have no liability for exercises of this Warrant that are not in compliance with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. For purposes of this Section 2(d)(viii), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common

Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”),

as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral

request of a Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be

determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock

was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be [4.99/9.99]% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this

Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(d)(viii), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of

shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(d)(viii) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the

Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the

terms of this Section 2(d)(viii) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or

desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant. If this Warrant is unexercisable as a result of the Holder’s Beneficial Ownership Limitation,

no alternate consideration shall be owing to the Holder.

3. Certain Adjustments.

(a) Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or

otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any Warrant Shares issued by the

Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of stock share split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of

shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of

Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon

exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant remains unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for

the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or reclassification.

(b) [RESERVED]

(c)

Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time while this Warrant is outstanding the Company grants, issues or sells any securities of the Company which would entitle the holder

thereof to acquire Common Stock or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of all of the shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to

acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without

regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is

taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such

Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result

of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

(d) Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other

distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by

way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction and excluding a stock split) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in

each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this

Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date

as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in

the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such

extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

(e) Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or

more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person and the Company is not the surviving entity (other than reincorporation in a different state or a similar transaction pursuant to which the

surviving company remains a public company), (ii) the Company (and all of its subsidiaries, taken as a whole), directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially

all of the Company’s (including its subsidiaries, taken as a whole) assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or

exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash

or property and has been accepted by the holders of more than 67% of the outstanding voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification,

reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (other than a stock split), or (v) the

Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization,

spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 67% of the outstanding voting power of the common equity of the Company,

(each, a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the

occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(d)(viii) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or

of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for

which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(d)(viii) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise

Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the

Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property

to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor

entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in accordance

with the provisions of this Section 3(e) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange

for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or

its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price

which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number

of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and

substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant and the

other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the

other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein.

(g)

Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share of Common Stock, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed

to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

(h) Notice to Holder.

(i) Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company

shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such

adjustment.

(ii) Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If, while this Warrant is outstanding,

(A) the Company declares a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form (other than a stock split)) on the shares of Common Stock, (B) the Company declares a special nonrecurring cash dividend on, or a redemption of, the shares of

Common Stock, (C) the Company authorizes the granting to all holders of the shares of Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any

stockholders of the Company is required in connection with a Fundamental Transaction, or (E) the Company authorizes the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the

Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective

date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of

shares of Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is

expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the shares of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon

such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be

specified in such notice and provided, further that no notice shall be required if the information is disseminated in a press release or document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. To the extent that any notice provided in this

Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current

Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may

otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

(i) Voluntary Adjustment By Company. Subject to the rules and regulations of the Trading

Market, the Company may at any time during the term of this Warrant, subject to the prior written consent of the Holder, reduce the then current Exercise Price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the board of directors of

the Company.

4. Transfer of Warrant.

(a) Transferability. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including,

without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written Assignment Form duly executed by the Holder or

its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the

assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall

promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall

surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. This Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be

exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

(b) New Warrants. This Warrant

may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its

agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for this Warrant or the Warrants

to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares

issuable pursuant thereto.

maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for

the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

5. Miscellaneous.

(a)

Currency. Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts referred to in this Warrant are in United States Dollars (“U.S. Dollars”). All amounts owing under this Warrant shall be paid in U.S. Dollars. All amounts denominated

in other currencies shall be converted in the U.S. Dollar equivalent amount in accordance with the Exchange Rate on the date of calculation. “Exchange Rate” means, in relation to any amount of currency to be converted into

U.S. Dollars pursuant to this Warrant, the U.S. Dollar exchange rate as published in the Wall Street Journal (NY edition) on the relevant date of calculation.

(b) No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights,

dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a

“cashless exercise” pursuant to Section 2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) and Section 2(d)(iv) herein, in no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.

(c) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence

reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it

(which, in the case of this Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like

tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

(d) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If

the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Trading Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Trading Day.

(e) Authorized Shares. The Company covenants that, during the period this Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized

and unissued shares of Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares underlying this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its

officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may

be issued and delivered, as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be

issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued,

fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending

its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the

terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against

impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value,

(ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable

efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares

for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

(f) Jurisdiction. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be

determined in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Purchase Agreement.

(g) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that

the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and if the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state, federal or foreign securities laws.

(h) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall

operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant or the Securities Purchase Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply

with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable

attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

(i) Notices. Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered by the Holder to the Company shall be

delivered, mailed or sent to the Company at 11555 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, Attention: Executive Chairman, Email: kemurph@vivosim.ai, with a copy to Paul Hastings LLP, 1117 S. California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304,

Attention: Samantha H. Eldredge, Esq., Email: samanthaeldredge@paulhastings.com. Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered by the Company to the Holder shall be delivered, mailed or sent to the Holder at

the address or email address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company.

(j) Limitation of Liability. No provision

hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase

price of any shares of Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

(k) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be

entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to

waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

(l) Successors and

Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted

assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

(m) Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the

Holder.

(n) Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be

interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or

invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

(o) Headings. The

headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

********************

(Signature

Page Follows)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer

thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

VIVOSIM LABS, INC.

By:

Name:

Title:

[Signature Page to Pre-Funded Warrant]

EXHIBIT A

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

TO: VIVOSIM LABS,

INC.

(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached

Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

☐ in lawful money of the United States; or

☐ if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection

2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).

(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

Name of Investing Entity:

Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:

Name of Authorized Signatory:

Title of Authorized Signatory:

Date:

EXHIBIT B

ASSIGNMENT FORM

(To assign the

foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing

Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

Name:

(Please Print)

Address:

(Please Print)

Phone Number:

Email Address:

Dated:

Holder’s Signature:

Holder’s Address:

EX-4.2

Filename: d134319dex42.htm · Sequence: 3

EX-4.2

Exhibit 4.2

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE

SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT

TO PURCHASE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK

VIVOSIM LABS, INC.

Warrant Shares: ________

Issuance Date: July [•], 2026

THIS COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received,

[•] or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the Stockholder Approval Date (as defined below) (the

“Initial Exercise Date”) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the date that is the five (5) year anniversary of the Stockholder Approval Date (the “Termination Date”) but not

thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from VivoSim Labs, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), up to [•] shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”)

(as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”). The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).

1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in that certain Securities

Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), dated July 15, 2026, among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto.

2. Exercise.

(a)

a duly executed facsimile copy or PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the

Exercise nor the authority of the person so executing such Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or

amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased

and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with

hereof.

For the avoidance of doubt, there is no circumstance that would require the Company to net cash settle this Warrant.

(b) Exercise Price. The exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $0.85 subject to adjustment hereunder (the

“Exercise Price”).

statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, by means of a “cashless exercise” in which

the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:

(A)= as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of

Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of

“regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (x) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately

preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (y) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (“Bloomberg”) as of the time of the Holder’s execution of

the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of

“regular trading hours” on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is

both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;

(B) = the Exercise Price, as adjusted hereunder; and

(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such

exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the

Section 2(c).

“Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that

as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the VWAP of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on

OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its

functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the

Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the

following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the

Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the

Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink

Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as

determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

(d) Mechanics of Exercise

(i) Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted to the

(ii) Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a

Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant,

which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

(iii) Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit

to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise by delivering written notice to the Company at any time prior to the Company

delivering such Warrant Shares.

(iv) Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver

Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above

pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date (other than such failure that is solely due to any action or inaction by the Holder with respect to such exercise), and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to

purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving

upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage

commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver, but did not timely deliver, to the Holder in

connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of this Warrant and equivalent number

of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its

exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases shares of Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of

Warrants with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company

written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to

pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock

upon exercise of this Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

(v) No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or

scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash

adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share of Common Stock.

(vi) Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax

for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

(vii) Closing of Books. The

Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

(viii) Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the

right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with (i) the

Holder’s Affiliates, (ii) any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates, and (iii) any other Persons whose beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock would or could be

aggregated with the Holder’s for the purposes of Section 13(d) (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the

foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution

Parties shall include the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of Warrant Shares

which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or

nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the

Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(d)(viii), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act

and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely

responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(d)(viii) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other

securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of, and shall be the sole responsibility of, the Holder, and the submission of a

Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this

Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination and shall have no liability for exercises of this Warrant that are

not in compliance with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations

promulgated thereunder, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination and shall have no liability for exercises of this Warrant that are not in compliance with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation.

For purposes of this Section 2(d)(viii), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or

annual report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”), as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the

Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common

Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or

Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be [4.99/9.99]% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding

immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this

Section 2(d)(viii), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon exercise of this

Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(d)(viii) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The

provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(d)(viii) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent

with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of

this Warrant. If this Warrant is unexercisable as a result of the Holder’s Beneficial Ownership Limitation, no alternate consideration shall be owing to the Holder.

3. Certain Adjustments.

(a) Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or

shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of

which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of

shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant remains unchanged. Any

adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the

effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or reclassification.

(b) [RESERVED]

(c) Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time while this Warrant

is outstanding the Company grants, issues or sells any securities of the Company which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire Common Stock or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of all

of the shares of Common Stock (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the

Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the

date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such

Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to

participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such

time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

(d) Pro Rata

Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of

capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar

transaction and excluding a stock split) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the

Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial

Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such

Distribution (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate

in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until

such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

(e)

Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person and

the Company is not the surviving entity (other than reincorporation in a different state or a similar transaction pursuant to which the surviving company remains a public company), (ii) the Company (and all of its subsidiaries, taken as a whole),

directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s (including its subsidiaries, taken as a whole) assets in one or a series of related

transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares

for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of more than 67% of the outstanding voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions

effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is

effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (other than a stock split), or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions

consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person

or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 67% of the outstanding voting power of the common equity of the Company, (each, a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this

Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any

limitation in Section 2(d)(viii) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the

“Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without

regard to any limitation in Section 2(d)(viii) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the

amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative

value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as

to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the

“Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(e) pursuant to written agreements in

form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written

instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and

receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock

(but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of

protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction,

the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer

instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor Entity

had been named as the Company herein.

(g) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest

cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share of Common Stock, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of

Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

(h) Notice to Holder.

(i) Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company

adjustment.

(ii) Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If, while this Warrant is outstanding, (A) the Company declares a

dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form (other than a stock split)) on the shares of Common Stock, (B) the Company declares a special nonrecurring cash dividend on, or a redemption of, the shares of Common Stock, (C) the

Company authorizes the granting to all holders of the shares of Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for

or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company is required in connection with a Fundamental Transaction, or

(E) the Company authorizes the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Holder at its last facsimile

number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be

taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of shares of Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption,

rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of

the shares of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the

failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice and provided, further that no notice shall be required if the information

is disseminated in a press release or document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public

information regarding the Company or any of its subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to

exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

(i) Voluntary Adjustment By Company. Subject to the rules and regulations of the Trading Market, the Company may at any time during the

term of this Warrant, subject to the prior written consent of the Holder, reduce the then current Exercise Price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the board of directors of the Company.

4. Transfer of Warrant.

(a) Transferability. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including,

exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

(b) New Warrants. This Warrant

issuable pursuant thereto.

Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any

exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

5. Miscellaneous.

(a) Currency. Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts referred to in this Warrant are in United States Dollars (“U.S.

Dollars”). All amounts owing under this Warrant shall be paid in U.S. Dollars. All amounts denominated in other currencies shall be converted in the U.S. Dollar equivalent amount in accordance with the Exchange Rate on the date of

calculation. “Exchange Rate” means, in relation to any amount of currency to be converted into U.S. Dollars pursuant to this Warrant, the U.S. Dollar exchange rate as published in the Wall Street Journal (NY edition) on the

relevant date of calculation.

(b) No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle

the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to

receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant to Section 2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) and Section 2(d)(iv) herein, in no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an

exercise of this Warrant.

Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably

satisfactory to it (which, in the case of this Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock

certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

(d) Saturdays, Sundays,

Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Trading Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding

Trading Day.

(e) Authorized Shares. The Company covenants that, during the period this Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve

from its authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares underlying this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full

authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such

Warrant Shares may be issued and delivered, as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant

Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly

authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation,

amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any

of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant

against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value,

Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares

(f) Jurisdiction. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be

determined in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Purchase Agreement.

(g) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that

(h) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall

(i) Notices. Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered by the Holder to the Company shall be

delivered, mailed or sent to the Company at 11555 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, Attention: Executive Chairman, Email: kemurph@organovo.com. Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered

by the Company to the Holder shall be delivered, mailed or sent to the Holder at the address or email address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company.

(j) Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to

purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any shares of Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such

liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

(k) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to

exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason

of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

(l) Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall

inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of

this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

(m) Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or

amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.

(n) Severability. Wherever

possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be

ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

(o) Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a

part of this Warrant.

********************

(Signature Page Follows)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer

thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

VIVOSIM LABS, INC.

By:

Name:

Title:

[Signature Page to

Common Warrant]

EXHIBIT A

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

TO: VIVOSIM LABS,

INC.

(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached

Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

☐ in lawful money of the United States; or

☐ if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection

2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).

(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

Name of Investing Entity:

Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:

Name of Authorized Signatory:

Title of Authorized Signatory:

Date:

EXHIBIT B

ASSIGNMENT FORM

(To assign the

foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing

Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

Name:

(Please Print)

Address:

(Please Print)

Phone Number:

Email Address:

Dated:

Holder’s Signature:

Holder’s Address:

EX-4.3

Filename: d134319dex43.htm · Sequence: 4

EX-4.3

Exhibit 4.3

AMENDMENT TO

COMMON

STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT

This AMENDMENT TO COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (this “Amendment”) is entered into as of

July 16, 2026, by and between VivoSim Labs, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. (the “Holder”).

WHEREAS, the Company issued to the Holder those certain Common Stock Purchase Warrants (the “Original Warrants”) on

May 13, 2024;

WHEREAS, the Original Warrants are exercisable, in the aggregate, for up to 520,833 shares of the

Company’s Common Stock, par value of $0.001 per share, (the “Shares”), at a per share exercise price equal to $9.60 (as reflected for previous stock splits);

WHEREAS, for the avoidance of doubt, the Company effected a name change on April 24, 2025 to change its name from Organovo

Holdings, Inc. to VivoSim Labs, Inc.

WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 5(l) of the Original Warrants, the Original Warrants may be

modified or amended, or the provisions thereof waived, with the written consent of the Company and the Holder; and

WHEREAS, the

Company and the Holder desire to amend the Original Warrants as set forth in this Amendment.

NOW, THEREFORE, in

consideration of the mutual agreements contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the Company and the Holder hereby agree as

follows, contingent upon, and effective as of, the Company obtaining the Approval (as defined in Section 6 below):

1. Amendment to

Company.

•

The term “Company” in the Original Warrant is hereby amended and restated from “Organovo

Holdings, Inc.” to “Vivosim Labs, Inc.”.

2. Amendment to Expiration Date.

•

The definition of “Expiration Date” in the Original Warrant is hereby amended and restated as

follows: “‘Expiration Date’” means the date that is five (5) years following the anniversary of the Shareholder Approval Date or, if such date falls on a day other than a Business Day or on which

trading does not take place on the Principal Market (a “Holiday”), the next date that is not a Holiday.”

3. Section 1. Definitions. Section 16 of the Original Warrant is amended to include the below definitions:

(o) “Shareholder Approval” means such approval from the stockholders of the Company with respect to the

issuance of the Warrants and the Warrant Shares upon the exercise thereof.

(p) “Shareholder Approval

Date” means the date on which Shareholder Approval is received.

4. Amendment to Exercise Price. On the condition the

Company receives the necessary shareholder approval from the shareholders of the Company to reduce the exercise price of the Original Warrants to $0.85 per share (“Shareholder Approval”), Section 1(b) of the Original Warrants

are hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

“b) Exercise Price. For purposes of this Warrant,

“Exercise Price” means $0.85 per share of Common Stock, subject to adjustment as provided herein.”

5. Amendment to Fundamental Transaction. Section 4(b) of the Original Warrants

are hereby amended and restated in its entirety as follows:

“b) The Company shall not enter into or be party to a Fundamental

Transaction unless the Successor Entity assumes this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section 4(b), including agreements to deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a

written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant, including, without limitation, an adjusted exercise price equal to the value for the shares of Common Stock reflected by the terms of such Fundamental Transaction, and

exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such

Fundamental Transaction, and satisfactory to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the

provisions of this Warrant referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant with the

same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein. Upon consummation of the Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall deliver to the Holder confirmation that there shall be issued upon exercise of this Warrant at

any time after the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction, in lieu of the shares of the Common Stock (or other securities, cash, assets or other property) purchasable upon the exercise of this Warrant prior to such Fundamental Transaction, such

shares of stock, securities, cash, assets or any other property whatsoever (including warrants or other purchase or subscription rights) which the Holder would have been entitled to receive upon the happening of such Fundamental Transaction had this

Warrant been exercised immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, as adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this Warrant. In addition to and not in substitution for any other rights hereunder, prior to the consummation of any

Fundamental Transaction pursuant to which holders of shares of Common Stock are entitled to receive securities or other assets with respect to or in exchange for shares of Common Stock (a “Corporate Event”), the Company shall make

appropriate provision to insure that the Holder will thereafter have the right to receive upon an exercise of this Warrant at any time after the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction but prior to the Expiration Date, in lieu of the shares of

the Common Stock (or other securities, cash, assets or other property) purchasable upon the exercise of the Warrant prior to such Fundamental Transaction, such shares of stock, securities, cash, assets or any other property whatsoever (including

warrants or other purchase or subscription rights) which the Holder would have been entitled to receive upon the happening of such Fundamental Transaction had the Warrant been exercised immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction. If holders

of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following

such Fundamental Transaction. The provisions of this Section 4 shall apply similarly and equally to successive Fundamental Transactions and Corporate Events and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this

Warrant.”

6. Condition Precedent. The effectiveness of this Amendment shall be conditioned on the receipt of approval from

the stockholders of the Company with respect to the issuance of the Warrants and the Warrant Shares (the “Approval”).

7. No Further Amendment. Except as amended by this Amendment, the Original Warrants remain unaltered and shall remain in full force and

effect.

8. Jurisdiction. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Amendment

shall be determined in accordance with Section 10 of the Original Warrants.

9. Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in

any number of counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original and all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. Signatures delivered by electronic mail (including as a PDF file) or other transmission method shall be

deemed to be original signatures, shall be valid and binding, and, upon delivery, shall constitute due execution of this Amendment.

[Signature page follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the Company and the Holder has caused this Amendment to be

executed and delivered by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

COMPANY

VIVOSIM LABS, INC.

By:

/s/ Keith Murphy

Name:

Keith Murphy

Title:

Executive Chairman

HOLDER

ARMISTICE CAPITAL MASTER FUND LTD.

By:

ARMISTICE CAPITAL, LLC

the Investment Manager

By:

/s/ Steven Boyd

Name:

Steven Boyd

Title:

CIO of Armistice Capital, LLC, the Investment Manager

EX-10.1

Filename: d134319dex101.htm · Sequence: 5

EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT

This Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of July 16, 2026, between VivoSim Labs, Inc., a

Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and each of the purchasers identified on the signature pages hereto (including its successors and assigns, the “Purchaser”).

WHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of

Section 5 of the Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulation D thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the

Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants

contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:

ARTICLE I.

DEFINITIONS

1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following

terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:

“Action” shall have the meaning

ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).

“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or

indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

“Applicable Laws” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(jj).

“Authorizations” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(jj).

“Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.

“BHCA” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(ii).

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company, or an authorized committee thereof.

“Business Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States

or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or

required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential

employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial

banks in the City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.

“Closing” means the

closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.

“Closing

Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription

Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the first (1st) Trading Day following the date hereof.

“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001

per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

“Common Stock

Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or its subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other

instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

“Common Warrants” means, collectively, the Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in

accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof, which Common Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to five years from the Closing Date, substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached

hereto.

“Common Warrant Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants.

“Company Counsel” means Paul Hastings LLP.

“Disclosure Schedules” means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.

“Disclosure Time” means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New

York City time) and before midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent, and

(ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight (New York City time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by

the Placement Agent.

“Disqualification Event” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in

Section 3.1(kk).

“Effectiveness Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in

Section 4.1(b).

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and

the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Exempt Issuance” means (i) the issuance of securities to

directors, officers, employees, contractors and consultants of the Company pursuant to employee benefit plans, equity incentive plans or other employee compensation plans existing on the date hereof or plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a

majority of the disinterested directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company and as described in the SEC

Reports or pursuant to Nasdaq Rule 5635(c)(4), (ii) the issuance of securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or the issuance of securities pursuant to the exercise, exchange or conversion of

any options, warrants, restricted stock units, rights or convertible securities outstanding on the date hereof, provided that such options, warrants, restricted stock units, rights or convertible securities have not been amended since the date of

this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations) or to extend the term of such securities,

(iii) securities issued in connection with any joint venture, commercial or collaborative relationship, or the acquisition or license by the Company of the securities, businesses, property or other assets of another person, provided that such

issuance is approved by the majority of the disinterested directors of the Company and provided such securities are issued as restricted securities, (iv) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a

majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration

statement in connection therewith during the prohibition period in Section 4.12, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person or a venture arm of such Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is,

itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds,

(v) issuances of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise or exchange of rights issued pursuant to any shareholder rights agreement entered into between the Company and Transfer Agent, and (vi) the filing of any amendments or supplements

to any existing resale registration statements contained in the SEC Reports.

“Issuer Covered Persons” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in

Section 3.1(kk).

“Lock-Up Agreements” means the lock-up agreements in substantially the form of Exhibit C.

“Material Adverse

Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(a).

“Per Pre-Funded Warrant Purchase Price” means $0.849, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward share splits, share dividends, share combinations and other similar transactions of the shares of Common Stock

that occur after the date of this Agreement.

“Per Share Purchase Price” equals $0.85, subject to adjustment for

reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date.

“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture,

limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

“Placement Agent” means A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners.

“Placement Agency Agreement” means that certain placement agency agreement dated as of the date hereof between the Company

and the Placement Agent.

“Pre-Funded Warrants” means, collectively, the Pre-Funded Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof, in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto.

“Pre-Funded Warrant Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise

of the Pre-Funded Warrants.

“Proceeding” means an action, claim, suit,

investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition) pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened in writing against or affecting the Company, any of its

subsidiaries or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign).

“Purchaser Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.

“Registration Statement” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.20(a).

“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or

interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.

“Rule 424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or

interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.

“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(g).

“Securities” means the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the

rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

“Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable to each

Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.

“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of

Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).

“Stockholder Approval” means such approval as may be required by the applicable rules and regulations of The Nasdaq Stock

Market LLC (or any successor entity) from the stockholders of the Company with respect to the issuance of the Common Warrant Shares upon exercise of the Common Warrants.

“Stockholder Approval Date” means the date on which Stockholder Approval is received and deemed effective.

“Subscription Amount” means, as to the Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for the Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants purchased hereunder as specified below the Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Subscription Amount,” in United

States dollars and in immediately available funds.

“Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is

open for trading.

“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed

or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, the Pre-Funded Warrants, the Common

Warrants, the Lock-Up Agreements, the Placement Agency Agreement, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated

hereunder.

“Transfer Agent” means Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

“Variable Rate Transaction” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(b).

“Warrants” means, collectively, the Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants.

“Warrant Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants.

ARTICLE II.

PURCHASE AND SALE

2.1

Closing. On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase approximately $4 million of the Securities, which

includes, (i) the number of Pre-Funded Warrant Shares set forth under the heading “Subscription Amount” on the Purchaser’s signature page hereto, at the Per Pre-Funded Warrant Purchase Price, and (ii) Common Warrants exercisable for shares of Common Stock as calculated pursuant to Section 2.2(a). Notwithstanding anything herein to the

contrary, to the extent that any Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount would cause such Purchaser’s beneficial ownership of the shares of Common Stock to exceed the Beneficial Ownership

Limitation, or as such Purchaser may otherwise choose, such Purchaser may elect to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu of the Shares as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a). The

“Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, at the election of each Purchaser at Closing, 9.99%) of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Securities

on the Closing Date. Each Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser shall be made available for “Delivery Versus Payment” (“DVP”) settlement with the

Company or its designees. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise (as defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants) delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the

Closing Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of this Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City

time) on the Closing Date and the Closing Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date (as defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants) for purposes hereunder, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (as

defined in the Pre-Funded Warrants) (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received by such Warrant Share Delivery Date. The Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in

Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur remotely or such location as the parties shall mutually

agree. Settlement of the Shares shall occur via DVP when such Purchaser makes payment of the Subscription Amount by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account designated by the Company, upon which payment the Company

shall issue the Shares registered in such Purchaser’s name and address and released by the Transfer Agent directly to the account(s) at the Placement Agent identified by such Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agent shall

promptly electronically deliver such Shares to the Purchaser.

2.2 Deliveries.

(a) On or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:

(i)

this Agreement duly executed by the Company;

(ii)

a legal opinion of Company Counsel in a form reasonably acceptable to the Placement Agent and the Purchasers;

(iii)

the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company’s wire instructions, on Company

letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;

(iv)

subject to the last sentence of Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions

to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) Shares equal to the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount

divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of the Purchaser;

(v)

if applicable, a Pre-Funded Warrant registered in the name of each

Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the difference between (A) the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount applicable to the Pre-Funded Warrants divided by the Pre-Funded Warrant Purchase Price and (B) the number of Shares otherwise issuable to each Purchaser that would cause the Purchaser’s beneficial ownership of Common Stock to be more than the Beneficial

Ownership Limitation with an exercise price equal to $0.001 per share of Common Stock, subject to adjustment therein;

(vi)

a Common Warrant registered in the name of each Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock

equal to 100% of the Purchaser’s Shares, with an exercise price equal to $0.85, subject to adjustment therein;

(vii)

an Officer’s Certificate, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent;

(viii)

a Secretary’s Certificate, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent; and

(ix)

the Lock-Up Agreements duly executed by each executive officer and

director of the Company.

(b) On or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to

the Company the following:

(i)

this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and

(ii)

the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount, which shall be made available for DVP settlement with the Company or

its designees.

2.3 Closing Conditions.

(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:

(i)

the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by

materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such

date);

(ii)

all obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing

Date shall have been performed; and

(iii)

the delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this

Agreement.

(b) The respective obligations of each Purchaser in connection with the Closing are subject to the following

conditions being met:

(i)

the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by

materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such

date);

(ii)

all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing

Date shall have been performed;

(iii)

the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this

Agreement;

(iv)

there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and

(v)

from the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the

Commission or the Company’s principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been

established on securities whose trades are reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material

outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of the Purchaser, makes it

impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing.

ARTICLE III.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be

deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations and

warranties to the Purchaser:

(a) Organization and Good Standing. Each of the subsidiaries of the Company are set forth

on Schedule 3.1(a). Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has been duly incorporated or organized, as applicable, is validly existing and is in good standing (to the extent the concept of good standing is applicable in such jurisdiction)

under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or organization. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has the requisite power and authority to own its properties and conduct its business as currently being carried on and as described in the

SEC Reports, and is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation or other entity in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or ownership of property makes such qualification necessary and in which the

failure to so qualify would have (a) a material adverse effect upon the business, properties, operations, financial condition or results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (b) a material adverse effect

on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under the Transaction Documents (“Material Adverse Effect”).

(b) No Violations or Defaults. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(b), neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries

(A) is in violation of its respective charters, bylaws or other organizational documents, (B) is in breach of or otherwise in default and no event has occurred which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default,

in the performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound or to which any

of its material property or assets is subject, or (C) is in violation in any respect of any law, ordinance, governmental rule, regulation or court order, decree or judgment to which it or its property or assets may be subject, including the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Exchange Act; except, in the case of clauses (A), (B) and (C) of this paragraph (b), for any breaches, violations or defaults which, singularly or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material

Adverse Effect.

Company, and constitutes a valid, legal and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnity hereunder may be limited by federal or state securities laws and except as such enforceability may

be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally and subject to general principles of equity. The Warrants have been duly authorized, and when executed and delivered by the Company,

shall constitute a valid, legal and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable in accordance with their terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting the rights of

creditors generally and subject to general principles of equity. The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions herein and therein contemplated will not (A) conflict with or result

in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant

to any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or

assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject and which is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, (B) result in any violation of the provisions of the Company’s charter or by-laws or (C) result in the violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule, regulation or decree of any court or arbitrator or federal, state, local or foreign governmental agency or regulatory

authority having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their properties or assets (each, a “Governmental Authority”), except in the case of clause (A) or (C) as would not result in a Material

Adverse Effect. No consent, approval, authorization or order of, or registration or filing with any Governmental Authority is required for the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or for the consummation of the transactions

contemplated hereby, including the issuance or sale of the Shares by the Company, except such as may be required under the Securities Act, the rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) or state securities or

blue sky laws; and the Company has full power and authority to enter into the Transaction Documents and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including the authorization, issuance and sale of the Securities as contemplated

by this Agreement.

(d) Filings, Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any

consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and

performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings required pursuant to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Registration Statement, (iii) application(s) to

each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Shares and Warrant Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby, and (iv) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively,

the “Required Approvals”).

(e) Issuance of the Securities; Registration. The Shares are duly authorized and,

when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. When paid for and issued in accordance with this

Agreement, the Warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization

or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally and subject to general principles of equity. The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and

clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of Shares issuable pursuant to this Agreement and shall reserve from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number

of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant to the Common Warrants.

(f) Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company as of the date

hereof is as set forth on Schedule 3.1(f). All of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company, including the outstanding shares of Common Stock, are duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have

been issued in compliance with all federal and state and foreign securities laws, were not issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive rights or other rights to subscribe for or purchase securities that have not been waived in writing, and

the holders thereof are not subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders; the capital stock of the Company, including the Common Stock, conforms in all material respects to the description thereof in the SEC Reports. Except as set

forth on Schedule 3.1(f), (A) there are no preemptive rights or other rights to subscribe for or to purchase, or any restriction upon the voting or transfer of, any shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Company’s charter, by-laws or any agreement or other instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound; and (B) neither the filing of the

Registration Statement nor the offering or sale of the Securities as contemplated by this Agreement gives rise to any rights for or relating to the registration of any shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company (collectively

“Registration Rights”), except as have been validly waived or complied with in connection with the sale of Securities as contemplated by this Agreement. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of

Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports (as defined below), there are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the

Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.

(g) SEC Reports. Except as set forth in Schedule 3.1(g), the Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and

other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two (2) years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company

was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a

timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the

requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in

order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(h) Financial Statements. The financial statements of the Company, together with the

related notes, set forth or incorporated by reference in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and fairly present the financial condition of the Company and its consolidated

subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of operations and changes in cash flows for the periods therein specified in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States consistently applied throughout the

periods involved; the supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement present fairly the information required to be stated therein; all non-GAAP financial information included in the SEC Reports

complies with the requirements of Regulation G and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act; and, except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, there are no material

off-balance sheet arrangements (as defined in Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, Item 303(a)(4)(ii)) or any other relationships with unconsolidated entities or

other persons, that may have a material current effect or, to the Company’s knowledge, material future effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources or significant

components of revenue or expenses. No other financial statements or schedules are required to be included in the SEC Reports. To the Company’s knowledge, the Company’s former independent accounting firm, CBIZ CPAs P.C., (formerly Mayer

Hoffman McCann P.C.), which has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements and schedules filed as a part of the SEC Reports and included in the SEC Reports is (x) an independent public accounting firm within the meaning of

the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations, (y) a registered public accounting firm (as defined in Section 2(a)(12) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”)) and (z) not in violation of the

auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

(i) Absence of Certain Events; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or

Developments. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(i), subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the SEC Reports, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has (i) incurred any material liabilities,

direct or contingent, other than trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices and liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to

generally accepted accounting principles or disclosed in filings made with the SEC; (ii) declared or paid any dividends or made any distribution of any kind with respect to its capital stock; (iii) there has not been any change in the

capital stock of the Company (other than a change in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants, settlement of restricted stock units or conversion of

convertible securities); (iv) any issuance of options, warrants, restricted stock units, convertible securities or other rights to purchase the capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or (v) any event or development that has

had a Material Adverse Effect or any development which could reasonably be expected to result in any Material Adverse Effect. Except for (i) the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement, or (ii) as set forth on Schedule

3.1(i), no material event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects,

properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed prior to the

date that this representation is made.

(j) Absence of Proceedings. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(j), there is not

pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, any action, suit or proceeding (a) to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or (b) which has as the subject thereof any officer or director of the Company or any

subsidiary, any employee benefit plan sponsored by the Company or any subsidiary or any property or assets owned or leased by the Company or any subsidiary before or by any court or Governmental Authority, or any arbitrator (collectively, an

“Action”), which, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to result in any Material Adverse Effect, or would materially and adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under the

Transaction Documents. There are no current or, to the knowledge of the Company, pending, legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings (x) to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject or (y) which has as

the subject thereof any officer or director of the Company or any subsidiary, any employee plan sponsored by the Company or any subsidiary or any property or assets owned or leased by the Company or any subsidiary, that are required to be described

in the SEC Reports by the Securities Act or by the Rules and Regulations and that have not been so described in all material respects.

(k) Labor Relations. No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or, to the

Company’s knowledge, is threatened or imminent, and the Company is not aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of its or its subsidiaries’ principal suppliers, contractors or customers, that would

reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(l) Compliance with Environmental Laws. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports,

neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is (i) in violation of any statute, any rule, regulation, decision or order of any Governmental Authority or any court, domestic or foreign, relating to the use, disposal or release of hazardous

or toxic substances or relating to the protection or restoration of the environment or human exposure to hazardous or toxic substances (collectively, “Environmental Laws”), (ii) owns or operates any real property contaminated with

any substance that is subject to any environmental laws, (iii) is liable for any off-site disposal or contamination pursuant to any Environmental Laws, or (iv) is subject to any claim relating to any

Environmental Laws, which violation, contamination, liability or claim would individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

(m) Ownership of Assets. The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all property (whether real or personal)

described in the SEC Reports as being owned by them which is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, in each case free and clear of all liens, claims, security interests, other encumbrances or defects except such as are

described in the SEC Reports or as would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. The property held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries is held by them under valid, subsisting

and enforceable leases with which the Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance, except where such failure to be in compliance would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(n) Intellectual Property The Company and each of its subsidiaries owns, possesses, or can acquire on reasonable terms, all

Intellectual Property (as defined below) necessary for the conduct of the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ business as now conducted or as described in the SEC Reports to be conducted, except as such failure to own, possess, or acquire

such rights would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Furthermore, except as described in the SEC Reports, (A) to the knowledge of the Company after reasonable investigation (“Knowledge”), there

is no infringement, misappropriation or violation by third parties of any such Intellectual Property, except as such infringement, misappropriation or violation would not result in a Material Adverse Effect; (B) there is no pending or, to the

Knowledge of the Company, threatened, action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the Company’s or any of its subsidiaries’ rights in or to any such Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any objective facts

which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim; (C) the Intellectual Property owned by the Company and its subsidiaries, and to the Knowledge of the Company, the Intellectual Property licensed to the Company and its subsidiaries, has

not been adjudged invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, and there is no pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the validity or scope of any such Intellectual Property;

(D) there is no pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others that the Company or any of its subsidiaries infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates any Intellectual Property or other

proprietary rights of others, and neither the Company or any of its subsidiaries has received any written notice of such claim; and (E) to the Company’s knowledge, no employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is in or has ever

been in violation of any term of any employment contract, patent disclosure agreement, invention assignment agreement, non-competition agreement, non-solicitation

agreement, nondisclosure agreement or any restrictive covenant to or with a former employer where the basis of such violation relates to such employee’s employment with the Company or any of its subsidiaries or actions undertaken by the

employee while employed with the Company or any of its subsidiaries, except as such violation would not result in a Material Adverse Effect. “Intellectual Property” shall mean all patents, patent applications, trademarks,

trademark registrations, service marks, service mark registrations, trade names, copyrights, copyright registrations, licenses, inventions, trade secrets, Internet domain names, Internet domain name registrations, technology, registrations, trade

secret rights, know-how and other intellectual property.

(o) Insurance. The Company and

each of its subsidiaries carries, or is covered by, insurance from insurers of recognized financial responsibility in such amounts and covering such risks as is customary for companies engaged in similar businesses in similar industries; all

policies of insurance and any fidelity or surety bonds insuring the Company or any of its subsidiaries or its business, assets, employees, officers and directors are in full force and effect, except as would not have a Material Adverse Effect; the

Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms of such policies and instruments in all material respects; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing

insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(p) Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and its subsidiaries maintain a system

of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit

preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s

general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Since the end of the latest audited

fiscal year, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over

financial reporting. The Company’s board of directors has, subject to the exceptions, cure periods and the phase in periods specified in the applicable stock exchange rules (“Exchange Rules”), validly appointed an

audit committee to oversee internal accounting controls whose composition satisfies the applicable requirements of the Exchange Rules and the Company’s board of directors and/or the audit committee has adopted a charter that satisfies the

requirements of the Exchange Rules.

(q) Certain Fees. Except for fees payable to the Placement Agent, no brokerage or

finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated

by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with the

transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

(r) Investment Company. The Company is not and, after giving effect to the

offering and sale of the Securities, will not be an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

(s) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act,

and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is

contemplating terminating such registration. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(s), the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or

quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance

with all such listing and maintenance requirements, except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(s). The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and

the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.

(t) Application of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to

render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the

laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to each Purchaser as a result of each Purchaser and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without

limitation as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Purchaser’s ownership of the Securities.

(u)

Disclosure. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided to each Purchaser

or its agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the SEC Reports. The Company understands and

confirms that each Purchaser will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to each Purchaser regarding the Company and its

subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, when taken together as a whole, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material

fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any

representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.

(v) No Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchaser’s

representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or

solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market

on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.

(w) Private Placement. Assuming the accuracy of the

Purchaser’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, no registration under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Securities by the Company to the Purchasers as contemplated

hereby. The issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder does not contravene the rules and regulations of the Trading Market.

(x) No

General Solicitation. Neither the Company nor any Person acting on behalf of the Company has offered or sold any of the Securities by any form of general solicitation or general advertising. The Company has offered the Securities for sale only

to the Purchasers and certain other “accredited investors” within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Securities Act.

(y)

[Reserved].

(z) Tax Status. The Company and its subsidiaries (A) have timely filed all federal, state, local and

foreign income and franchise tax returns required to be filed and (B) are not in default in the payment of any taxes which were payable pursuant to said returns or any assessments with respect thereto, other than any which the Company or any of

its subsidiaries is contesting in good faith; except those, in each of the cases described in clauses (A) and (B) of this paragraph (z), that would not, singularly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

There is no pending material dispute with any taxing authority relating to any of such returns, and the Company has no knowledge of any proposed material liability for any tax to be imposed upon the properties or assets of the Company for which

there is not an adequate reserve reflected in the Company’s financial statements included in the SEC Reports.

(aa) Anti-Bribery

and Anti-Money Laundering Laws. Each of the Company, its subsidiaries, its affiliates and any of their respective officers, directors, supervisors, managers, agents, or employees, each in their respective roles with the Company, has not

violated, its participation in the offering will not violate, and the Company and each of its subsidiaries has instituted and maintains policies and procedures designed to ensure continued compliance in all material respects with, each of the

following laws: anti-bribery laws, including but not limited to, any applicable law, rule, or regulation of any locality in which the Company does business, including but not limited to any applicable law, rule, or regulation promulgated to

implement the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, signed December 17, 1997, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (the “FCPA”), as

amended, the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 (to the extent applicable), or any other applicable law, rule or regulation of similar purposes and scope, or anti-money laundering laws, including but not limited to, applicable federal, state, international,

foreign or other laws, regulations or government guidance regarding anti-money laundering, including, without limitation, Title 18 US. Code section 1956 and 1957, the Patriot Act, the Bank Secrecy Act, and international anti-money laundering

principles or procedures by an intergovernmental group or organization, such as the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering, of which the United States is a member and with which designation the United States representative to the group or

organization continues to concur, all as amended, and any executive order, directive, or regulation pursuant to the authority of any of the foregoing, or any orders or licenses issued thereunder.

(bb) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser’s Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each Purchaser is

acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby. The Company further acknowledges that each Purchaser is not acting as a financial advisor or

fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by each Purchaser or any

of its respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchaser’s purchase of the

Securities. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated

hereby by the Company and its representatives.

(cc) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this

Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) each Purchaser has not been asked by the Company to agree, nor

has each Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term;

(ii) past or future open market or other transactions by the Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement

transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities; (iii) the Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions, if any, to which each Purchaser is a party, directly or

indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Common Stock, and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative”

transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) each Purchaser may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could

reduce the value of the existing stockholders’ equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a

breach of any of the Transaction Documents.

(dd) Regulation M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting

on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities,

(ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the

Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agent in connection with the placement of the Securities.

(ee) Cybersecurity. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) the Company and its

subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating

to the privacy and security of the Company’s or any of its subsidiaries’ information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and

any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively, “IT Systems and Data”) and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or

modification; (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and

security of all IT Systems and Data; and (iii) the Company and its subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with commercially reasonable industry standards and practices.

(ff) Stock Option Plans. Except as described in the SEC Reports, there are no options, warrants, restricted stock units, agreements,

contracts or other rights in existence to purchase or acquire from the Company or any subsidiary of the Company any shares of the capital stock of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company. The description of the Company’s stock option,

stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements (the “Company Stock Plans”), and the options (the “Options”) or other rights granted thereunder, set forth in the SEC Reports accurately and fairly presents the

information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights. Each grant of an Option (A) was duly authorized no later than the date on which the grant of such Option was by its terms to be effective by all

necessary corporate action, including, as applicable, approval by the board of directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee thereof) and any required shareholder approval by the necessary number of votes or written

consents, and the award agreement governing such grant (if any) was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto and (B) was made in accordance in all material respects with the terms of the applicable Company Stock Plan, and all

applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements, including all applicable federal securities laws.

(gg) Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any subsidiary nor, to

the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department

(“OFAC”).

(hh) U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real

property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon a Purchaser’s request.

(ii) Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act

of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls,

directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the

Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.

(jj) Regulatory. Except as described in the SEC Reports and on Schedule 3.1(jj), the Company and its subsidiaries (i) are and at

all times have been in material compliance with all statutes, rules and regulations applicable to the Company including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b(b)),

the regulations promulgated pursuant to such laws, and any successor government programs and comparable state laws, and all other local, state, federal, national, supranational and foreign laws, manual provisions, policies and administrative

guidance relating to the regulation of the Company (collectively, the “Applicable Laws”); (ii) have not received any notice from any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority or third party alleging or asserting

noncompliance with any Applicable Laws or any licenses, exemptions, certificates, approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits, registrations and supplements or amendments thereto required by any such Applicable Laws

(“Authorizations”); (iii) possess all material Authorizations and such Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect and are not in violation of any term of any such Authorizations; (iv) have not received written

notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation arbitration or other action from any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority or third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in

violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations nor is any such claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action threatened; (v) have not received any written notice that any court or

arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority has taken, is taking or intends to take, action to limit, suspend, materially modify or revoke any Authorizations nor is any such limitation, suspension, modification or revocation threatened;

(vi) have filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and that all such

reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were complete and accurate on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission); and (vii) are not a party

to any corporate integrity agreements, monitoring agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, or similar agreements with or imposed by any governmental or regulatory authority.

(kk) No Disqualification Events. With respect to the Securities to be offered and sold hereunder in reliance on Rule 506 under the

Securities Act, none of the Company, any of its predecessors, any affiliated issuer, any director, executive officer, other officer of the Company participating in the offering hereunder, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company’s

outstanding voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term is defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of sale (each, an “Issuer

Covered Person” and, together, “Issuer Covered Persons”) is subject to any of the “Bad Actor” disqualifications described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i) to (viii) under the Securities Act (a

“Disqualification Event”), except for a Disqualification Event covered by Rule 506(d)(2) or (d)(3). The Company has exercised reasonable care to determine whether any Issuer Covered Person is subject to a Disqualification Event.

The Company has complied, to the extent applicable, with its disclosure obligations under Rule 506(e), and has furnished to the Purchasers a copy of any disclosures provided thereunder.

(ll) Other Covered Persons. Other than the Placement Agent, the Company is not aware

of any person (other than any Issuer Covered Person) that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of purchasers in connection with the sale of any Securities.

(mm) Notice of Disqualification Events. The Company will notify the Purchasers and the Placement Agent in writing, prior to the Closing

Date of (i) any Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person and (ii) any event that would, with the passage of time, reasonably be expected to become a Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person, in each

case of which it is aware.

3.2 Representations and Warranties of the Purchaser. Each Purchaser hereby represents and warrants as

of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case such representation or warranty shall be accurate as of such date):

(a) Organization; Authority. Each Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in

good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the

Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by each Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have

been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of the Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by the Purchaser, and

when delivered by each Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of the Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable

principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific

performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

(b) Understandings or Arrangements. Each Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct or

indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation and warranty not limiting the Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the

Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser understands that the Shares, Warrants and the Warrant Shares are “restricted securities” and have not been registered

under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business. Such Purchaser is acquiring such Securities as principal for his, her or its own account and not with a

view to or for distributing or reselling such Securities or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, has no present intention of distributing any of such Securities in violation of the Securities

Act or any applicable state securities law and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state

securities law (this representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell such Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).

(c) Purchaser Status. At the time each Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date

on which it exercises any Warrants, it will be either: (i) an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7)under the Securities Act or (ii) a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined

in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act.

(d) Experience of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, either alone or together with its

representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of

such investment. Each Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.

(e) No General Solicitation. Each Purchaser is not, to each Purchaser’s

knowledge, purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement, article, notice or other communication regarding the Securities published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented at any

seminar or, to the knowledge of such Purchaser, any other general solicitation or general advertisement.

(f) Access to

Information. Each Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i) the opportunity to ask such questions

as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information

about the Company and its financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the

Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. Each Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the Placement Agent nor any

Affiliate of the Placement Agent has provided each Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the Securities nor is such information or advice necessary or desired. Neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate has made or makes any

representation as to the Company or the quality of the Securities and the Placement Agent and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company which each Purchaser agrees need

not be provided to it. In connection with the issuance of the Securities to the Purchaser, neither the Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to the Purchaser.

(g) Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, each Purchaser has not,

nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with the Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time

that each Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution

hereof. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to the Purchaser’s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers, directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, each Purchaser has

maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall

constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.

(h) Brokers. No agent, broker, investment banker, person or firm acting in a similar capacity on behalf of or under the authority of

the Purchaser is or will be entitled to any broker’s or finder’s fee or any other commission or similar fee, directly or indirectly, for which the Company or any of its Affiliates after the Closing could have any liabilities in

connection with this Agreement, any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, or on account of any action taken by the Purchaser in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

(i) Independent Advice. Each Purchaser understands that nothing in this Agreement or any other materials presented by or on behalf of

the Company to the Purchaser in connection with the purchase of the Securities constitutes legal, tax or investment advice.

The Company

acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect the Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this

Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar

transactions in the future.

ARTICLE IV.

OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES

4.1 Transfer Restrictions.

(a) The Securities may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer of Securities

other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, to the Company or to an Affiliate of a Purchaser or in connection with a pledge as contemplated in Section 4.1(b), the Company may require the

transferor thereof to provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such

transfer does not require registration of such transferred Securities under the Securities Act. As a condition of transfer, any such transferee shall agree in writing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement and shall have the rights and

obligations of a Purchaser under this Agreement.

(b) The Purchasers agree to the imprinting, so long as is required by this

Section 4.1, of a legend on any of the Securities in the following form:

[NEITHER] THIS SECURITY [NOR THE

SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE] [HAS NOT] [HAVE] BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF

1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT

SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY [AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY] MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN

ACCOUNT WITH A REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER OR OTHER LOAN WITH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION THAT IS AN “ACCREDITED INVESTOR” AS DEFINED IN RULE 501(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

The Company acknowledges and agrees that a Purchaser may from time to time pledge pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement with a registered

broker-dealer or grant a security interest in some or all of the Securities to a financial institution that is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and, if required under the terms of such

arrangement, such Purchaser may transfer pledged or secured Securities to the pledgees or secured parties. Such a pledge or transfer would not be subject to approval of the Company and no legal opinion of legal counsel of the pledgee, secured party

or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith. Further, no notice shall be required of such pledge. At the appropriate Purchaser’s expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a pledgee or secured party

of Securities may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Securities, including, if the Securities are subject to registration pursuant to Section 4.20 of this Agreement, the preparation and filing of any required

prospectus supplement under Rule 424(b)(3) under the Securities Act or other applicable provision of the Securities Act to appropriately amend the list of selling shareholders thereunder. The Company agrees to cause such legend to be removed

promptly following effectiveness of a Registration Statement (“Effectiveness Date”) and Warrant Shares being issued after the Effectiveness Date shall be free of all legends.

(c) Certificates or book entry statements evidencing the Shares and Warrant Shares shall not contain any legend (including the legend set

forth in Section 4.1(b)), (i) while a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) covering the resale of such security is effective under the Securities Act, (ii) following any sale of such Shares or

Warrant Shares pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), (iii) if requested by a Purchaser, if such Shares or Warrant Shares are eligible for sale under Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants) or (iv) if

such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission). The Company shall cause its counsel to issue a legal opinion to the

Transfer Agent or the Purchaser promptly after the Effectiveness Date if required by the Transfer Agent to effect the removal of the legend hereunder, or if requested by a Purchaser, respectively. If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a

time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the resale of the Warrant Shares, or if such Shares or Warrant Shares may be sold under Rule 144 and the Company is then in compliance with the current public information required under

Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), or if the Shares or Warrant Shares may be sold under Rule 144 without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information required under Rule 144 as to such

Shares or Warrant Shares or if

such legend is not otherwise required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission) then such

Shares and Warrant Shares shall be issued free of all legends. The Company agrees that following the Effectiveness Date, it will, no later than the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the

Standard Settlement Period (as defined below) following the delivery by a Purchaser to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate representing Shares or Warrant Shares, as the case may be, issued with a restrictive legend (such date, the

“Legend Removal Date”), deliver or cause to be delivered to such Purchaser a certificate representing such shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends. The Company may not make any notation on its records or give

instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 4. Certificates or book entry statements for Securities subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the

Transfer Agent to the Purchaser by crediting the account of the Purchaser’s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System as directed by such Purchaser. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard

settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of a certificate representing Shares or Warrant Shares, as the case may be,

issued with a restrictive legend.

In addition to such Purchaser’s other available remedies, the Company shall pay to a Purchaser,

in cash, (i) as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Shares or Warrant Shares (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date such Securities are submitted to the Transfer Agent) delivered for removal of the

restrictive legend and subject to Section 4.1(c), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day five (5) Trading Days after the Legend Removal Date) for each Trading Day after the Legend Removal Date until such certificate is

delivered without a legend and (ii) if the Company fails to (a) issue and deliver (or cause to be delivered) to a Purchaser by the Legend Removal Date a certificate representing the Securities so delivered to the Company by such Purchaser

that is free from all restrictive and other legends and (b) if after the Legend Removal Date such Purchaser purchases (in an open market transaction or otherwise) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by such Purchaser of

all or any portion of the number of shares of Common Stock, or a sale of a number of shares of Common Stock equal to all or any portion of the number of shares of Common Stock, that such Purchaser anticipated receiving from the Company without any

restrictive legend, then an amount equal to the excess of such Purchaser’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses,

if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased (including brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) (the “Buy-In Price”) over the product of (A) such number of Shares or Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to such Purchaser by the Legend Removal Date multiplied by (B) the lowest

closing sale price of the Common Stock on any Trading Day during the period commencing on the date of the delivery by such Purchaser to the Company of the applicable Shares or Warrant Shares (as the case may be) and ending on the date of such

delivery and payment under this Section 4.1(c).

(d) Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, agrees with

the Company that such Purchaser will sell any Securities pursuant to either the registration requirements of the Securities Act, including any applicable prospectus delivery requirements, or an exemption therefrom, and that if Securities are sold

pursuant to a Registration Statement, they will be sold in compliance with the plan of distribution set forth therein, and acknowledges that the removal of the restrictive legend from certificates or book entry statements representing Securities as

set forth in this Section 4.1 is predicated upon the Company’s reliance upon this understanding.

4.2 Furnishing of

Information; Public Information. Until the earliest of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities and (ii) the Common Warrants have expired, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file

within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act, unless the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, in which case it will

comply with the requirements for current publicly available information pursuant to Rule 144(c)(2), except in the event that the Company consummates (a) any transaction or series of related transactions as a result of which any Person (together

with its Affiliates) acquires then outstanding securities of the Company representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting control of the Company; (b) a merger or reorganization of the Company with one or more other entities in which the

Company is not the surviving entity; or (c) a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, where the consummation of such transaction results in the Company no longer subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.

4.3 Integration. The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy

or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it

would require stockholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless stockholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.

4.4 Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the

material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by

the Exchange Act. The Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide each Purchaser or its respective agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes

constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto each Purchaser shall have consented to the receipt of such information and agreed with the Company to keep such information confidential. The

Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and

agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates on the one

hand, and each Purchaser or any of its Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither

the Company nor each Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of the Purchaser, or without the prior consent of the

Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company which names the Purchaser, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly

provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of the Purchaser, or include the name of each Purchaser in any filing with the

Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of the Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission and

(b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide each Purchaser with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b).

4.5 [Reserved].

4.6

[Reserved].

4.7 Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder for

working capital purposes and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company’s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and prior practices) or

(b) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.

4.8 Indemnification of the Purchaser. Subject to the provisions of this

Section 4.8, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person

holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls each Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers,

shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a

“Purchaser Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’

fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any material breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or

in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party,

with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach of such Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents or

any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by

such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful

misconduct), or (c) in connection with the Registration Statement the Company will indemnify each Purchaser Party, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs

(including, without limitation, actual, reasonable and documented attorneys’ fees) and expenses, as incurred, arising out of or relating to (i) any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in such registration

statement, any prospectus or any form of prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus, or arising out of or relating to any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or

necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of any prospectus or supplement thereto, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading, except to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statements or

omissions are based solely upon information regarding such Purchaser Party furnished in writing to the Company by such Purchaser Party expressly for use therein, or (ii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the Securities Act,

the Exchange Act or any state securities law, or any rule or regulation thereunder in connection therewith. If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such

Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to each Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right

to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (x) the employment thereof has been

specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (y) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (z) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel, a material

conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company

will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (1) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (2) to the

extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the

other Transaction Documents or the fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Purchaser Party as determined by a final, non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction. The

indemnification required by this Section 4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred; provided, however,

that if it is subsequently determined by a final, non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction that each Purchaser was not entitled to receive such payments, each Purchaser shall promptly (but

in no event later than five (5) Business Days) return such payments to the Company. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and

any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.

4.9 Reservation of Common Stock. As of the date hereof, the Company

has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement and

the Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Common Warrants.

4.10 Listing of Common Stock. The Company hereby agrees to use

commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading

Market, it will then include in such application all of the Shares and Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares and Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as

possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under

the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing

corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.

4.11 [Reserved].

4.12

Subsequent Equity Sales.

(a) From the date hereof until sixty (60) days after the Effectiveness Date, neither

the Company nor any of its subsidiaries shall (i) issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or (ii) file any registration statement or

amendment or supplement thereto, other than the Registration Statement or filing a registration statement on Form S-8 in connection with any employee benefit plan and/or a registration statement on Form S-4 with respect to securities of the Company to be issued in connection with an acquisition or a business combination.

(b) From the date hereof until six (6) months after the Effectiveness Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering

into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction”

means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a

conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities, or

(B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly

related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit or an “at-the-market offering”, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price regardless of whether shares pursuant to such agreement have actually been issued and regardless of

whether such agreement is subsequently canceled. Any Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.

no Variable Rate Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance.

4.13 Equal Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any

modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties to the

Transaction Documents. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class

and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities or otherwise.

4.14 Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser covenants that neither it nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or

pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions

contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. Each Purchaser covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement

are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, each Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information

included in the Disclosure Schedules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) each Purchaser makes no representation,

warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as

described in Section 4.4, (ii) each Purchaser shall not be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions

contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, and (iii) each Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in

the securities of the Company to the Company or its subsidiaries after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.4.

4.15 [Reserved].

4.16 Exercise Procedures. The form of Notice of Exercise included in the Common

Warrants set forth the totality of the procedures required of each Purchaser in order to exercise the Common Warrants. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of each Purchaser to exercise its Warrants.

Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be

required in order to exercise the Common Warrants. The Company shall honor exercises of the Common Warrants and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.

4.17 Lock-Up Agreements. The Company shall not amend, modify, waive or terminate any provision

of any of the Lock-Up Agreements except to extend the term of the lock-up period and shall enforce the provisions of each Lock-Up

Agreement in accordance with its terms. If any party to a Lock-Up Agreement breaches any provision of a Lock-Up Agreement, the Company shall promptly use its best

efforts to seek specific performance of the terms of such Lock-Up Agreement.

4.18 Form D; Blue

Sky Filings. If applicable, the Company agrees to timely file a Form D with respect to the Securities as required under Regulation D and to provide a copy thereof, promptly upon request of any Purchaser. The Company shall take such action as the

Company shall reasonably determine is necessary in order to obtain an exemption for, or to qualify the Securities for, sale to the Purchasers at the Closing under applicable securities or “Blue Sky” laws of the states of the United

States, and shall provide evidence of such actions (if any, depending on the Company’s determination) promptly upon request of any Purchaser.

4.19 Capital Changes. From the date hereof until thirty (30) days after the Closing Date, the Company shall not undertake a

reverse or forward stock split or reclassification of the Common Stock without the prior written consent of the Purchasers holding a majority in interest of the Securities, except for any reverse or forward stock split or reclassification previously

approved by the Company’s stockholders.

4.20 Registration Statement

(a) As soon as practicable (and in any event within 15 calendar days of the date of this Agreement), the Company shall file a registration

statement on Form S-3, or if Form S-3 is not available, Form S-1 or any successor forms thereto (the “Registration

Statement”), providing for the resale by the Purchasers of the Shares and the Warrant Shares (the “Registrable Securities”). The Company shall use its best efforts to cause the Registration Statement to become effective

within 30 days (45 days in the event the Commission elects to review the Registration Statement) following the Closing Date and to keep such Registration Statement effective at all times until no Purchaser owns any Securities (the

“Effectiveness Period”). In the event that the Commission notifies the Company that it has elected not to review the Registration Statement, the Company shall, subject to applicable law, request acceleration of the Registration

Statement for an effective date that is no later than three (3) Business Days following the date when the Company receives such notification from the Commission.

(b) (b) If: (i) the registration statement described in Section 4.20(a) above is not filed on or prior to it’s the filing

date in Section 4.20 above, or (ii) the Company fails to file with the Commission a request for acceleration of a registration statement in accordance with Rule 461 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, within

five Trading Days of the date that the Company is notified (orally or in writing, whichever is earlier) by the Commission that such registration statement will not be “reviewed” or will not be subject to further review, or

(iii) prior to the effective date of a registration statement, the Company fails to file a pre-effective amendment and otherwise respond in writing to comments made by the Commission in respect of such

registration statement within ten (10) calendar days after the receipt of comments by or notice from the Commission that such amendment is required in order for such registration statement to be declared effective, or (iv) a registration

statement registering for resale all of the Registrable Securities is not declared effective by the Commission by the Effectiveness Date or (v) after the effective date of a registration statement, such registration statement ceases for any

reason to remain continuously effective as to all Registrable Securities included in such registration statement, or the Purchasers are otherwise not permitted to utilize a prospectus therein to resell such Registrable Securities, for more than ten

(10) consecutive calendar days or more than an aggregate of fifteen (15) calendar days (which need not be consecutive calendar days) during any 12-month period (any such failure or breach being

referred to as an “Event”, and for purposes of clauses (i) and (iv), the date on which such Event occurs, and for purpose of clause (ii) the date on which such five (5) Trading Day period is exceeded, and for purpose of

clause (iii) the date which such ten (10) calendar day

period is exceeded, and for purpose of clause (v) the date on which such ten (10) or fifteen (15) calendar day period, as applicable, is exceeded being referred to as “Event

Date”), then, in addition to any other rights the Purchasers may have hereunder or under applicable law, on each such Event Date and on each monthly anniversary of each such Event Date (if the applicable Event shall not have been cured by such

date) until the applicable Event is cured, the Company shall pay to each Holder an amount in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, equal to the product of 2.0% multiplied by the aggregate Subscription Amount paid by such Holder

pursuant to this Agreement. If the Company fails to pay any partial liquidated damages pursuant to this Section in full within seven days after the date payable, the Company will pay interest thereon at a rate of 18% per annum (or such lesser

maximum amount that is permitted to be paid by applicable law) to the Holder, accruing daily from the date such partial liquidated damages are due until such amounts, plus all such interest thereon, are paid in full. The partial liquidated damages

pursuant to the terms hereof shall apply on a daily pro rata basis for any portion of a month prior to the cure of an Event; provided, that in no event shall the aggregate partial liquidated damages payable to a Purchaser pursuant to this

Section 4.20(b) exceed ten percent (10%) of such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount.

In order to facilitate the Company filing a

resale registration statement registering the Securities for resale as contemplated hereby, each Purchaser hereby agrees to provide the Company with, following reasonable advance written request by the Company, an executed selling stockholder

questionnaire in a form reasonably acceptable to such Purchaser and the Company as is customary under the circumstances.

4.21

Stockholder Approval. The Company shall hold a meeting of stockholders at the earliest practicable date after the date hereof, but in no event later than 75 days after the Closing Date for the purpose of obtaining Stockholder Approval, if

required to effect the purpose thereof, with the recommendation of the Board that such proposal be approved, and the Company shall solicit proxies from its stockholders in connection therewith in the same manner as all other management proposals in

such proxy statement and all management-appointed proxyholders shall vote their proxies in favor of such proposal. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain such Stockholder Approval, and request that its officers and directors,

cast their proxies in favor of such proposal. If the Company does not obtain Stockholder Approval at the first meeting, the Company shall call a meeting every ninety (90) days thereafter to seek Stockholder Approval until the earlier of the

date Stockholder Approval is obtained or the Warrants are no longer outstanding.

ARTICLE V.

MISCELLANEOUS

5.1 Termination.

This Agreement may be terminated by each Purchaser by written notice to the Company, or by the Company by written notice to the Purchasers, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before the fifth (5th) Trading Day following the date hereof;

provided, however, that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties)

5.2

Fees and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such

party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for

same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered by the Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any

Securities to the Purchaser.

5.3 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto,

contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been

merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.

5.4 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries

required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or

email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading

Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as

set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the first (1st) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally

recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto. To the

extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file

such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.

5.5 Amendments;

Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Purchasers (excluding any Purchaser that is an officer, director,

employee or other insider of the Company or any of its affiliates) which purchased at least 50.1% in interest of the sum of the Shares and Warrant Shares based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder (or, prior to the Closing, the Company and

each Purchaser) or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts a Purchaser (or multiple

Purchasers) in any material respect, the consent of such disproportionately impacted Purchaser (or at least 50.1% in interest of such multiple Purchasers) shall also be required. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or

requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise

any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.

5.6 Headings. The headings herein are for convenience

only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.

5.7

Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the

prior written consent of each Purchaser (other than by merger). Each Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom each Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in

writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchaser.”

5.8 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. The Placement Agent shall be the third-party beneficiary of the representations and warranties of the

Company in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of each Purchaser in Section 3.2. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and

permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8 and this Section 5.8.

5.9 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents

shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations,

enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or

agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of

Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably

waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party

hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at

the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve

process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under

Section 4.8, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable, actual and documented attorneys’ fees and

other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.

5.10 Survival. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the

Closing and the delivery of the Securities.

5.11 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of

which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign the same

counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of

the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.

5.12 Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be

invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall

use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be

the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.

5.13 Replacement of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the

Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence

reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the

issuance of such replacement Securities.

5.14 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or

granted by law, including recovery of damages, each Purchaser and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by

reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

5.15 Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to each Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction

Document or each Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set

aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common

law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such

enforcement or setoff had not occurred.

5.16 Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any

action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

5.17 Independent Nature of Purchaser’s Obligations and Rights. The obligations

of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance

of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as

a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the

Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary

for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. For reasons of

administrative convenience only, each Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through Thompson Hine LLP, the legal counsel of the Placement Agent, and Thompson Hine, as legal counsel of the Placement Agent,

does not represent any of the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agent The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or

requested to do so by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and

the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.

5.18 Construction. The parties agree that each of them

and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be

employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and

forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.

5.19 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY

OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.

(Signature Pages Follow)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be

duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.

VIVOSIM LABS, INC.

Address for Notice:

11555 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 100,

San Diego,

CA 92121

By:

/s/ Keith Murphy

Name: Keith Murphy

E-mail:

Title: Executive Chairman

With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):

Paul Hastings LLP

1117 S. California Avenue

Palo Alto, CA 94304-1106

Attn: Jeff Hartlin; Samantha Eldredge

Email: jeffhartlin@paulhastings.com; samanthaeldredge@paulhastings.com

[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]

[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized

signatories as of the date first indicated above.

Name of Purchaser:

Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser:

Name of Authorized Signatory:

Title of Authorized Signatory:

Email Address of Authorized Signatory:

Facsimile Number of Authorized Signatory:

Address for Notice to Purchaser:

Address for Delivery of Warrants to Purchaser (if not same as address for notice):

Subscription Amount: $

Pre-Funded Warrant Shares: ________ Beneficial Ownership Blocker ☐ 4.99% or

☐ 9.99%

Common Warrant Shares: _____ Beneficial Ownership Blocker ☐ 4.99% or ☐ 9.99%

EIN Number: ____________________

☐ Notwithstanding

anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i) the obligations of the above-signed to purchase the securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations

of the Company to sell such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded, (ii) the Closing shall occur by the first (1st) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and

(iii) any condition to Closing contemplated by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i) above) that required delivery by the Company or the above-signed of any agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase

price (as applicable) shall no longer be a condition and shall instead be an unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable)

to such other party on the Closing Date.

Exhibit A

Form of

Common Warrant

(See

attached)

Exhibit B

Form of Pre-Funded Warrant

(See attached)

Exhibit C

Form of Lock-Up Agreement

(See attached)

EX-10.2

Filename: d134319dex102.htm · Sequence: 6

EX-10.2

Exhibit 10.2

PLACEMENT AGENCY AGREEMENT

July 16, 2026

Keith Murphy

Executive Chairman

VivoSim Labs, Inc.

11555 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 100

San Diego, CA 92121

Dear Mr. Murphy:

This agreement (the

“Agreement”) constitutes the agreement between A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (the “Placement Agent”) and VivoSim Labs, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), that the Placement Agent

shall serve as the exclusive placement agent for the Company, on a “reasonable best efforts” basis, in connection with the proposed placement (the “Placement”) of unregistered (i) shares (the

“Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), (ii) pre-funded Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase shares of Common

Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), and (iii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock (the “Common Warrants”). The Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants, the Common Warrants, and the shares of Common Stock underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants are hereinafter referred to as the

“Securities.” The Securities will be offered in a private placement exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The terms of the Placement shall be

mutually agreed upon by the Company, Placement Agent and the purchasers of the Securities (each, a “Purchaser” and collectively, the “Purchasers”) and nothing herein constitutes that the Placement Agent would

have the power or authority to bind the Company or any Purchaser or an obligation for the Company to issue any Securities or complete the Placement. This Agreement and the documents executed and delivered by the Company and the Purchasers in

connection with the Placement, including the Purchase Agreement (as hereinafter defined) shall be collectively referred to herein as the “Transaction Documents.” Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, payment of the purchase

price for, and delivery of, the Securities shall be made at one or more closings (each a “Closing” and the date on which each Closing occurs, a “Closing Date”). The Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that

the Placement Agent’s obligations hereunder are on a best efforts basis only and that the execution of this Agreement does not constitute a legal or binding commitment by the Placement Agent to purchase the Securities or introduce the Company

to investors and does not ensure the successful placement of the Securities or any portion thereof or the success of the Placement Agent with respect to securing any other financing on behalf of the Company. The Placement Agent may retain other

brokers or dealers to act as sub-agents or selected-dealers on its behalf in connection with the Placement. The sale of the Securities to any Purchaser will be evidenced by a securities purchase agreement (the

“Purchase Agreement”) between the Company and such Purchaser in a form reasonably acceptable to the Company and the Placement Agent. Capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given to such terms in

the Purchase Agreement. Prior to the signing of the Purchase Agreement, officers of the Company will be available to answer inquiries from prospective Purchasers.

Section 1. Representations and Warranties of the Company; Covenants of the Company.

(a) Representations of the Company. Each of the representations and warranties (together with any related disclosure schedules thereto)

and covenants made by the Company to the Purchasers in the Purchase Agreement in connection with the Placement is hereby incorporated herein by reference into this Agreement (as though fully restated herein) and is, as of the date of this Agreement

and as of the Closing Date, hereby made to, and in favor of, the Placement Agent. In addition to the foregoing, the Company represents and warrants that:

(i) Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in the Purchase Agreement, no

registration under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Securities.

(ii) There are no affiliations

with any Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) member firm among the Company’s officers, directors or, to the knowledge of the Company, any ten percent (10.0%) or greater stockholder of the Company.

(b) Covenants of the Company. The Company further covenants and agrees with the Placement Agent as follows:

(i) Blue Sky Compliance. The Company will cooperate with the Placement Agent and the Purchasers in endeavoring to

qualify the Securities for sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions (United States and foreign) as the Placement Agent and the Purchasers may reasonably request and will make such applications, file such documents, and furnish such

information as may be reasonably required for that purpose, provided that the Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction where it is not now so qualified

or required to file such a consent, and provided further that the Company shall not be required to produce any new disclosure document. The Company will, from time to time, prepare and file such statements, reports and other documents as are or may

be required to continue such qualifications in effect for so long a period as the Placement Agent may reasonably request for distribution of the Securities. The Company will advise the Placement Agent promptly of the suspension of the qualification

or registration of (or any such exemption relating to) the Securities for offering, sale or trading in any jurisdiction or any initiation or threat of any proceeding for any such purpose, and in the event of the issuance of any order suspending such

qualification, registration or exemption, the Company shall use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal thereof at the earliest possible moment.

(ii) Transfer Agent. The Company will maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the shares of Common

Stock.

Section 2. Representations of the Placement Agent. The Placement Agent represents and warrants that it

(i) is a member in good standing of FINRA, (ii) is registered as a broker/dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and the securities laws of each state in which an offer or sale

of Securities is made (unless exempted from the

respective state’s broker-dealer registration requirements), (iii) is licensed as a broker/dealer under the laws of the states applicable to the offers and sales of the Securities by such

Placement Agent, (iv) is and will be a corporate body validly existing under the laws of its place of incorporation, and (v) has full power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement. The Placement Agent

will immediately notify the Company in writing of any change in its status as such. The Placement Agent covenants that it will use its reasonable best efforts to conduct the Placement hereunder in compliance with the provisions of this Agreement and

the requirements of applicable law.

Section 3. Compensation. In consideration of the services to be provided for

hereunder, the Company shall pay to the Placement Agent or its designee its pro rata portion (based on the Securities placed) of the following compensation with respect to the Securities which it is placing:

(a) A cash fee (the “Cash Fee”) equal to an aggregate of 6.50% of the aggregate Subscription Price paid by each Purchaser.

The Cash Fee shall be paid at each Closing.

(b) Subject to compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(f)(2)(D), the Company also agrees to reimburse

the Placement Agent for actual, reasonable and documented out-of-pocket accountable legal expenses of its legal counsel, in an amount not to exceed an aggregate of

$70,000 (inclusive of any advances received by the Placement Agent from the Company) and a non-accountable expense allowance that shall not exceed $15,000. The Company will reimburse Placement Agent directly

upon the Closing from the gross proceeds raised in the Placement.

Section 3(a), calculated in the manner set forth herein with respect to any public or private offering, equity-linked, preferred, convertible or debt securities, or other financing or capital-raising transaction of any kind (“Tail

Financing”) to the extent that such Tail Financing is both (i) provided to the Company by investors that were specifically introduced to the Company by the Placement Agent during the term of this Agreement, investors that contacted

the Placement Agent, or investors that participate in this Placement; and (ii) consummated at any time within the nine (9)-month period following the expiration or termination of this Agreement. The issuance of any stock or equity of the

Company to its officers, directors, employees, or consultants shall not be deemed a Tail Financing.

(d) The Placement Agent reserves the

right to reduce any item of its compensation or adjust the terms thereof as specified herein in the event that a determination shall be made by FINRA to the effect that such Placement Agent’s aggregate compensation is in excess of FINRA rules

or that the terms thereof require adjustment.

Section 4. Engagement Term. The Placement Agent’s engagement

hereunder shall be until the earlier of (i) the Closing Date and (ii) August 15, 2026 (the “Termination Date”), provided, however, the Placement Agent may terminate this Agreement prior to the Termination

Date if it reasonably determines that it is unsatisfied with the results of its due diligence investigation, notwithstanding its best efforts to complete the Placement. The Company may terminate the engagement hereunder for any reason prior to the

Termination Date. If this Agreement expires or terminates prior to the completion of the Placement, the Company shall reimburse expenses incurred by the Placement Agent, pursuant to Section 3 hereof but in no event greater than the

amounts set forth in Section 3, up to and including the Termination Date. The Placement Agent may not use any confidential information concerning the Company provided by the Company for any purposes other than those contemplated under

this Agreement.

Section 5. Placement Agent Information. The Company agrees that any

information or advice rendered by the Placement Agent in connection with this engagement is for the confidential use of the Company only in their evaluation of the Placement and, except as otherwise required by law, the Company will not disclose or

otherwise refer to the advice or information in any manner without the Placement Agent’s prior written consent.

Section 6. Indemnification.

(a) To the extent permitted by law, with respect to the Securities, the Company shall indemnify the Placement Agent and its

affiliates, stockholders, directors, officers, employees, members, and controlling persons (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act) against all losses, claims, damages, expenses, and

liabilities, as the same are incurred (including reasonable actual and documented fees and expenses of counsel), relating to or arising out of its activities hereunder or pursuant to this Agreement including claims related to the best efforts public

offering conducted by the Company represented by the Placement Agency Agreement, entered into by and between the Company and Joseph Gunnar & Co., LLC on March 31, 2026 (the “March 2026 Agreement”), except to the

extent that any losses, claims, damages, expenses, or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) are found in a final judgment (not subject to appeal) by a court of law to have resulted primarily and directly from the Placement Agent’s fraud,

bad faith, willful misconduct or gross negligence in performing the services described herein. Notwithstanding anything set forth herein to the contrary, the Company agrees to indemnify the Placement Agent, to the fullest extent set forth in this

Section 6, against any and all claims asserted by any person or entity alleging that the Placement Agent was not permitted or entitled to act as a placement agent herein, or that the Company was not permitted to hire or

retain the Placement Agent herein, including but not limited to any claims arising out of any purported right of first refusal another person or entity claims to have to act as a placement agent or any similar role with respect to the Company or its

securities; provided, that the foregoing indemnity in this sentence shall not apply to the extent such claim arises from the Placement Agent’s own fraud, bad faith, willful misconduct, or gross negligence of this Agreement.

(b) Promptly after receipt by the Placement Agent of notice of any claim or the commencement of any action or proceeding with respect to which

the Placement Agent is entitled to indemnity hereunder, the Placement Agent will immediately notify the Company in writing of such claim or of the commencement of such action or proceeding, but failure or delay by the Placement Agent to so notify

the Company shall not relieve the Company from any obligation it may have hereunder, except and only to the extent such failure results in the forfeiture by the Company of substantial rights and defenses or materially adversely impacts the Company.

If the Company so elects or is requested by the Placement Agent, the Company will assume the defense of such action or proceeding and will employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent and will pay the actual, reasonable and

documented fees and expenses of such counsel. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the Placement Agent will be entitled to employ its own counsel separate from counsel for the Company and from any other party in such action if counsel for the

Placement Agent reasonably determines that it would be a conflict of interest under the

applicable rules of professional responsibility for the same counsel to represent both the Company and the Placement Agent. In such event, the reasonable fees and disbursements of no more than

one such separate counsel will be paid by the Company, in addition to reasonable fees of local counsel. The Company will have the right to settle the claim or proceeding, provided that the Company will not settle any such claim, action,

or proceeding without the prior written consent of the Placement Agent, which will not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. The Company will not be liable for settlement of any action effected without its written consent, which may not

be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed.

it or any other person of any claim or the commencement of any action or proceeding relating to a transaction contemplated by this Agreement or the March 2026 Agreement.

(d) If for any reason the foregoing indemnity is unavailable to the Placement Agent or insufficient to hold the Placement Agent harmless,

other than as a result of the Placement Agent’s fraud, bad faith, willful misconduct or gross negligence, then the Company shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by the Placement Agent as a result of such losses, claims, damages, or

liabilities in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Placement Agent on the other, but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Placement

Agent on the other that resulted in such losses, claims, damages, or liabilities, as well as any relevant equitable considerations. The amounts paid or payable by a party in respect of losses, claims, damages, and liabilities referred to above shall

be deemed to include any actual, reasonable and documented legal or other fees and expenses incurred in defending any litigation, proceeding, or other action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions hereof, the Placement Agent’s share of the

liability hereunder shall not be in excess of the amount of fees actually received, or to be received, by the Placement Agent under this Agreement (excluding any amounts received as reimbursement of expenses incurred by the Placement Agent).

(e) The provisions of this Section 6 will remain in full force and effect, survive the expiration or termination of this

Agreement, and be in addition to any liability that the Company might otherwise have to any indemnified party under this Agreement or the March 2026 Agreement, whether or not the transaction contemplated by this Agreement is completed.

Section 7. No Fiduciary Relationship. This Agreement does not create, and shall not be construed as creating rights

enforceable by any person or entity not a party hereto, except those entitled hereto by virtue of the indemnification provisions of Section 6 hereof. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Placement Agent is not and shall not be construed

as a fiduciary of the Company and shall have no duties or liabilities to the equity holders or the creditors of the Company or any other person by virtue of this Agreement or the retention of such Placement Agent hereunder, all of which are hereby

expressly waived.

Section 8. Closing. The obligations of the Placement Agent, and the closing

of the sale of the Securities hereunder are subject to the accuracy, when made and on each Closing Date, of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company and its subsidiaries contained herein and in the Purchase Agreement, to the

accuracy of the statements of the Company and its subsidiaries made in any certificates pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the Company and its subsidiaries of their obligations hereunder, and to each of the following additional

terms and conditions, except as otherwise disclosed to, and acknowledged and waived by, the Placement Agent:

(a) All corporate

proceedings and other legal matters incident to the authorization, form, execution, delivery and validity of each of this Agreement, the Purchase Agreement, the Securities, and all other legal matters relating to this Agreement and the Purchase

Agreement, and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby shall be reasonably satisfactory in all material respects to counsel for the Placement Agent, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel all documents and information that

they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.

(b) The Placement Agent shall have received from outside counsel to

the Company such counsel’s written opinions, addressed to the Placement Agent and the Purchasers and dated as of the Closing Date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent.

(c) On each Closing Date, Placement Agent shall have received a certificate of the chief executive officer of the Company, dated as of the

Closing Date, to the effect that, as of the date of this Agreement and as of the applicable date, the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein and in the Purchase Agreement were and are accurate in all material respects, except

for such changes as are contemplated by this Agreement and except as to representations and warranties that were expressly limited to a state of facts existing at a time prior to the applicable Closing Date, and that, as of the applicable date, the

obligations to be performed by the Company hereunder on or prior thereto have been fully performed in all material respects.

(d) On each

Closing Date, Placement Agent shall have received a certificate of the Secretary of the Company, dated, as applicable, as of the date of such Closing, certifying to the organizational documents, good standing in the state of incorporation of the

Company and board resolutions relating to the Placement of the Securities from the Company.

(e) Neither the Company nor any of its

subsidiaries (i) shall have sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements (the “Financial Statements Date”) included in the Company’s filings (the “SEC Filings”) with the

Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) pursuant to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, any loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood, terrorist act or other calamity, whether or

not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth in or contemplated by the SEC Filings, (ii) since the Financial Statements Date, except as disclosed in the SEC

Filings, there shall not have been any change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in or affecting the business, general affairs,

management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries, and (iii) since the Financial Statements Date there shall not have been any new or renewed inquiries by the

Commission, FINRA or any other regulatory body regarding the Company, the effect of which, in any such case described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii), is, in the reasonable judgment of the Placement Agent, so material and adverse as to make it

impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the sale or delivery of the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

(f) The Common Stock is registered under the Exchange Act and, as of the Closing Date, the

Shares and the shares of Common Stock underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants shall be listed and admitted and authorized for trading on the Trading Market or other applicable U.S. national

exchange, or an application for such listing shall have been submitted to the Trading Market, and satisfactory evidence of such action shall have been provided to the Placement Agent. The Company shall have taken no action designed to, or likely to

have the effect of terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting or suspending from trading the Common Stock from the Trading Market or other applicable U.S. national exchange, nor has the Company received any

information suggesting that the Commission or the Trading Market or other U.S. applicable national exchange is contemplating terminating such registration or listing.

(g) No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any governmental

agency or body which would, as of the Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities or materially and adversely affect, or would reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect, the business or operations of the Company; and

no injunction, restraining order or order of any other nature by any federal or state court of competent jurisdiction shall have been issued as of the Closing Date which would prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities or materially and

adversely affect, or would reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect, the business or operations of the Company.

(h) The

Company shall have prepared and filed, or shall promptly file after the Closing as required under the rules of the Commission, with the Commission a Form 8-K with respect to the Placement, including this

Agreement as an exhibit thereto.

(i) The Company shall have entered into a Purchase Agreement with each of the Purchasers and such

agreements shall be in full force and effect and shall contain representations, warranties and covenants of the Company as agreed between the Company and the Purchasers.

(j) FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the terms and arrangements of this Agreement. In addition, the

Company shall, if requested by the Placement Agent, make or authorize Placement Agent’s counsel to make on the Company’s behalf, any filing with the FINRA Corporate Financing Department pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110 with respect to the

Placement and pay all filing fees required in connection therewith.

If any of the conditions specified in this Section 8 shall not have been

fulfilled when and as required by this Agreement, or if any of the certificates, opinions, written statements or letters furnished to the Placement Agent or to Placement Agent’s counsel pursuant to this Section 8 shall not be

reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Placement Agent and to Placement Agent’s legal counsel, all obligations of the Placement Agent hereunder may be cancelled by the Placement Agent at, or at any time prior to, the consummation

of the Closing. Notice of such cancellation shall be given to the Company in writing or orally. Any such oral notice shall be confirmed promptly thereafter in writing.

Section 9. Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction,

validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each

party agrees that all legal actions or proceedings (each, an “Action or Proceeding”) concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether

brought against a party hereto or its affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby

irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated

hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the

jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Action or Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such

Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall

constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding

to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 6, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the

non-prevailing party for its reasonable, actual and documented attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.

Section 10. Entire Agreement/Misc. This Agreement embodies the entire agreement and understanding between the parties hereto,

and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, relating to the subject matter hereof, including the Engagement Agreement. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, such determination

will not affect such provision in any other respect or any other provision of this Agreement, which will remain in full force and effect. This Agreement may not be amended or otherwise modified or waived except by an instrument in writing signed by

both Placement Agent and the Company. The representations, warranties, agreements and covenants contained herein shall survive the closing of the Placement and delivery of the Securities. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts,

all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party, it being understood that both parties need not sign the

same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or a .pdf format file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with

the same force and effect as if such facsimile or .pdf signature page were an original thereof.

Section 11. Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or

deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile

number or email attachment at the email address specified on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after time of transmission, if such notice or

communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day,

(c) the first (1st) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized air courier service, or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is

required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages hereto.

Section 12. Press Announcements. The Company agrees that the Placement Agent shall, from and after each Closing, have the

right to reference the Placement and the Placement Agent’s role in connection therewith in the Placement Agent’s marketing materials and on its website and to place advertisements in financial and other newspapers and journals, in each

case at its own expense.

[The remainder of this page has been intentionally left blank.]

Please confirm that the foregoing correctly sets forth our agreement by signing and returning to the

Placement Agent the enclosed copy of this Agreement.

Very truly yours,

A.G.P./ALLIANCE GLOBAL PARTNERS

By:

/s/ Thomas Higgins

Name:

Thomas Higgins

Title:

Managing Director

Address for notice:

590 Madison Avenue, 28th Floor

New

York, New York 10022

Agreed and accepted to as of the date first written above:

VIVOSIM LABS, INC.

By:

/s/ Keith Murphy

Name:

Keith Murphy

Title:

Executive Chairman

Address for notice:

11555 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 100,

San Diego, CA 92121

Email:

[Signature Page to VIVS July 2026 Placement Agency Agreement]

EX-99.1

Filename: d134319dex991.htm · Sequence: 7

EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

VivoSim Announces Pricing of $4.0 Million Private Placement Priced

At-the-Market Under Nasdaq Rules with a Single Healthcare Focused Institutional Investor

SAN DIEGO, July 16, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — VivoSim Labs, Inc. (Nasdaq: VIVS) (the “Company” or “VivoSim”), a provider of

next-generation New Approach Methodologies (NAM) 3d human cellular models for preclinical safety, today announced that it has entered into a securities purchase agreement with a single healthcare focused institutional investor for the purchase and

sale of 4,705,883 shares of common stock (or common stock equivalents in lieu thereof) and warrants to purchase up to 4,705,883 shares of common stock at an effective combined price of $0.85 per share and accompanying common warrant for aggregate

gross proceeds of approximately $4.0 million, before deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses. The warrants will have an exercise price of $0.85 per share, will become exercisable immediately following receipt of shareholder

approval and will expire five years from the initial exercise date.

The Company also has agreed that certain existing May 2024 warrants to purchase up to

520,833 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $9.60 per share will be amended such that the warrants will have a reduced exercise price of $0.85 per share. The warrant amendment is subject to stockholder approval, and the warrants shall

expire five years from the date stockholder approval is obtained.

The closing of the offering is expected to occur on or about July 17, 2026,

subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. The Company expects to use the net proceeds from the offering for working capital and general corporate purposes.

A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners is acting as the sole placement agent in connection with the offering.

The offer and sale of the foregoing securities is being made in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirement under Section 4(a)(2) of the

Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder, and applicable state securities laws, and the securities have not been and will not initially be registered under the Securities Act,

or applicable state securities laws. Accordingly, the securities may not be offered or sold in the United States except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities

Act and such applicable state securities laws. Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase agreement entered into with the investor, the Company has agreed to file a registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the

“SEC”) covering the resale of the shares of common stock and shares of common stock underlying common warrants sold in the offering.

This

press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy these securities, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or other jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful

prior to the registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or other jurisdiction.

About VivoSim Labs

VivoSim Labs, Inc. (“VivoSim” and the “Company”), is a pharmaceutical and biotechnology services company that is focused on providing

testing of drugs and drug candidates in three-dimensional (“3D”) human tissue models of liver and intestine. The Company offers partners liver and intestinal toxicology insights using its new approach methodologies (“NAM”)

models. The Company anticipates accelerated adoption of human tissue models following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) Roadmap to refine animal testing requirements in favor of these

non-animal NAM methods. VivoSim Labs operates from San Diego, CA. Visit www.vivosim.ai.

Forward-Looking Statements

Any statements contained in this press release that do not describe historical facts constitute forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the

Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any forward-looking statements contained herein are based on current expectations but are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding

NAMkind™, including target turnaround time and its potential to help users de-risk their pipelines, avoid costly downstream failures, reduce rework,

prioritize the right assets, move faster, save millions and reduce risk; VivoSim’s commercial presence across Asia-Pacific; the evaluation and acceptance of scientifically robust NAM-based evidence; the

Company’s ability to capture growing demand in the in vitro toxicology testing market; demand for human-relevant toxicology; the market opportunity and market size of gastrointestinal in vitro models and toxicology services; and the

Company’s scaling capacity to support expanding global demand and development needs. Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance and actual actions or events could differ materially from those contained in such

statements. These risks and uncertainties and other factors are identified and described in more detail in the Company’s filings with the SEC, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC

on July 14, 2026. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. These cautionary statements should be considered with any written or oral forward-looking statements

that the Company may issue in the future. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, the Company does not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to reflect

actual results, later events, or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Contact(s):

Investor Relations

info@vivosim.ai

VivoSim Labs, Inc.

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- Definition

Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

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dei_TradingSymbol

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- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Securities Act

-Number 230

-Section 425

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