Form 8-K

8-K — INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP

Accession: 0000051143-26-000093

Filed: 2026-10-21

Period: 2026-10-21

CIK: 0000051143

SIC: 3570 (COMPUTER & OFFICE EQUIPMENT)

Item: Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Item: Financial Statements and Exhibits

Documents

8-K — ibm-20261021.htm (Primary)

EX-99.1 (ibm-20261021xex991.htm)

EX-99.2 (ibm-20261021xex992.htm)

XML — IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT (R1.htm)

8-K

8-K (Primary)

Filename: ibm-20261021.htm · Sequence: 1

ibm-20261021

0000051143falseNYSETX00000511432026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XCHIus-gaap:CommonStockMember2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSus-gaap:CommonStockMember2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Notes0.300PercentDue2026Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Notes1.250PercentDue2027Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:A3375NotesDue2027Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Notes0.300PercentDue2028Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Notes1.750PercentDue2028Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Notes1.500PercentDue2029Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Notes0.875PercentDue2030Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:A2.900NotesDue2030Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Notes1.750PercentDue2031Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:A3.000NotesDue2031Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:A3625NotesDue2031Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Notes0.650PercentDue2032Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:A3.150NotesDue2033Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:A3.450NotesDue2034Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Notes1.250PercentDue2034Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:A3750NotesDue2035Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:A3.450NotesDue2037Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:A3.850NotesDue2038Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:A4875NotesDue2038Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Notes1.200PercentDue2040Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:A4000NotesDue2043Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:A3.800NotesDue2045Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:FloatingRateNotesDue2028Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Debentures6.22PercentDue2027Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Debentures6.50PercentDue2028Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Debentures5.875PercentDue2032Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Debentures7.00PercentDue2045Member2026-10-212026-10-210000051143exch:XNYSibm:Debentures7.125PercentDue2096Member2026-10-212026-10-21

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of Report: October 21, 2026

(Date of earliest event reported)

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York 1-2360 13-0871985

(State of Incorporation) (Commission File Number) (IRS employer Identification No.)

One New Orchard Road

Armonk, New York

10504

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

914-499-1900

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered

Capital stock, par value $.20 per share IBM New York Stock Exchange

NYSE Texas

0.300% Notes due 2026 IBM 26B New York Stock Exchange

1.250% Notes due 2027 IBM 27B New York Stock Exchange

3.375% Notes due 2027 IBM 27F New York Stock Exchange

0.300% Notes due 2028 IBM 28B New York Stock Exchange

1.750% Notes due 2028 IBM 28A New York Stock Exchange

1.500% Notes due 2029 IBM 29 New York Stock Exchange

0.875% Notes due 2030 IBM 30A New York Stock Exchange

2.900% Notes due 2030 IBM 30C New York Stock Exchange

1.750% Notes due 2031 IBM 31 New York Stock Exchange

3.000% Notes due 2031 IBM 31A New York Stock Exchange

3.625% Notes due 2031 IBM 31B New York Stock Exchange

0.650% Notes due 2032 IBM 32A New York Stock Exchange

3.150% Notes due 2033 IBM 33A New York Stock Exchange

3.450% Notes due 2034 IBM 34A New York Stock Exchange

1.250% Notes due 2034 IBM 34 New York Stock Exchange

3.750% Notes due 2035 IBM 35 New York Stock Exchange

3.450% Notes due 2037 IBM 37 New York Stock Exchange

3.850% Notes due 2038 IBM 38B New York Stock Exchange

4.875% Notes due 2038 IBM 38 New York Stock Exchange

1.200% Notes due 2040 IBM 40 New York Stock Exchange

4.000% Notes due 2043 IBM 43 New York Stock Exchange

3.800% Notes due 2045 IBM 45A New York Stock Exchange

Floating Rate Notes due 2028 IBM 28E New York Stock Exchange

6.22% Debentures due 2027 IBM 27 New York Stock Exchange

6.50% Debentures due 2028 IBM 28 New York Stock Exchange

5.875% Debentures due 2032 IBM 32D New York Stock Exchange

7.00% Debentures due 2045 IBM 45 New York Stock Exchange

7.125% Debentures due 2096 IBM 96 New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Item 2.02. Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

The registrant’s press release dated October 21, 2026, regarding its financial results for the period ended September 30, 2026, including consolidated financial statements for the period ended September 30, 2026, is Exhibit 99.1 of this Form 8-K.

In an effort to provide investors with additional information regarding the company’s results as determined by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the company has disclosed in the attached press release certain non-GAAP information which management believes provides useful information to investors. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP are included in the press release, which is Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 8-K. The rationale for management’s use of non-GAAP measures is included in Exhibit 99.2 to this Form 8-K.

The information in this Item 2.02, including the corresponding Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2, is being furnished with the Commission and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d)Exhibits

The following exhibits are being furnished as part of this report:

Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit

99.1

Earnings Release of the Registrant, dated October 21, 2026

99.2

Non-GAAP Metrics and Other Financial Information

The following exhibit is being filed as part of this report:

Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit

104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL Document)

IBM’s web site (www.ibm.com) contains a significant amount of information about IBM, including financial and other information for investors (www.ibm.com/investor/). IBM encourages investors to visit its various web sites from time to time, as information is updated and new information is posted.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.

Date: October 21, 2026

By: /s/ Nicolás A. Fehring

Nicolás A. Fehring

Vice President and Controller

EX-99.1

Filename: ibm-20261021xex991.htm · Sequence: 2

Document

Exhibit 99.1

IBM RELEASES THIRD-QUARTER RESULTS

Exceeded expectations with accelerated revenue growth led by Software and Infrastructure; Raises outlook for full-year free cash flow

ARMONK, N.Y., October 21, 2026 . . . IBM (NYSE: IBM) today announced third-quarter 2026 earnings results.

“Disciplined execution throughout the quarter drove accelerated revenue growth and strong free cash flow. Our clients are now deploying Super Intelligence in ways that transform entire operating models, instead of simply addressing narrow or novel problems. IBM's technology and expertise are helping organizations drive growth and serve customers with greater speed, precision and efficiency than ever before," said Arvind Krishna, IBM chairman, president and chief executive officer. "For the full year, we continue to expect constant currency revenue growth in the range of four-to-five percent, and we now expect free cash flow to increase by more than $1 billion year-over-year.”

Third-Quarter Highlights

•Revenue

–Revenue of $17.1 billion, up 5 percent, up 6 percent at constant currency

–Software revenue up 8 percent, up 9 percent at constant currency

–Consulting revenue flat, up 2 percent at constant currency

–Infrastructure revenue up 4 percent, up 5 percent at constant currency

•Profit

–Gross Profit Margin: GAAP: 56.8 percent, down 50 basis points; Operating (Non-GAAP): 58.5 percent, down 20 basis points

–Pre-Tax Income Margin: GAAP: 14.6 percent, down 30 basis points; Operating (Non-GAAP): 19.3 percent, up 70 basis points

•Cash Flow

–Year to date, net cash from operating activities of $11.8 billion; free cash flow of $7.8 billion

THIRD-QUARTER 2026 INCOME STATEMENT SUMMARY

Revenue Gross

Profit Gross Profit Margin Pre-tax

Income Pre-tax

Income

Margin Net

Income Diluted

Earnings Per Share

GAAP from Continuing Operations $ 17.1B $ 9.7B 56.8 % $ 2.5B 14.6 % $ 2.2B $ 2.31

Year/Year 5

% (1)

4 % (0.5) Pts 3 % (0.3) Pts 26 % 26 %

Operating

(Non-GAAP) $ 10.0B 58.5 % $ 3.3B 19.3 % $ 2.8B $ 2.95

Year/Year 4 % (0.2) Pts 9 % 0.7 Pts 12 % 11 %

(1) 6% at constant currency.

“Demand across our portfolio combined with strong operational execution led to accelerated growth and solid operating pre-tax margin expansion in the quarter," said James Kavanaugh, IBM senior vice president and chief financial officer. "Just as we are helping clients extract value from their operations with Super Intelligence, we are driving tangible returns through our productivity initiatives inside IBM. This approach fuels profit and free cash flow growth and enables us to continue to invest in our business while returning value to shareholders through our dividend.”

Segment Results for Third Quarter

•Software — revenues of $7.8 billion, up 8 percent, up 9 percent at constant currency

–Hybrid Cloud (Red Hat) up 11 percent

–Automation down 3 percent

–Data up 19 percent, up 20 percent at constant currency

–Transaction Processing up 9 percent, up 10 percent at constant currency

•Consulting — revenues of $5.3 billion, flat, up 2 percent at constant currency

–Strategy and Technology up 2 percent, up 4 percent at constant currency

–Intelligent Operations down 2 percent, flat at constant currency

•Infrastructure — revenues of $3.7 billion, up 4 percent, up 5 percent at constant currency

–Hybrid Infrastructure up 8 percent, up 9 percent at constant currency

•IBM Z down 20 percent, down 19 percent at constant currency

•Distributed Infrastructure up 31 percent, up 32 percent at constant currency

–Infrastructure Support down 3 percent, down 2 percent at constant currency

•Financing — revenues of $0.2 billion, down 4 percent, down 3 percent at constant currency

Cash Flow and Balance Sheet

In the third quarter, the company generated net cash from operating activities of $4.0 billion, up $0.9 billion year to year. IBM’s free cash flow was $3.0 billion, up $0.7 billion year to year. The company returned $1.6 billion to shareholders in dividends in the third quarter.

For the first nine months of the year, the company generated net cash from operating activities of $11.8 billion, up $2.6 billion year to year. IBM's free cash flow was $7.8 billion, up $0.6 billion year to year.

IBM ended the third quarter with $11.1 billion of cash, restricted cash and marketable securities, down $3.4 billion from year-end 2025. The company invested $11.4 billion in acquisitions this year. Debt, including IBM Financing debt of $12.7 billion, totaled $63.8 billion, up $2.6 billion year to date.

Full-Year 2026 Expectations

•Revenue: The company continues to expect full-year constant currency revenue growth in the range of four-to-five percent. At current foreign exchange rates, currency is expected to be neutral to growth for the year

•Free cash flow: The company now expects full-year free cash flow to increase by more than $1 billion year-over-year

Dividend Declaration

The IBM board of directors approved a regular quarterly cash dividend of $1.69 per common share, to stockholders of record on November 10, 2026. With payment of the December 10, 2026 dividend, IBM will have paid consecutive quarterly dividends every year since 1916.

Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements

Except for the historical information and discussions contained herein, statements contained in this release may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on the company’s current assumptions regarding future business and financial performance. These statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, including, but not limited to, the following: a downturn in economic environment and client spending budgets; a failure of the company’s innovation initiatives; damage to the company’s reputation; risks from investing in growth opportunities; failure of the company’s intellectual property portfolio to prevent competitive offerings and the failure of the company to obtain necessary licenses; the company’s ability to successfully manage acquisitions, alliances and divestitures, including integration challenges, failure to achieve objectives, the assumption or retention of liabilities and higher debt levels; fluctuations in financial results; impact of local

legal, economic, political, health and other conditions; the company’s failure to meet growth and productivity objectives; ineffective internal controls; the company’s use of accounting estimates; impairment of the company’s goodwill or amortizable intangible assets; the company’s ability to attract and retain key employees and its reliance on critical skills; impacts of relationships with critical suppliers; product and service quality issues; the development and use of AI, including the company's increased AI solutions and use of AI technologies; impacts of business with government clients; reliance on third party distribution channels and ecosystems; cybersecurity and data protection considerations; adverse effects related to climate change and other environmental matters; tax matters; legal proceedings and investigatory risks; the company’s pension plans; currency fluctuations and customer financing risks; impact of changes in market liquidity conditions and customer credit risk on receivables; risk factors related to IBM securities; and other risks, uncertainties and factors discussed in the company’s Form 10-Qs, Form 10-K and in the company’s other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or in materials incorporated therein by reference.

Any forward-looking statement in this release speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Except as required by law, the company assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.

Presentation of Information in this Press Release

•adjusting for currency (i.e., at constant currency);

•presenting operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share amounts and related income statement items;

•free cash flow;

•net cash from operating activities excluding IBM Financing receivables;

•adjusted EBITDA;

•adjusted EBITDA margin.

The rationale for management’s use of these non-GAAP measures is included in Exhibit 99.2 in the Form 8-K that includes this press release and is being submitted today to the SEC.

Conference Call and Webcast

IBM’s regular quarterly earnings conference call is scheduled to begin at 5:00 p.m. ET, today. The Webcast may be accessed via a link at https://www.ibm.com/investor/events/earnings-3q26. Presentation charts will be available shortly before the Webcast.

Financial Results Below (certain amounts may not add due to use of rounded numbers; percentages presented are calculated from the underlying whole-dollar amounts).

Contact: IBM

Tim Davidson, 914-844-7847

tfdavids@us.ibm.com

Erin McElwee, 347-920-6825

erin.mcelwee@ibm.com

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL RESULTS

(Unaudited; $ in millions except per share amounts)

Three Months Ended

September 30, Nine Months Ended

September 30,

2026 2025 2026 2025

REVENUE BY SEGMENT

Software $ 7,804 $ 7,209 $ 22,617 $ 20,932

Consulting 5,335 5,324 15,934 15,706

Infrastructure 3,707 3,559 10,868 10,586

Financing 192 200 598 557

Other 66 38 165 68

TOTAL REVENUE 17,103 16,331 50,182 47,849

GROSS PROFIT 9,714 9,360 28,571 27,369

GROSS PROFIT MARGIN

Software 82.5 % 83.1 % 82.6 % 83.5 %

Consulting 27.4 % 29.3 % 27.9 % 28.0 %

Infrastructure 56.7 % 57.2 % 57.4 % 57.7 %

Financing 40.7 % 45.6 % 42.2 % 45.7 %

TOTAL GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 56.8 % 57.3 % 56.9 % 57.2 %

EXPENSE AND OTHER INCOME

SG&A 4,620 4,748 14,691 14,661

R&D 2,378 2,082 6,863 6,129

Intellectual property and custom development income (164) (219) (501) (687)

Other (income) and expense (109) (173) (296) (376)

Interest expense 491 492 1,451 1,457

TOTAL EXPENSE AND OTHER INCOME 7,217 6,931 22,208 21,184

INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS

BEFORE INCOME TAXES

2,497 2,430 6,363 6,185

Pre-tax income margin 14.6 % 14.9 % 12.7 % 12.9 %

Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes 298 686 782 1,193

Effective tax rate 11.9 % 28.2 % 12.3 % 19.3 %

INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS

$ 2,199 $ 1,744 $ 5,581 $ 4,992

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes (10) 0 (10) 1

NET INCOME

$ 2,190 $ 1,744 $ 5,571 $ 4,993

EARNINGS PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK

Assuming dilution

Continuing operations $ 2.31 $ 1.84 $ 5.86 $ 5.27

Discontinued operations $ (0.01) $ 0.00 $ (0.01) $ 0.00

TOTAL $ 2.30 $ 1.84 $ 5.85 $ 5.27

Basic

Continuing operations $ 2.33 $ 1.87 $ 5.93 $ 5.36

Discontinued operations $ (0.01) $ 0.00 $ (0.01) $ 0.00

TOTAL $ 2.32 $ 1.87 $ 5.92 $ 5.36

WEIGHTED-AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING (M’s)

Assuming dilution 953.5 948.9 953.0 947.4

Basic 944.4 933.9 941.4 930.9

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(Unaudited)

($ in millions) At September 30,

2026 At December 31,

2025

ASSETS:

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents $ 9,233 $ 13,587

Restricted cash 48 54

Marketable securities 1,825 830

Notes and accounts receivable - trade, net 5,794 8,112

Short-term financing receivables

Held for investment, net 5,638 7,344

Held for sale 774 1,131

Other accounts receivable, net 1,673 1,052

Inventories 1,945 1,220

Deferred costs 1,177 1,084

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 3,083 2,530

Total current assets 31,192 36,944

Property, plant and equipment, net 6,043 5,899

Operating right-of-use assets, net 3,114 3,129

Long-term financing receivables, net 6,844 7,708

Prepaid pension assets 7,715 7,544

Deferred costs 808 825

Deferred taxes 8,827 8,610

Goodwill 74,916 67,717

Intangibles, net 13,603 11,391

Investments and sundry assets 1,950 2,112

Total assets $ 155,011 $ 151,880

LIABILITIES:

Current Liabilities:

Taxes $ 1,867 $ 2,347

Short-term debt 7,013 6,424

Accounts payable 4,491 4,756

Compensation and benefits 3,668 4,114

Deferred income 15,164 16,101

Operating lease liabilities 749 800

Other liabilities 3,534 4,116

Total current liabilities 36,485 38,658

Long-term debt 56,804 54,836

Retirement-related obligations 8,452 9,018

Deferred income 4,318 4,271

Operating lease liabilities 2,574 2,547

Other liabilities 10,172 9,810

Total liabilities 118,805 119,139

EQUITY:

IBM stockholders’ equity:

Common stock 65,137 63,318

Retained earnings 156,576 155,648

Treasury stock - at cost (171,191) (170,605)

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (14,985) (15,713)

Total IBM stockholders’ equity 35,537 32,648

Noncontrolling interests 669 93

Total equity 36,206 32,740

Total liabilities and equity $ 155,011 $ 151,880

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended

September 30, Nine Months Ended

September 30,

($ in millions) 2026

2025 (1)

2026

2025 (1)

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income

$ 2,190 $ 1,744 $ 5,571 $ 4,993

Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation (2)

550 583 1,638 1,698

Amortization of capitalized software and acquired intangible assets

828 699 2,363 2,027

Stock-based compensation 535 444 1,539 1,285

Net (gain)/loss on divestitures, asset sales and other (47) (6) (124) (46)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions/divestitures (31) (383) 804 (804)

Net cash provided by operating activities 4,025 3,081 11,791 9,153

Cash flows from investing activities:

Payments for property, plant and equipment (332) (255) (793) (709)

Proceeds from disposition of property, plant and equipment/other

29 7 60 118

Investment in software

(154) (162) (467) (476)

Purchases of marketable securities and other investments (1,898) (1,169) (4,769) (8,910)

Proceeds from disposition of marketable securities and other investments

640 1,199 3,763 6,162

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired

(884) (58) (11,364) (7,903)

Divestiture of businesses, net of cash transferred

28 - 30 (1)

Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities (2,570) (437) (13,539) (11,719)

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from new debt 1,978 6 9,415 8,391

Payments to settle debt (120) (1,114) (7,261) (3,679)

Short-term borrowings/(repayments) less than 90 days - net 2 0 3 (29)

Common stock repurchases for tax withholdings (352) (414) (817) (851)

Proceeds from issuance of shares 143 134 562 535

Noncontrolling interest transactions (3)

575 - 557 (15)

Financing - other (3)

(24) (54) (98) (93)

Cash dividends paid

(1,596) (1,569) (4,762) (4,681)

Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities 607 (3,012) (2,402) (423)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 3 (59) (209) 429

Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 2,064 (426) (4,359) (2,561)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period 7,217 12,026 13,640 14,160

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period $ 9,282 $ 11,600 $ 9,282 $ 11,600

(1) Reclassified to align with the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows presentation.

(2) Includes operating lease right-of-use assets amortization.

(3) Prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the change in 2026 presentation.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

GAAP NET INCOME TO ADJUSTED EBITDA RECONCILIATION

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended

September 30, Nine Months Ended

September 30,

($ in billions) 2026 2025 Yr/Yr 2026 2025 Yr/Yr

Net income as reported (GAAP) $ 2.2 $ 1.7 $ 0.4 $ 5.6 $ 5.0 $ 0.6

Less: income from discontinued operations, net of tax 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Income from continuing operations 2.2 1.7 0.5 5.6 5.0 0.6

Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes from continuing ops. 0.3 0.7 (0.4) 0.8 1.2 (0.4)

Pre-tax income from continuing operations (GAAP) 2.5 2.4 0.1 6.4 6.2 0.2

Non-operating adjustments (before tax)

Acquisition-related charges (1)

0.7 0.6 0.1 2.1 1.7 0.3

Non-operating retirement-related costs/(income) 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2

Operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income from continuing ops. 3.3 3.0 0.3 8.7 8.0 0.7

Net interest expense 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.1 0.9 0.2

Depreciation/amortization of non-acquired intangible assets 0.7 0.7 0.0 2.1 2.1 0.0

Stock-based compensation 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.5 1.3 0.3

Workforce rebalancing charges 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0

Corporate (gains) and charges (2)

0.0 0.0 0.0 (0.2) 0.0 (0.2)

Adjusted EBITDA $ 4.9 $ 4.6 $ 0.3 $ 13.7 $ 12.7 $ 1.0

Revenue $ 17.1 $ 16.3 5 % $ 50.2 $ 47.8 5 %

GAAP net income margin 12.8 % 10.7 % 2.1pts 11.1 % 10.4 % 0.7pts

Adjusted EBITDA margin 28.7 % 28.0 % 0.6pts 27.2 % 26.5 % 0.8pts

(1) Primarily consists of amortization of acquired intangible assets.

(2) Primarily consists of unique corporate actions such as gains on divestitures and asset sales.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

SEGMENT DATA

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2026

($ in millions) Software Consulting Infrastructure Financing

Revenue $ 7,804 $ 5,335 $ 3,707 $ 192

Segment profit $ 2,734 $ 653 $ 715 $ 108

Segment profit margin 35.0 % 12.2 % 19.3 % 56.1 %

Change YTY revenue 8.2 % 0.2 % 4.2 % (3.9) %

Change YTY revenue - constant currency 8.7 % 1.8 % 4.9 % (3.3) %

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

($ in millions) Software Consulting Infrastructure Financing

Revenue $ 7,209 $ 5,324 $ 3,559 $ 200

Segment profit $ 2,374 $ 686 $ 644 $ 123

Segment profit margin 32.9 % 12.9 % 18.1 % 61.6 %

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026

($ in millions) Software Consulting Infrastructure Financing

Revenue $ 22,617 $ 15,934 $ 10,868 $ 598

Segment Profit $ 7,335 $ 1,858 $ 2,074 $ 334

Segment Profit Margin 32.4 % 11.7 % 19.1 % 55.9 %

Change YTY Revenue 8.1 % 1.5 % 2.7 % 7.3 %

Change YTY Revenue - Constant Currency 7.0 % 1.2 % 1.9 % 5.7 %

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

($ in millions) Software Consulting Infrastructure Financing

Revenue $ 20,932 $ 15,706 $ 10,586 $ 557

Segment Profit $ 6,517 $ 1,807 $ 1,857 $ 371

Segment Profit Margin 31.1 % 11.5 % 17.5 % 66.5 %

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

U.S. GAAP TO OPERATING (Non-GAAP) RESULTS RECONCILIATION

(Unaudited; $ in millions except per share amounts)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2026

Continuing Operations

GAAP

Acquisition-

Adjustments (1)

Retirement-

Adjustments (2)

Tax

Reform

Impacts Operating

(Non-GAAP)

Gross profit $ 9,714 $ 289 $ — $ — $ 10,004

Gross profit margin 56.8 % 1.7 pts — pts — pts 58.5 %

SG&A $ 4,620 $ (428) $ — $ — $ 4,193

Other (income) & expense (109) 0 (91) — (200)

Total expense & other (income) 7,217 (418) (91) — 6,708

Pre-tax income from continuing operations 2,497 707 91 — 3,295

Pre-tax margin from continuing operations 14.6 % 4.1 pts 0.5 pts — pts 19.3 %

Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes (3)

$ 298 $ 166 $ 20 — $ 483

Effective tax rate 11.9 % 2.5 pts 0.3 pts — pts 14.7 %

Income from continuing operations $ 2,199 $ 542 $ 71 $ — $ 2,812

Income margin from continuing operations 12.9 % 3.2 pts 0.4 pts — pts 16.4 %

Diluted earnings per share: continuing operations $ 2.31 $ 0.57 $ 0.07 $ — $ 2.95

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

Continuing Operations

GAAP

Acquisition-

Adjustments (1)

Retirement-

Adjustments (2)

Tax

Reform

Impacts Operating

(Non-GAAP)

Gross profit $ 9,360 $ 231 $ — $ — $ 9,591

Gross profit margin 57.3 % 1.4 pts — pts — pts 58.7 %

SG&A $ 4,748 $ (354) $ — $ — $ 4,394

Other (income) & expense (173) (6) (13) — (191)

Total expense & other (income) 6,931 (359) (13) — 6,559

Pre-tax income from continuing operations 2,430 590 13 — 3,033

Pre-tax margin from continuing operations 14.9 % 3.6 pts 0.1 pts — pts 18.6 %

Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes (3)

$ 686 $ 136 $ 3 $ (309) $ 516

Effective tax rate 28.2 % (1.0) pts 0.0 pts (10.2) pts 17.0 %

Income from continuing operations $ 1,744 $ 454 $ 10 $ 309 $ 2,517

Income margin from continuing operations 10.7 % 2.8 pts 0.1 pts 1.9 pts 15.4 %

Diluted earnings per share: continuing operations $ 1.84 $ 0.48 $ 0.01 $ 0.33 $ 2.65

(1)Includes amortization of acquired intangible assets and acquisition-related charges such as in-process research and development, transaction costs, applicable retention, restructuring and related expenses, tax charges related to acquisition integration, and pre-closing charges, such as financing costs.

(2)Includes amortization of prior service costs, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortized actuarial gains/losses, the impacts of any plan curtailments/settlements and pension insolvency costs and other costs.

(3)The tax impact on operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income from continuing operations is calculated under the same accounting principles applied to the GAAP pre-tax income.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

U.S. GAAP TO OPERATING (Non-GAAP) RESULTS RECONCILIATION

(Unaudited; $ in millions except per share amounts)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026

Continuing Operations

GAAP

Acquisition-

Adjustments (1)

Retirement-

Adjustments (2)

Tax

Reform

Impacts Operating

(Non-GAAP)

Gross Profit $ 28,571 $ 813 $ — $ — $ 29,384

Gross Profit Margin 56.9 % 1.6 pts — pts — pts 58.6 %

SG&A $ 14,691 $ (1,257) $ — $ — $ 13,435

Other (Income) & Expense (296) 1 (283) — (578)

Total Expense & Other (Income) 22,208 (1,256) (283) — 20,669

Pre-tax Income from Continuing Operations 6,363 2,069 283 — 8,715

Pre-tax Margin from Continuing Operations 12.7 % 4.1 pts 0.6 pts — pts 17.4 %

Provision for/(Benefit from) Income Taxes (3)

$ 782 $ 470 $ 43 $ (6) $ 1,290

Effective Tax Rate 12.3 % 2.5 pts 0.1 pts (0.1) pts 14.8 %

Income from Continuing Operations $ 5,581 $ 1,598 $ 240 $ 6 $ 7,425

Income Margin from Continuing Operations 11.1 % 3.2 pts 0.5 pts 0.0 pts 14.8 %

Diluted Earnings Per Share: Continuing Operations $ 5.86 $ 1.68 $ 0.25 $ 0.01 $ 7.79

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Continuing Operations

GAAP

Acquisition-

Adjustments (1)

Retirement-

Adjustments (2)

Tax

Reform

Impacts Operating

(Non-GAAP)

Gross Profit $ 27,369 $ 657 $ — $ — $ 28,025

Gross Profit Margin 57.2 % 1.4 pts — pts — pts 58.6 %

SG&A $ 14,661 $ (1,055) $ — $ — $ 13,606

Other (Income) & Expense (376) (7) (61) — (444)

Total Expense & Other (Income) 21,184 (1,066) (61) — 20,058

Pre-tax Income from Continuing Operations 6,185 1,723 61 — 7,968

Pre-tax Margin from Continuing Operations 12.9 % 3.6 pts 0.1 pts — pts 16.7 %

Provision for/(Benefit from) Income Taxes (3)

$ 1,193 $ 396 $ 0 $ (307) $ 1,282

Effective Tax Rate 19.3 % 0.8 pts (0.2) pts (3.9) pts 16.1 %

Income from Continuing Operations $ 4,992 $ 1,326 $ 61 $ 307 $ 6,686

Income Margin from Continuing Operations 10.4 % 2.8 pts 0.1 pts 0.6 pts 14.0 %

Diluted Earnings Per Share: Continuing Operations $ 5.27 $ 1.40 $ 0.06 $ 0.32 $ 7.06

(1)Includes amortization of acquired intangible assets, and acquisition-related charges such as in-process research and development, transaction costs, applicable retention, restructuring and related expenses, tax charges related to acquisition integration, and pre-closing charges, such as financing costs.

(3)The tax impact on operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income from continuing operations is calculated under the same accounting principles applied to the GAAP pre-tax income.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

GAAP OPERATING CASH FLOW TO FREE CASH FLOW RECONCILIATION

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended

September 30, Nine Months Ended

September 30,

($ in millions) 2026 2025 2026 2025

Net cash provided by operating activities per GAAP $ 4,025 $ 3,081 $ 11,791 $ 9,153

Less: change in IBM Financing receivables 541 298 2,805 905

Net cash from operating activities excl. IBM Financing receivables 3,484 2,783 8,986 8,248

Capital expenditures, net (457) (410) (1,200) (1,067)

Free cash flow $ 3,027 $ 2,373 $ 7,787 $ 7,181

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

GAAP OPERATING CASH FLOW TO ADJUSTED EBITDA RECONCILIATION

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended

September 30, Nine Months Ended

September 30,

($ in billions) 2026 2025 2026 2025

Net cash provided by operating activities $ 4.0 $ 3.1 $ 11.8 $ 9.2

Add:

Net interest expense 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.9

Provision for/(benefit from) income taxes from continuing operations 0.3 0.7 0.8 1.2

Less change in:

Financing receivables 0.5 0.3 2.8 0.9

Net (gain)/loss on divestitures, assets sales and other (1)

0.0 0.0 (0.1) 0.0

Other assets and liabilities/other, net (1,2)

(0.7) (0.8) (2.6) (2.2)

Adjusted EBITDA $ 4.9 $ 4.6 $ 13.7 $ 12.7

Revenue $ 17.1 $ 16.3 $ 50.2 $ 47.8

Net cash provided by operating activities margin 23.5 % 18.9 % 23.5 % 19.1 %

Adjusted EBITDA margin 28.7 % 28.0 % 27.2 % 26.5 %

(1)Reclassified to align with the presentation of similar line items in the Statement of Cash Flows.

(2)Mainly consists of Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions/divestitures in the Statement of Cash Flows chart, workforce rebalancing charges, non-operating impacts, and corporate (gains) and charges, less the change in Financing receivables.

EX-99.2

Filename: ibm-20261021xex992.htm · Sequence: 3

Document

Exhibit 99.2

Non-GAAP Metrics and Other Financial Information

Operating (non-GAAP) Earnings Per Share and Related Income Statement Items

In an effort to provide better transparency into the operational results of the business, supplementally, the company separates business results into operating and non-operating categories. Operating earnings from continuing operations is a non-GAAP measure that excludes the effects of certain acquisition-related charges and intangible asset amortization, expense resulting from basis differences on equity method investments, retirement-related costs and their related tax impacts. Due to the unique, non-recurring nature of the enactment of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA or U.S. tax reform), the company characterizes the one-time provisional charge recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017, and adjustments to that charge, as non-operating. Adjustments include the tax effect of true-ups, audit adjustments, accounting elections and new regulations, or laws (e.g., H.R. 1 in July of 2025) that impact the TCJA provisions which resulted in the one-time provisional charge. For acquisitions, operating (non-GAAP) earnings exclude the amortization of acquired intangible assets and acquisition-related charges such as in-process research and development, transaction costs, applicable retention, restructuring and related expenses, tax charges related to acquisition integration, and pre-closing charges, such as financing costs. These charges are excluded as they may be inconsistent in amount and timing from period to period and are significantly impacted by the size, type and frequency of the company’s acquisitions. All other spending for acquired companies is included in both earnings from continuing operations and in operating (non-GAAP) earnings. For retirement-related costs, the company characterizes certain items as operating and others as non-operating, consistent with GAAP. The company includes defined benefit plan and nonpension postretirement benefit plan service costs, multi-employer plan costs and the cost of defined contribution plans in operating earnings. Non-operating retirement-related costs include defined benefit plan and nonpension postretirement benefit plan amortization of prior service costs, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortized actuarial gains/losses, the impacts of any plan curtailments/settlements and pension insolvency costs and other costs. Non-operating retirement-related costs are primarily related to changes in pension plan assets and liabilities which are tied to financial market performance, and the company considers these costs to be outside of the operational performance of the business.

Overall, the company believes that supplementally providing investors with a view of operating earnings as described above provides increased transparency and clarity into both the operational results of the business and the performance of the company’s pension plans; improves visibility to management decisions and their impacts on operational performance; enables better comparison to peer companies; and allows the company to provide a long-term strategic view of the business going forward. In addition, these non-GAAP measures provide a perspective consistent with areas of interest the company routinely receives from investors and analysts.

Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) and adjusted EBITDA margin

Additionally, the company reports adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin which, in addition to the operating (non-GAAP) earnings adjustments described above, also excludes income/(loss) from discontinued operations, income tax expense, net interest expense, depreciation/amortization of non-acquired intangible assets including operating lease right-of-use assets, stock-based compensation, and certain other activity that is not reflective of the company’s ongoing operational results such as workforce rebalancing charges and corporate gains and charges. Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated by dividing adjusted EBITDA by total revenue. The company uses adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin to measure its operating performance and believes that supplementally providing adjusted EBITDA will provide investors with additional transparency and clarity into how the company’s operational profitability is driving its free cash flow results.

Free Cash Flow / Net Cash from Operating Activities Excluding IBM Financing Receivables

The company uses free cash flow as a measure to evaluate its operating results, strategic investments, plan shareholder return levels and assess its ability and need to incur and service debt. The entire free cash flow amount is not necessarily available for discretionary expenditures. The company defines free cash flow as net cash from operating activities less the change in Financing receivables and net capital expenditures, including the investment in software and other asset sales. A key objective of the Financing business is to generate strong returns on equity, and our Financing receivables are the basis for that growth. Accordingly, management considers Financing receivables as a profit-generating investment, not as working capital that should be minimized for efficiency. Therefore, management presents both free cash flow and net cash from operating activities that exclude the effect of Financing receivables. Free cash flow guidance is derived using an estimate of profit, working capital and operational cash flows. Since the company views Financing receivables as a profit-generating investment which it seeks to maximize, it is not considered when formulating guidance for free cash flow and adjusted EBITDA. As a result, the company does not estimate a GAAP net cash from operations expectation metric.

Constant Currency

When the company refers to growth rates at constant currency or adjusts such growth rates for currency, it is done so that certain financial results can be viewed without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, thereby facilitating period-to-period comparisons of its business performance. Financial results adjusted for currency are calculated by translating current period activity in local currency using the comparable prior year period’s currency conversion rate. This approach is used for countries where the functional currency is the local currency. Generally, when the dollar either strengthens or weakens against other currencies, the growth at constant currency rates or adjusting for currency will be higher or lower than growth reported at actual exchange rates.

Key Performance Indicators

Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR):

ARR is a key performance metric management uses to assess the health and growth trajectory of our Software segment and is calculated by using the current quarter’s recurring revenue and then multiplying that value by four. This value includes the following consumption models: (1) software subscription agreements, including committed term licenses, (2) as-a-service arrangements such as SaaS and PaaS, and (3) maintenance and support contracts. ARR should be viewed independently of software revenue as this performance metric and its inputs may not represent revenue that will be recognized in future periods.

Red Hat Annual Bookings:

Annual bookings (or Annual Contract Value (ACV)) is a key performance metric management uses in its assessment of a customer's commitment under Red Hat subscription and services contracts and provides an indication of forward-looking Red Hat revenue trajectory. It represents the value of a contract over a 12-month period, as of the date of contract signing. Annual bookings is calculated by taking the total subscription and service contract value divided by the number of days in the contract, multiplied by 365, plus the revenue recognized in the quarter for select cloud based offerings. Annual bookings should be viewed independently of revenue as this performance metric and its inputs may not represent the amount of revenue recognized in the period. For example, the conversion of annual bookings to revenue may vary based on types of services, customer decisions, start dates, and other factors. Therefore, annual bookings is not intended to represent current period revenue or revenue that will be recognized in future periods.

GenAI Book of Business:

Generative AI (GenAI) book of business is a key performance metric management uses to assess the progress and growth of the company's AI strategy and offerings. It is calculated as inception to date Software transactional revenue, plus new SaaS Annual Contract Value and Consulting signings related to specific offerings. Since second-quarter 2023, approximately one-fifth of this book of business comes from Software, and the remaining four-fifths is Consulting. Our book of business reflects the value we are delivering to clients in two ways. First, we are partnering with our clients to design and scale AI solutions, whether that be leveraging AI capabilities of IBM, our partners, or a combination of both. Second, we are utilizing generative AI solutions to improve delivery by developing new ways of working and driving productivity within our client contracts. GenAI book of business should be viewed independently of revenue as this performance metric is not intended to represent current period revenue or revenue that will be recognized in future periods.

XML — IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT

XML

Filename: R1.htm · Sequence: 9

v3.26.3

Cover

Oct. 21, 2026

Document Information [Line Items]

Document Type

8-K

Document Period End Date

Oct. 21, 2026

Entity Registrant Name

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code

Entity File Number

1-2360

Entity Tax Identification Number

13-0871985

Entity Address, Address Line One

One New Orchard Road

Entity Address, City or Town

Armonk

Entity Address, State or Province

Entity Address, Postal Zip Code

10504

City Area Code

914

Local Phone Number

499-1900

Written Communications

false

Soliciting Material

false

Pre-commencement Tender Offer

false

Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer

false

Entity Emerging Growth Company

false

Entity Central Index Key

0000051143

Amendment Flag

false

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | Common Stock

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

Capital stock, par value $.20 per share

Trading Symbol

IBM

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 0.300% Notes due 2026

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

0.300% Notes due 2026

Trading Symbol

IBM 26B

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 1.250% Notes due 2027

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

1.250% Notes due 2027

Trading Symbol

IBM 27B

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 3.375% Notes due 2027

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

3.375% Notes due 2027

Trading Symbol

IBM 27F

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 0.300% Notes due 2028

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

0.300% Notes due 2028

Trading Symbol

IBM 28B

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 1.750% Notes due 2028

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

1.750% Notes due 2028

Trading Symbol

IBM 28A

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 1.500% Notes due 2029

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

1.500% Notes due 2029

Trading Symbol

IBM 29

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 0.875% Notes due 2030

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

0.875% Notes due 2030

Trading Symbol

IBM 30A

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 2.900% Notes due 2030

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

2.900% Notes due 2030

Trading Symbol

IBM 30C

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 1.750% Notes due 2031

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

1.750% Notes due 2031

Trading Symbol

IBM 31

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 3.000% Notes due 2031

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

3.000% Notes due 2031

Trading Symbol

IBM 31A

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 3.625% Notes due 2031

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

3.625% Notes due 2031

Trading Symbol

IBM 31B

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 0.650% Notes due 2032

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

0.650% Notes due 2032

Trading Symbol

IBM 32A

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 3.150% Notes due 2033

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

3.150% Notes due 2033

Trading Symbol

IBM 33A

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 1.250% Notes due 2034

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

1.250% Notes due 2034

Trading Symbol

IBM 34

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 3.450% Notes due 2034

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

3.450% Notes due 2034

Trading Symbol

IBM 34A

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 3.750% Notes due 2035

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

3.750% Notes due 2035

Trading Symbol

IBM 35

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 3.450% Notes due 2037

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

3.450% Notes due 2037

Trading Symbol

IBM 37

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 3.850% Notes due 2038

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

3.850% Notes due 2038

Trading Symbol

IBM 38B

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 4.875% Notes due 2038

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

4.875% Notes due 2038

Trading Symbol

IBM 38

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 1.200% Notes due 2040

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

1.200% Notes due 2040

Trading Symbol

IBM 40

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 4.000% Notes due 2043

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

4.000% Notes due 2043

Trading Symbol

IBM 43

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 3.800% Notes due 2045

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

3.800% Notes due 2045

Trading Symbol

IBM 45A

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | Floating Rate Notes due 2028

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

Floating Rate Notes due 2028

Trading Symbol

IBM 28E

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 6.22% Debentures due 2027

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

6.22% Debentures due 2027

Trading Symbol

IBM 27

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 6.50% Debentures due 2028

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

6.50% Debentures due 2028

Trading Symbol

IBM 28

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 5.875% Debentures due 2032

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

5.875% Debentures due 2032

Trading Symbol

IBM 32D

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 7.00% Debentures due 2045

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

7.00% Debentures due 2045

Trading Symbol

IBM 45

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 7.125% Debentures due 2096

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

7.125% Debentures due 2096

Trading Symbol

IBM 96

Security Exchange Name

NYSE

NYSE TEXAS, INC. | Common Stock

Document Information [Line Items]

Title of 12(b) Security

Capital stock, par value $.20 per share

Trading Symbol

IBM

Security Exchange Name

NYSETX

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_AmendmentFlag

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Area code of city

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_CityAreaCode

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_DocumentInformationLineItems

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:stringItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:dateItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_DocumentType

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:submissionTypeItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Name of the City or Town

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Code for the postal or zip code

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Name of the state or province.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:stateOrProvinceItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityCentralIndexKey

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:centralIndexKeyItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityFileNumber

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:fileNumberItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:edgarStateCountryItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityRegistrantName

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b-2

+ Details

Name:

dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:employerIdItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Local phone number for entity.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_LocalPhoneNumber

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:normalizedStringItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 13e

-Subsection 4c

+ Details

Name:

dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 14d

-Subsection 2b

+ Details

Name:

dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Title of a 12(b) registered security.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection b

+ Details

Name:

dei_Security12bTitle

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:securityTitleItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 12

-Subsection d1-1

+ Details

Name:

dei_SecurityExchangeName

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Exchange Act

-Number 240

-Section 14a

-Subsection 12

+ Details

Name:

dei_SolicitingMaterial

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:

dei_TradingSymbol

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

dei:tradingSymbolItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Definition

Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef

-Publisher SEC

-Name Securities Act

-Number 230

-Section 425

+ Details

Name:

dei_WrittenCommunications

Namespace Prefix:

dei_

Data Type:

xbrli:booleanItemType

Balance Type:

Period Type:

duration

- Details

Name:

dei_EntityListingsExchangeAxis=exch_XNYS

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonStockMember

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Notes0.300PercentDue2026Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Notes1.250PercentDue2027Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_A3375NotesDue2027Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Notes0.300PercentDue2028Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Notes1.750PercentDue2028Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Notes1.500PercentDue2029Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Notes0.875PercentDue2030Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_A2.900NotesDue2030Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Notes1.750PercentDue2031Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_A3.000NotesDue2031Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_A3625NotesDue2031Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Notes0.650PercentDue2032Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_A3.150NotesDue2033Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Notes1.250PercentDue2034Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_A3.450NotesDue2034Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_A3750NotesDue2035Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_A3.450NotesDue2037Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_A3.850NotesDue2038Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_A4875NotesDue2038Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Notes1.200PercentDue2040Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_A4000NotesDue2043Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_A3.800NotesDue2045Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_FloatingRateNotesDue2028Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Debentures6.22PercentDue2027Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Debentures6.50PercentDue2028Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Debentures5.875PercentDue2032Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Debentures7.00PercentDue2045Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=ibm_Debentures7.125PercentDue2096Member

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type:

- Details

Name:

dei_EntityListingsExchangeAxis=exch_XCHI

Namespace Prefix:

Data Type:

Balance Type:

Period Type: