Groowe Groowe BETA / Newsroom
⏱ News is delayed by 15 minutes. Sign in for real-time access. Sign in

Form 8-K

sec.gov

8-K — ERIE INDEMNITY CO

Accession: 0001628280-26-026857

Filed: 2026-04-23

Period: 2026-04-21

CIK: 0000922621

SIC: 6411 (INSURANCE AGENTS BROKERS & SERVICES)

Item: Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Item: Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

Item: Other Events

Item: Financial Statements and Exhibits

Documents

8-K — erie-20260421.htm (Primary)

EX-99.1 (ex-99103312026.htm)

EX-99.2 (ex-99203312026.htm)

GRAPHIC (ex991image06302022.gif)

XML — IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT (R1.htm)

8-K

8-K (Primary)

Filename: erie-20260421.htm · Sequence: 1

erie-20260421

0000922621false00009226212026-04-212026-04-21

Top of the Form

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported): April 21, 2026

ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania 0-24000 25-0466020

(State or other jurisdiction (Commission (IRS Employer

of incorporation) File Number) Identification No.)

100 Erie Insurance Place, Erie, Pennsylvania 16530

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 814 870-2000

Not applicable

Former name or former address, if changed since last report

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐  Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐  Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐  Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐  Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Class A common stock,  stated value $0.0292 per share ERIE NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

(Title of each class) (Trading Symbol) (Name of each exchange on which registered)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Top of the Form

Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On April 23, 2026, Erie Indemnity Company (the “Company”) issued a press release announcing financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2026. Copies of the press release and financial information are attached hereto and are incorporated herein by reference as Exhibit 99.1 and Exhibit 99.2, respectively.

On April 24, 2026 at 10:00 a.m. the Company will provide a pre-recorded Webcast that is complementary to the press release announcing financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2026.

Item 5.07 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

(a) The Company held its 101st Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Annual Meeting”) on April 21, 2026. On the record date for the Annual Meeting, the Company had 2,542 shares of Class B common stock outstanding, which had the exclusive right to vote on all matters presented for consideration at the meeting.

(b) At the Annual Meeting, shareholders of the Company re-elected the 10 incumbent directors and one new director to serve on the Company's Board of Directors for a one-year term. The names of the elected directors and voting results appear below. None of the shareholders who voted for the election of Directors withheld authority or abstained.

For

J. Ralph Borneman, Jr. 2,542

Eugene C. Connell 2,542

Salvatore Correnti 2,542

LuAnn Datesh 2,542

William D. Edwards 2,542

Jonathan Hirt Hagen 2,542

Thomas B. Hagen 2,542

C. Scott Hartz 2,542

Brian A. Hudson, Sr. 2,542

Thomas W. Palmer 2,542

Elizabeth Hirt Vorsheck 2,542

(c) In accordance with the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, shareholders were asked to approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the Company's named executive officers as disclosed in the Company's 2026 Information Statement. The compensation of the named executive officers was unanimously approved by the 2,542 votes cast.

Top of the Form

Item 8.01 Other Events.

(a) At its meeting on April 21, 2026, the Company's Board of Directors approved the following quarterly dividend on shares of Erie Indemnity Company Class A common stock:

Dividend Number: 384

Class A Rate Per Share: $1.4625

Declaration Date: April 21, 2026

Ex-Dividend Date: July 7, 2026

Record Date: July 7, 2026

Payable Date: July 21, 2026

(b) In addition to his re-election to the Board, Jonathan Hirt Hagen was elected Chairman of the Board. Thomas B. Hagen, also re-elected to the Board, will serve as Chairman Emeritus. Thomas B. Hagen previously served as Chairman since 2007.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.

Exhibit 99.1 Press Release

Exhibit 99.2 Financial Information

Exhibit 104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

Top of the Form

Exhibit Index

Exhibit No.   Description

99.1

Press Release

99.2

Financial Information

104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

Top of the Form

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Erie Indemnity Company

April 23, 2026   By:   /s/ Julie M. Pelkowski

Name: Julie M. Pelkowski

Title: Executive Vice President & CFO

EX-99.1

EX-99.1

Filename: ex-99103312026.htm · Sequence: 2

Document

Exhibit 99.1

Erie Indemnity Reports First Quarter 2026 Results

Net Income was $150.5 million, Earnings per Diluted Share was $2.88

Erie, Pa., April 23, 2026 - Erie Indemnity Company (NASDAQ: ERIE) today announced financial results for the quarter ending March 31, 2026. Net income was $150.5 million, or $2.88 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2026, compared to $138.4 million, or $2.65 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2025.

1Q 2026

(in thousands) 1Q'26 1Q'25

Operating income $ 166,787  $ 151,376

Investment income 22,119  19,536

Other income 1,420  3,834

Income before income taxes 190,326  174,746

Income tax expense 39,852  36,329

Net income $ 150,474  $ 138,417

1Q 2026 Highlights

Operating income before taxes increased $15.4 million, or 10.2 percent, in the first quarter of 2026 compared to the first quarter of 2025.

•Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services increased $31.4 million, or 4.2 percent, in the first quarter of 2026 compared to the first quarter of 2025.

•Management fee revenue - administrative services increased $1.8 million, or 10.4 percent, in the first quarter of 2026 compared to the first quarter of 2025.

•Cost of operations - policy issuance and renewal services

◦Commissions increased $28.0 million in the first quarter of 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, primarily driven by an increase in agent incentive compensation and the growth in direct and affiliated assumed written premium.

◦Non-commission expense decreased $10.7 million in the first quarter of 2026 compared to the first quarter of 2025. Personnel costs increased $2.1 million, primarily driven by higher pension costs and increased compensation. Sales and advertising decreased $2.0 million primarily due to a decrease in advertising costs and community development initiative costs. Acquisition and underwriting support costs decreased $1.9 million primarily due to lower underwriting report costs. Professional fees decreased $7.0 million primarily due to reduced use of third-party services related to technology initiatives. Administrative and other costs decreased $1.6 million

primarily due to lower charitable contributions related to the transition of charitable giving through the Erie Insurance Foundation, partially offset by an increase in credit card processing fees.

Income from investments before taxes totaled $22.1 million in the first quarter of 2026 compared to $19.5 million in the first quarter of 2025. Net investment income was $23.6 million in the first quarter of 2026 compared to $19.9 million in the first quarter of 2025. Net realized and unrealized losses were $0.8 million in the first quarter of 2026 compared to gains of $0.5 million in the first quarter of 2025.

Webcast Information

Indemnity has scheduled a pre-recorded audio broadcast on the Web for 10:00 AM ET on April 24, 2026.  Investors may access the pre-recorded audio broadcast by logging on to www.erieinsurance.com.

Erie Insurance Group

Erie Insurance Group, based in Erie, Pennsylvania, is the 11th largest homeowners insurer, 12th largest automobile insurer and 10th largest commercial lines insurer in the United States based on direct premiums written, according to AM Best Company.  Founded in 1925, Erie Insurance is a Fortune 500 company and the 16th largest property/casualty insurer in the United States based on net premiums written. Rated A (Excellent) by AM Best, ERIE has nearly seven million policies in force and operates in 12 states and the District of Columbia.

News releases and more information are available on ERIE's website at www.erieinsurance.com.

***

"Safe Harbor" Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995:

Statements contained herein that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements and, as such, are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ, perhaps materially, from those discussed herein.  Forward-looking statements relate to future trends, events or results and include, without limitation, statements and assumptions on which such statements are based that are related to our plans, strategies, objectives, expectations, intentions, and adequacy of resources.  Examples of forward-looking statements are discussions relating to premium and investment income, expenses, operating results, and compliance with contractual and regulatory requirements.  Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict.  Therefore, actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements.  Among the risks and uncertainties, in addition to those set forth in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, that could cause actual results and future events to differ from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements include the following:

•dependence upon our relationship with the Erie Insurance Exchange ("Exchange") and the management fee under the agreement with the subscribers at the Exchange;

•dependence upon our relationship with the Exchange and the growth of the Exchange, including:

◦general business and economic conditions;

◦factors impacting the timing of premium rates charged for policies;

◦factors affecting insurance industry competition, including technological innovations;

◦dependence upon the independent agency system; and

◦ability to maintain our brand, including our reputation for customer service;

•dependence upon our relationship with the Exchange and the financial condition of the Exchange, including:

◦the Exchange's ability to maintain acceptable financial strength ratings;

◦factors affecting the quality and liquidity of the Exchange's investment portfolio;

◦changes in government regulation of the insurance industry;

◦litigation and regulatory actions;

◦emergence of significant unexpected events, including pandemics, economic or social inflation, and changes in tariff policies;

◦emerging claims and coverage issues in the industry; and

◦severe weather conditions or other catastrophic losses, including terrorism;

•costs of providing policy issuance and renewal services to the subscribers at the Exchange under the subscriber's agreement;

•ability to attract, develop, retain, and protect talented management and employees;

1

•ability to ensure system availability and effectively manage technology initiatives;

•difficulties with technology, data or network security breaches, including cyber attacks;

•ability to maintain uninterrupted business operations;

•compliance with complex and evolving laws and regulations and outcome of pending and potential litigation;

•factors affecting the quality and liquidity of our investment portfolio; and

•ability to meet liquidity needs and access capital.

A forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and reflects our analysis only as of that date.  We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions or otherwise.

2

EX-99.2

EX-99.2

Filename: ex-99203312026.htm · Sequence: 3

Document

Exhibit 99.2

Erie Indemnity Company

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Three months ended March 31,

2026 2025

(Unaudited)

Operating revenue

Management fee revenue - policy issuance and renewal services $ 786,399  $ 755,049

Management fee revenue - administrative services 19,475  17,645

Administrative services reimbursement revenue 200,096  210,273

Service agreement revenue 5,941  6,432

Total operating revenue 1,011,911  989,399

Operating expenses

Cost of operations - policy issuance and renewal services 645,028  627,750

Cost of operations - administrative services 200,096  210,273

Total operating expenses 845,124  838,023

Operating income 166,787  151,376

Investment income

Net investment income 23,560  19,948

Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains (765) 502

Net impairment losses recognized in earnings (676) (914)

Total investment income 22,119  19,536

Other income 1,420  3,834

Income before income taxes 190,326  174,746

Income tax expense 39,852  36,329

Net income $ 150,474  $ 138,417

Net income per share

Class A common stock – basic $ 3.23  $ 2.97

Class A common stock – diluted $ 2.88  $ 2.65

Class B common stock – basic and diluted $ 485  $ 446

Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic

Class A common stock 46,188,850  46,188,903

Class B common stock 2,542  2,542

Weighted average shares outstanding – Diluted

Class A common stock 52,300,180  52,304,384

Class B common stock 2,542  2,542

Dividends declared per share

Class A common stock $ 1.4625  $ 1.365

Class B common stock $ 219.375  $ 204.75

1

Erie Indemnity Company

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

(in thousands)

March 31,

2026 December 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents (includes restricted cash of $39,549 and $30,189, respectively)

$ 268,616  $ 345,874

Available-for-sale securities 53,995  33,902

Available-for-sale securities lent 870  3,436

Receivables from Erie Insurance Exchange and affiliates, net 743,236  735,589

Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net 79,713  66,061

Accrued investment income 14,469  14,311

Total current assets 1,160,899  1,199,173

Available-for-sale securities, net 1,296,154  1,286,566

Equity securities 67,889  70,624

Available-for-sale and equity securities lent 54,417  61,063

Fixed assets, net 579,649  571,476

Agent loans, net 102,436  93,953

Defined benefit pension plan 66,617  24,137

Other assets, net 48,617  48,489

Total assets $ 3,376,678  $ 3,355,481

Liabilities and shareholders' equity

Current liabilities:

Commissions payable $ 440,465  $ 425,320

Agent incentive compensation 58,393  132,560

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 229,421  200,701

Dividends payable 68,109  68,109

Contract liability 47,432  47,561

Deferred executive compensation 6,466  9,400

Securities lending payable 49,621  61,936

Total current liabilities 899,907  945,587

Defined benefit pension plan 34,023  33,410

Contract liability 22,936  23,274

Deferred executive compensation 24,023  22,050

Deferred income taxes, net 19,982  24,788

Other long-term liabilities 22,286  22,998

Total liabilities 1,023,157  1,072,107

Shareholders’ equity 2,353,521  2,283,374

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 3,376,678  $ 3,355,481

2

GRAPHIC

GRAPHIC

Filename: ex991image06302022.gif · Sequence: 7

Binary file (38444 bytes)

Download ex991image06302022.gif

XML — IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT

XML

Filename: R1.htm · Sequence: 9

v3.26.1

Document and Entity Information

Apr. 21, 2026

Cover [Abstract]

Document Type

8-K

Document Period End Date

Apr. 21, 2026

Entity Registrant Name

ERIE INDEMNITY COMPANY

Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code

PA

Entity File Number

0-24000

Entity Tax Identification Number

25-0466020

Entity Address, Address Line One

100 Erie Insurance Place,

Entity Address, City or Town

Erie,

Entity Address, State or Province

PA

Entity Address, Postal Zip Code

16530

City Area Code

814

Local Phone Number

870-2000

Written Communications

false

Soliciting Material

false

Pre-commencement Tender Offer

false

Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer

false

Title of 12(b) Security

Class A common stock,

Trading Symbol

ERIE

Security Exchange Name

NASDAQ

Entity Emerging Growth Company

false

Entity Central Index Key

0000922621

Amendment Flag

false

X

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_AmendmentFlag

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Area code of city

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_CityAreaCode

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Cover page.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_CoverAbstract

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:stringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:dateItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_DocumentType

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:submissionTypeItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Name of the City or Town

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Code for the postal or zip code

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Name of the state or province.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:stateOrProvinceItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityCentralIndexKey

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:centralIndexKeyItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityFileNumber

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:fileNumberItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:edgarStateCountryItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityRegistrantName

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:employerIdItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Local phone number for entity.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_LocalPhoneNumber

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 13e

-Subsection 4c

+ Details

Name:

dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 14d

-Subsection 2b

+ Details

Name:

dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Title of a 12(b) registered security.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b

+ Details

Name:

dei_Security12bTitle

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:securityTitleItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection d1-1

+ Details

Name:

dei_SecurityExchangeName

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 14a

-Subsection 12

+ Details

Name:

dei_SolicitingMaterial

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_TradingSymbol

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:tradingSymbolItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration

X

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Securities Act

-Number 230

-Section 425

+ Details

Name:

dei_WrittenCommunications

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

na

Period Type:

duration